1. The Early Period of the Movie

1、中国早期电影的发展

At the move of the 19th century, the movie was introduced into China. In 1896， a Western movie was shown in Shanghai, which was the first movie showing in China. In 1905，a photo studio in Beijing made the first Chinese movie , which was only a collection of scenes from a Beijing opera based on the classical novel The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. In the early thirties, many revolutionary movies were produced, such as Spring Silkworms, Plunder¹ of Peach and Plum , Three Modem² Women , The Great Road，Song of the Fishermen，and Crossroads. These movies reflect the realities of society and the wishes of the people.

19世纪末期，电影引人中国。中国第一部引进的西方电影于1脱年在上海上映。 1905年，北京一家照相室选取京剧传统曲目《三国演义》的一些简单场景制作了中国第一部电影。在中国电影事业发展的最初30年中，创作了许多革命电影，例如:《春蚕》、《桃李劫机《三个摩登女性》、《大路》、《温光曲》、《十字街头}，集中反映了当时社会的现状和人民的愿望。

During the Anti-Japanese War, many progressive movies were made, such as Defend Our Land, The March of Victory, The North is Ours, Sons and Daughters of China，and The Snowy Taihang Mountains. The movies reflected the people's requirement for resistance against Japan.

抗战期间，许多进步电影诞生了，例如《保卫我们的土地》、《胜利进行曲》、《华北是我们的》、《中华儿女》、《风雪太行山》。这些电影都反映了人民要求坚持抗战的强烈愿望。

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War，a great number of excellent movies were produced , Such as Remote Love , Along the Songhua River，Eight Thousand Li of Cloud and Moon, and The Spring River Flows East. All of them areαbout the people's life or struggles during the War of Resistance against Japan.

抗战胜利后，中国电影发行了如《遥远的爱》、《松花江上》、《八千里路云和月》和《一江春水向东流》等大批反映抗战时期人民生活和斗争的杰出电影。

In the liberated³ areas, the founding of the Ya'ann Movie Group marks the starting point of the people's movie industry. This group shot valuable documentaries which included yan'an and the Eighth Route Army, Dr. Norman Bethune, and Nanniwan. In 1946, the Yan'an Movie Studio was founded and recorded part of the Liberation War. In October, the Northeast Movie Studio was established. Its main productions were seventeen newsreels entitled The Democratic Northeast.

在解放区，延安电影团的成立标志着人民电影事业的开始。先后拍摄了《延安与八路军》、《白求恩大夫》和《南泥湾》等一些价值很高的纪录片。1946年，延安电影制片厂成立，出品了一些解放战争的影片。10月，东北电影制片厂成立，主要作品为《民主东北》17部系列新闻片。

Many old progressive movies made before the founding of the People's Republic of China adopted the realistic style; therefore they reflect Chinese society and the lives of the people and show sympathy for the poor. Early movie-makers owned clear purpose of their work: to make movies which could entertain the ordinary people so that they managed to make the plot development, customs and habits , language and acting⁴ of their movies conform to the tastes of the audience. Obviously, the pioneers of China's progressive movies made great contributions to the development of China's movie industry.

建国前很多进步影片采用了现实主义形式，对中国社会、民生都有很大的影响力，这些影片都表达了对穷苦大众的同情。为了实现电影的创作目标一一一愉悦普通老百姓，早期电影工作者努力使情节发展、风俗习惯、语言、表演都能符合观众品位。中国进步电影的先驱们为中国电影事业的发展做出了巨大贡献。