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肥胖能让味觉变得迟钝
添加时间:2018-05-16 20:10:56 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • Obesity1 dulls the sense of taste, according to research that offers new insights into why some people enter a persistent2 cycle of weight gain.

    最新研究显示,肥胖会让味觉变得迟钝。这一发现对于了解为什么有些人会陷入体重增加的不断循环提供了新的思路。

    Researchers found that within eight weeks of becoming obese3, mice lost 25% of their taste buds. The findings suggest that weight gain not only changes appetite but may also fundamentally alter the way taste is perceived.

    研究人员发现,老鼠在变得肥胖的8周内失去了25%的味蕾。该发现表明,体重增加不仅会改变食欲,也可能从根本上改变味觉。

    "Obesity is by nature very complex," said Robin4 Dando, a food scientist at Cornell University in New York and senior author. "There are a bunch of different factors that contribute to our state of obesity -- we think a change to taste is one of those, and one that people don't tend to consider."

    美国康奈尔大学的食物专家罗宾·丹多称:“肥胖从本质上说是非常复杂的。造成肥胖的因素很多--我们认为味觉的改变是其中之一,也是人们往往忽视的一个因素。”

    The findings are the latest to push back against the assumption that people become obese because they love food more than the average person and so find it harder to resist. "I think liking5 food more may not be what's going on," said Dando.

    有观点认为,人们之所以变胖是因为他们比一般人更爱吃,更难抵御吃的诱惑。上述研究发现是反驳该观点的最新例证。丹多说:“我认为更爱吃可能不是真正的原因。”

    Several converging6 lines of evidence now suggest the reverse may be true.

    几条综合证据表明,情况可能恰恰相反。

    Studies of brain activity have found that people with higher body mass index appear to find pleasant tastes relatively7 less rewarding -- as measured by their brain response -- and so may need to eat more to obtain the same dopamine kick.

    对大脑活动的研究发现,身体质量指数较高的人似乎会觉得美味只能带来相对较少的奖励--根据他们的大脑反应来衡量--因此可能需要吃得更多才能获得同样水平的多巴胺。

    Other work has shown that people with dulled taste sensitivity tend to gravitate towards sweeter, fattier foods.

    其他的研究表明,对味觉迟钝的人倾向于吃更甜、更油腻的食物。

    The latest findings suggest obesity does not simply reprogramme taste perception at the psychological level.

    最新研究证实,肥胖并不只是简单地在心理层面上改变味觉。

    In the study, the mice were fed either a normal or a fatty diet. After eight weeks, the mice on the high-fat diet weighed about one third more. The scientists found they also had about 25% fewer taste buds than the lean mice.

    在这项研究中,老鼠被分成两组,分别喂食正常的食物或油腻的食物。8周后,吃高脂肪食物的老鼠的体重比吃正常食物的老鼠重了大约三分之一。科学家还发现,它们的味蕾比瘦老鼠少了大约25%。

    Taste buds comprise about 50 to 100 cells of three major types, with different roles in sensing the five primary tastes (salt, sweet, bitter, sour and umami). These cells have a rapid turnover8, living an average of just 10 days.

    味蕾由三大类大约50至100个细胞组成,在感知五味(咸、甜、苦、酸和鲜)时起着不同作用。这些细胞更新迅速,平均寿命仅10天。

    The findings suggest taste buds and their progenitor9 cells are particularly sensitive to damage from inflammatory chemicals that are raised in obesity, resulting in a rapid decline of the overall number.

    该研究发现,味蕾及其其祖细胞对于肥胖时增多的炎性化学物质的危害特别敏感,造成整体数量迅速减少。

    The study homed in on one specific inflammatory chemical that is elevated in obesity, called TNF-alpha, which acts as a messenger between the body's cells.

    研究锁定一种在肥胖时增多的炎性化学物质,它被称为肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-alpha),充当的是体细胞之间的信使。

    The scientists found that mice that had been engineered to be genetically10 incapable11 of making TNF-alpha did not experience any reduction in taste buds, despite gaining weight, suggesting this compound may be the culprit.

    科学家发现,经改造后使其基因没有能力制造TNF-alpha的老鼠,尽管体重增加,但是味蕾并没有减少,表明这种化合物可能就是罪魁祸首。

    The team now plan to assess whether the same process occurs in people. "We're certainly not identical to mice in our physiology12, but our taste buds work pretty similarly, and the same factors related to inflammation we think are responsible for taste loss are elevated when we become obese," said Dando.

