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英语世界文摘:Dionysus and the Legend of Wine
添加时间:2021-05-07 08:50:48 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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    Dionysus and the Legend of Wine

    狄俄尼索斯与酒的传说

    The Thracian God of Wine – Zagreus is thought to be the inspiration for the Greek God of Wine Dionysus1 who is more widely known across the world. Dionysus is associated with wine, joy, feasts, the Dionysus’ mysteries2 and has become a synonym1 for “enjoying oneself”, “having a good time”. So, what is the story of Dionysus?

    色雷斯的酒神扎格列欧斯被认为是希腊酒神狄俄尼索斯的前身,而后者在世界上更广为人知。狄俄尼索斯与酒、欢乐、盛宴、酒神秘仪联系在一起,成为了“尽欢”“享乐”的同义词。那么,狄俄尼索斯的故事是什么呢?

    The legend goes that Dionysus was born from his father’s Zeus’ thigh2. Dionysus was yet another of Zeus’ children that was a result of one of his numerous affairs. This is why Zeus’ wife – Hera did not like the boy. On the contrary, all other Olympus Gods were fond of the young Dionysus because he was beautiful and joyful.

    传说狄俄尼索斯是从他父亲宙斯的大腿中出生的。宙斯有许多孩子,都是他风流韵事的产物,狄俄尼索斯是其中之一。这就是为什么宙斯的妻子赫拉不喜欢这个男孩的原因。不过,其他奥林匹斯神都喜欢小狄俄尼索斯,因为他相貌俊美,活泼快乐。

    When he entered adolescence3 Dionysus started surrounding himself and enjoying the company of the maenads. The name “maenad” literally4 means “the raging one”. The maenads were a group of women who were famous for their lustfulness5, feasts and frivolous6 spirit. All these characteristics of the maenads drew the young Dionysus and he started enjoying their company regularly until the point when the maenads were the constant entourage3 of Dionysus.

    狄俄尼索斯步入青春期时,开始享受狂女的簇拥和陪伴。maenad字面意思是“发狂的人”。这些狂女以行为放荡、纵酒宴乐和品性轻浮而出名。年轻的狄俄尼索斯被狂女的这些特点所吸引,开始时时享受她们的陪伴,直到狂女们成为狄俄尼索斯的忠实侍从。

    Soon Dionysus left Olympus with his entourage of maenads and set on travelling and experiencing the world. One of the group’s early journeys took them to a beautiful town with splendid gardens. The wife of the town’s ruler was famous for her unsurpassed beauty. Dionysus heard of her beauty and wished that he seduce7 her. He saw her in one of the gardens and persuaded to follow him in his journeys across the world. She accepted and escaped from her husband to join Dionysus and the maenads. Thus, she became Dionysus supreme8 wife.

    不久,狄俄尼索斯和追随他的狂女们离开了奥林匹斯山,开始游历世界。启程不久,他们来到了一个有着众多绚丽花园的美丽小镇。城主的夫人是一个绝色佳人,远近闻名。狄俄尼索斯对她的美貌有所耳闻,想要引诱她。他在一个花园里见到她,说服她随他环游世界。她答应了,从自己丈夫身边逃走了,加入了狄俄尼索斯和狂女们。于是,她成了狄俄尼索斯至尊的妻子。

    She had long, red hair, voluptuous9 body, passionate10 temper and frivolous spirit, so she became a perfect match for the merry group of travelers. Thus, Dionysus, his beautiful wife and the maenads traveled across the world, enjoying themselves at every stop, organizing feasts and bringing chaos11 and frivolity12. Somehow their behavior mesmerized13 the ordinary people and wherever they stopped, people discontinued their chores and engaged in the feasts.