    该研究小组现在计划评估人体是否会发生同样的情况。丹多说:“从生理上讲,我们当然跟老鼠不一样。但是我们的味蕾作用很相似,我们认为跟炎症有关的造成味觉丧失的同样的因子在我们变肥胖时会增多。”

    Dando said the findings could help devise new approaches to losing weight, with a greater focus on the influence of taste perception on what people eat.

    丹多称,这些研究结果可能有助于找到新的减肥方法,这些方法会更重视味觉对人们进食的东西的影响。

     10级    英文科普 


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    1 obesity [əʊ'bi:sətɪ] Dv1ya   第8级
    n.肥胖,肥大
    参考例句:
    • One effect of overeating may be obesity. 吃得过多能导致肥胖。
    • Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods. 糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。
    2 persistent [pəˈsɪstənt] BSUzg   第7级
    adj.坚持不懈的,执意的;持续的
    参考例句:
    • Albert had a persistent headache that lasted for three days. 艾伯特连续头痛了三天。
    • She felt embarrassed by his persistent attentions. 他不时地向她大献殷勤,使她很难为情。
    3 obese [əʊˈbi:s] uvIya   第8级
    adj.过度肥胖的,肥大的
    参考例句:
    • The old man is really obese, it can't be healthy. 那位老人确实过于肥胖了,不能算是健康。
    • Being obese and lazy is dangerous to health. 又胖又懒危害健康。
    4 robin [ˈrɒbɪn] Oj7zme   第10级
    n.知更鸟,红襟鸟
    参考例句:
    • The robin is the messenger of spring. 知更鸟是报春的使者。
    • We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin. 我们看见了一只知更鸟,知道春天要到了。
    5 liking [ˈlaɪkɪŋ] mpXzQ5   第7级
    n.爱好;嗜好;喜欢
    参考例句:
    • The word palate also means taste or liking. Palate这个词也有“口味”或“嗜好”的意思。
    • I must admit I have no liking for exaggeration. 我必须承认我不喜欢夸大其词。
    6 converging [kən'vɜ:dʒɪŋ] 23823b9401b4f5d440f61879a369ae50   第7级
    adj.收敛[缩]的,会聚的,趋同的v.(线条、运动的物体等)会于一点( converge的现在分词 );(趋于)相似或相同;人或车辆汇集;聚集
    参考例句:
    • Plants had gradually evolved along diverging and converging pathways. 植物是沿着趋异和趋同两种途径逐渐演化的。 来自辞典例句
    • This very slowly converging series was known to Leibniz in 1674. 这个收敛很慢的级数是莱布尼茨在1674年得到的。 来自辞典例句
    7 relatively [ˈrelətɪvli] bkqzS3   第8级
    adv.比较...地,相对地
    参考例句:
    • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia. 兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
    • The operation was relatively painless. 手术相对来说不痛。
    8 turnover [ˈtɜ:nəʊvə(r)] nfkzmg   第7级
    n.人员流动率,人事变动率;营业额,成交量
    参考例句:
    • The store greatly reduced the prices to make a quick turnover. 这家商店实行大减价以迅速周转资金。
    • Our turnover actually increased last year. 去年我们的营业额竟然增加了。
    9 progenitor [prəʊˈdʒenɪtə(r)] 2iiyD   第11级
    n.祖先,先驱
    参考例句:
    • He was also a progenitor of seven presidents of Nicaragua. 他也是尼加拉瓜7任总统的祖先。
    • Schoenberg was a progenitor of modern music. 勋伯格是一位现代音乐的先驱。
    10 genetically [dʒi'netikəli] Lgixo   第7级
    adv.遗传上
    参考例句:
    • All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
    • Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物
    11 incapable [ɪnˈkeɪpəbl] w9ZxK   第8级
    adj.无能力的,不能做某事的
    参考例句:
    • He would be incapable of committing such a cruel deed. 他不会做出这么残忍的事。
    • Computers are incapable of creative thought. 计算机不会创造性地思维。
    12 physiology [ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi] uAfyL   第8级
    n.生理学,生理机能
    参考例句:
    • He bought a book about physiology. 他买了一本生理学方面的书。
    • He was awarded the Nobel Prize for achievements in physiology. 他因生理学方面的建树而被授予诺贝尔奖。

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