    她有一头红色的长发,身段撩人,性情热烈而轻佻,的确是这个欢乐出游队伍的良伴。于是,狄俄尼索斯便与他美丽的妻子和那些狂女们周游世界,在每一个落脚之处尽享快乐,举办盛宴,带来混乱和欢愉。不知何故,他们的行为迷住了普通百姓,但凡他们所到之处,人们就会放下手中的杂务,参与到宴乐之中。

    One of their stops happened to be a town that was ruled by the brother of the husband who Dionysus left with no wife. This was a perfect opportunity for Hera, Zeus’ wife who did not like Dionysus, to satisfy her desire to punish Dionysus. She appeared in the dream of the deceived husband and pointed14 to the location of his wife and urged him to avenge15 Dionysus by killing16 her. So, it happened. The husband sneaked17 into the place where Dionysus and his entourage were feasting and speared the beautiful woman with a dagger18.

    他们路过一个城镇,城主恰巧是被狄俄尼索斯诱走妻子的那位丈夫的兄弟。对于不喜欢狄俄尼索斯的宙斯妻子赫拉来说,这是满足自己心愿惩罚狄俄尼索斯的绝佳机会。她出现在那位被欺骗的丈夫的梦中,指明他妻子的位置,怂恿他杀死妻子,以此报复狄俄尼索斯。事情就这样发生了。那位丈夫偷偷溜进狄俄尼索斯与侍从们的飨宴之地,用匕首刺死了那位美丽的女人。

    Dionysus was outraged19. He immediately turned the husband into a rock and took the dying woman in his arms. He could not bring her back to life because he did not have such powers. However, he wanted to perpetuate20 her in some way. This is why he wished that she turns into a plant that is wild and passionate like her and the juice of which brings happiness and frivolity like their love. And so, as the woman was dying she turned into a vine tree. Soon, grape bunches were hanging from the tree. Dionysus picked them; their color was like the hair color of his beloved, their taste was like the taste of her lips. Dionysus squeezed the juice out of them and left it aside. He declared days of mourning.

    狄俄尼索斯愤怒不已。他立刻把那位丈夫变成了一块岩石,把垂死的女人抱在怀里。他不能使她复活,因为他不具此种法力。不过,他想以某种方式使她永世长存。所以,他希望她变成一株植物,像她一样狂野而充满激情,它的汁液会让人快乐而轻狂,就像他们的爱一样。故而当女人的生命走向尽头时,她变成了一棵葡萄树。很快,一串串葡萄从树上垂下来。狄俄尼索斯摘下它们;葡萄的颜色就像他心爱的人的发色,味道尝起来就如她的嘴唇。狄俄尼索斯把汁液挤出来,放在一边。他宣布为亡妻哀悼数日。

    Weeks passed before the heartbroken Dionysus put an end to the days of mourning. He ordered to his group that before they leave they should drink the juice. The fermented21 juice penetrated22 their bodies and suddenly they felt divine intoxication23, immense happiness and they started feasting like when the beautiful woman was still with them. After they sobered, Dionysus took some branches with him and decided24 to travel the world, plant the vine tree and teach people how to make wine so that his beloved could be forever alive.

    几周过后,伤心欲绝的狄俄尼索斯才结束了哀悼。他命令侍从们在离开之前喝下葡萄汁。发酵的汁液浸透了他们的身体,他们突然感到陶醉非凡,幸福无比,并开始欢宴行乐,就像那个美丽的女人还在他们身边时一样。他们清醒之后,狄俄尼索斯带上一些枝蔓,决定周游世界去种葡萄树,并教会人们如何酿造葡萄酒,这样他的心爱之人便能永世长存。

    Thus, to this day when we are drinking wine, we are tasting the passionate love of Dionysus and his beloved. The only thing left to relive the memory of the Dionysian feasts is to enjoy wine in a good company, nice setting, and with delicious food. So, come and create your own Dionysian mystery!

    因此,直到今天,我们饮酒时,品尝到的是酒神狄俄尼索斯和他心上人热烈的爱。重温酒神的盛宴,我们要做的就是择良地、就佳肴,和伙伴们开怀畅饮。来吧,来创造自己的酒神秘仪吧!

    注释:

    1. 古希腊神话中的酒神和狂欢之神,奥林匹斯十二主神之一。酒神是宙斯与底比斯凡人塞墨勒(Semele)生下的儿子。

    2. Dionysus’ mystery 古希腊的一种仪式,有时会使用迷幻剂和其他催眠技巧(如舞蹈和音乐)来消除压抑和社会约束,使人得到解放,回到自然状态。

    3. entourage 伴随者,近侍。

     12级    双语 


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    1 synonym [ˈsɪnənɪm] GHVzT   第8级
    n.同义词,换喻词
    参考例句:
    • Zhuge Liang is a synonym for wisdom in folklore. 诸葛亮在民间传说中成了智慧的代名词。
    • The term 'industrial democracy' is often used as a synonym for worker participation. “工业民主”这个词常被用作“工人参与”的同义词。
    2 thigh [θaɪ] RItzO   第7级
    n.大腿;股骨
    参考例句:
    • He is suffering from a strained thigh muscle. 他的大腿肌肉拉伤了,疼得很。
    • The thigh bone is connected to the hip bone. 股骨连着髋骨。
    3 adolescence [ˌædəˈlesns] CyXzY   第8级
    n.青春期,青少年
    参考例句:
    • Adolescence is the process of going from childhood to maturity. 青春期是从少年到成年的过渡期。
    • The film is about the trials and tribulations of adolescence. 这部电影讲述了青春期的麻烦和苦恼。
    4 literally [ˈlɪtərəli] 28Wzv   第7级
    adv.照字面意义,逐字地;确实
    参考例句:
    • He translated the passage literally. 他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
    • Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint. 有时候,她不走到真正要昏厥了,决不肯坐下来。
    5 lustfulness [] 0fe5b21f9b35677b737c0d1e9ba7ab69   第10级
    参考例句:
    6 frivolous [ˈfrɪvələs] YfWzi   第9级
    adj.轻薄的;轻率的;无聊的
    参考例句:
    • This is a frivolous way of attacking the problem. 这是一种轻率敷衍的处理问题的方式。
    • He spent a lot of his money on frivolous things. 他在一些无聊的事上花了好多钱。
    7 seduce [sɪˈdju:s] ST0zh   第8级
    vt.勾引,诱奸,诱惑,引诱
    参考例句:
    • She has set out to seduce Stephen. 她已经开始勾引斯蒂芬了。
    • Clever advertising would seduce more people into smoking. 巧妙策划的广告会引诱更多的人吸烟。
    8 supreme [su:ˈpri:m] PHqzc   第7级
    adj.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的
    参考例句:
    • It was the supreme moment in his life. 那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
    • He handed up the indictment to the supreme court. 他把起诉书送交最高法院。
    9 voluptuous [vəˈlʌptʃuəs] lLQzV   第11级
    adj.肉欲的,骄奢淫逸的
    参考例句:
    • The nobility led voluptuous lives. 贵族阶层过着骄奢淫逸的生活。
    • The dancer's movements were slow and voluptuous. 舞女的动作缓慢而富挑逗性。
    10 passionate [ˈpæʃənət] rLDxd   第8级
    adj.热情的,热烈的,激昂的,易动情的,易怒的,性情暴躁的
    参考例句:
    • He is said to be the most passionate man. 据说他是最有激情的人。
    • He is very passionate about the project. 他对那个项目非常热心。
    11 chaos [ˈkeɪɒs] 7bZyz   第7级
    n.混乱,无秩序
    参考例句:
    • After the failure of electricity supply the city was in chaos. 停电后,城市一片混乱。
    • The typhoon left chaos behind it. 台风后一片混乱。
    12 frivolity [frɪ'vɒlətɪ] 7fNzi   第9级
    n.轻松的乐事,兴高采烈;轻浮的举止
    参考例句:
    • It was just a piece of harmless frivolity. 这仅是无恶意的愚蠢行为。
    • Hedonism and frivolity will diffuse hell tnrough all our days. 享乐主义和轻薄浮佻会将地狱扩展到我们的整个日子之中。 来自辞典例句
    13 mesmerized [ˈmezməˌraɪzd] 3587e0bcaf3ae9f3190b1834c935883c   第10级
    v.使入迷( mesmerize的过去式和过去分词 )
    参考例句:
    • The country girl stood by the road, mesmerized at the speed of cars racing past. 村姑站在路旁被疾驶而过的一辆辆车迷住了。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
    • My 14-year-old daughter was mesmerized by the movie Titanic. 我14岁的女儿完全被电影《泰坦尼克号》迷住了。 来自互联网
    14 pointed [ˈpɔɪntɪd] Il8zB4   第7级
    adj.尖的,直截了当的
    参考例句:
    • He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil. 他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
    • A safety pin has a metal covering over the pointed end. 安全别针在尖端有一个金属套。
    15 avenge [əˈvendʒ] Zutzl   第8级
    vt. 替…报仇 vi. 报复,报仇
    参考例句:
    • He swore to avenge himself on the mafia. 他发誓说要向黑手党报仇。
    • He will avenge the people on their oppressor. 他将为人民向压迫者报仇。
    16 killing [ˈkɪlɪŋ] kpBziQ   第9级
    n.巨额利润;突然赚大钱,发大财
    参考例句:
    • Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off. 投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
    • Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street. 上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。
    17 sneaked [sni:kt] fcb2f62c486b1c2ed19664da4b5204be   第7级
    v.潜行( sneak的过去式和过去分词 );偷偷溜走;(儿童向成人)打小报告;告状
    参考例句:
    • I sneaked up the stairs. 我蹑手蹑脚地上了楼。
    • She sneaked a surreptitious glance at her watch. 她偷偷看了一眼手表。
    18 dagger [ˈdægə(r)] XnPz0   第8级
    n.匕首,短剑,剑号
    参考例句:
    • The bad news is a dagger to his heart. 这条坏消息刺痛了他的心。
    • The murderer thrust a dagger into her heart. 凶手将匕首刺进她的心脏。
    19 outraged ['autreidʒəd] VmHz8n   第7级
    a.震惊的,义愤填膺的
    参考例句:
    • Members of Parliament were outraged by the news of the assassination. 议会议员们被这暗杀的消息激怒了。
    • He was outraged by their behavior. 他们的行为使他感到愤慨。
    20 perpetuate [pəˈpetʃueɪt] Q3Cz2   第9级
    vt.使永存,使永记不忘
    参考例句:
    • This monument was built to perpetuate the memory of the national hero. 这个纪念碑建造的意义在于纪念民族英雄永垂不朽。
    • We must perpetuate the system. 我们必须将此制度永久保持。
    21 fermented [fəˈmentid] e1236246d968e9dda0f02e826f25e962   第8级
    v.(使)发酵( ferment的过去式和过去分词 );(使)激动;骚动;骚扰
    参考例句:
    • When wine is fermented, it gives off gas. 酒发酵时发出气泡。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • His speeches fermented trouble among the workers. 他的演讲在工人中引起骚动。 来自辞典例句
    22 penetrated ['penɪtreɪtɪd] 61c8e5905df30b8828694a7dc4c3a3e0   第7级
    adj. 击穿的,鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式
    参考例句:
    • The knife had penetrated his chest. 刀子刺入了他的胸膛。
    • They penetrated into territory where no man had ever gone before. 他们已进入先前没人去过的地区。
    23 intoxication [inˌtɔksi'keiʃən] qq7zL8   第8级
    n.wild excitement;drunkenness;poisoning
    参考例句:
    • He began to drink, drank himself to intoxication, till he slept obliterated. 他一直喝,喝到他快要迷糊地睡着了。
    • Predator: Intoxication-Damage over time effect will now stack with other allies. Predator:Intoxication,持续性伤害的效果将会与队友相加。
    24 decided [dɪˈsaɪdɪd] lvqzZd   第7级
    adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
    参考例句:
    • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents. 这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
    • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting. 英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

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