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涨知识:牌坊
添加时间:2015-04-29 20:32:15 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • Memorial archway, different from either houses dwelled by humans or temples where gods are worshiped , is a unique kind of memorial architecture.

    牌坊又称牌楼,它不同于民居,民居是住人的;也不同于寺庙,寺庙是供神的;它是一种门洞式的、纪念性的独特的建筑物。

    Memorial archway derives1 from the Ling star Gate. The first emperor of the Han Dynasty stipulated2 that the Ling stare should be honored first when worshiping the heaven. Ling Star Gate, first built in 1028, was rebuilt in the Confucian temple later in honor of Confucius. It is considered that people offered sacrifice to the Ling Star in the Han Dynasty in order to pray for a fruitful year which has nothing to do with Confucius and then the Chinese character "灵" was turned into "棂" again. From the South Song Dynasty on, especially in Ming and Qing dynasties, the Ling Star Gate was not only built near the suburb4 altar and the Confucian temple, but also near ordinary temples, tombs, ancestral shrines5, office buildings, gardens or beside the streets and cross. It is not only used to worship heaven and Confucius, but also in praise of noble acts and chastity. The purpose of the construction of the memorial archway con3 be classified into three types: symbolic6 archway, archway of credit and morality,

    and archway of achievement.

    牌坊是由棋星门衍变而来的。提星原作灵星,灵星即天回星。汉高祖规定:祭天应先祭灵星。到宋仁宗天圣六年(1028),筑郊台(祭祀天地的建筑)外垣,设置灵星门。后移置于孔庙,用祭天的礼仪来尊重孔子。后来人们认为汉代祭祀灵星,是为了析求丰年,与孔庙元关。又改灵星为梗星。宋(南宋)元年以后,尤其是明清,这种建筑不仅置于郊坛、孔庙,还建于庙宇、陵基、祠堂、衙署和园林前或街旁、里前、路口。也不仅用于祭天、祀孔,还用于褒扬功德,施表节烈等等,于是灵星门不仅一变成为棋星门,而且再变为牌坊。牌坊就其建造意图来说,可分为兰类:一类为标志坊;二类为功德坊;三类是标志科举成就的。

    Memorial is a symbol of lofty honor in the feudal7 society. As act of archway an promotion8 of render of immortal9 fame the construction of memorial virtues10 and is the highest in people's lives. history of archway pursuit With a time-honored building up southern Anhui has many well-preserved memorial archway,archways enjoying equal reputation with the ancient shrines folk houses.

    在封建社会牌坊是崇高荣誉的象征。树牌坊是彰德行,沐皇恩,流芳百世之举,是人们一生的最高追求。在安徽省南部有着悠久的修建牌坊的历史,许多牌坊至今保存完好。牌坊是当地古代建筑的"三绝"之一,与古祠堂、古民居鼎足齐名。

     11级    英语故事 


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    1 derives [diˈraivz] c6c3177a6f731a3d743ccd3c53f3f460   第7级
    v.得到( derive的第三人称单数 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取
    参考例句:
    • English derives in the main from the common Germanic stock. 英语主要源于日耳曼语系。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • He derives his income from freelance work. 他以自由职业获取收入。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    2 stipulated [ˈstipjuleit] 5203a115be4ee8baf068f04729d1e207   第8级
    vt.& vi.规定;约定adj.[法]合同规定的
    参考例句:
    • A delivery date is stipulated in the contract. 合同中规定了交货日期。
    • Yes, I think that's what we stipulated. 对呀,我想那是我们所订定的。 来自辞典例句
    3 con [kɒn] WXpyR   第7级
    n.反对的观点,反对者,反对票,肺病;vt.精读,学习,默记;adv.反对地,从反面;adj.欺诈的
    参考例句:
    • We must be fair and consider the reason pro and con. 我们必须公平考虑赞成和反对的理由。
    • The motion is adopted non con. 因无人投反对票,协议被通过。
    4 suburb [ˈsʌbɜ:b] 8skwk   第7级
    n.郊区,郊外,近郊
    参考例句:
    • Toward the suburb the houses begin to thin out. 靠近市郊的地方房屋渐渐稀少。
    • Disneyland is in Los Angeles suburb. 迪斯尼游乐场在洛杉矶的近郊。
    5 shrines [ʃrainz] 9ec38e53af7365fa2e189f82b1f01792   第7级
    圣地,圣坛,神圣场所( shrine的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • All three structures dated to the third century and were tentatively identified as shrines. 这3座建筑都建于3 世纪,并且初步鉴定为神庙。
    • Their palaces and their shrines are tombs. 它们的宫殿和神殿成了墓穴。
    6 symbolic [sɪmˈbɒlɪk] ErgwS   第8级
    adj.象征性的,符号的,象征主义的
    参考例句:
    • It is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood. 它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。
    • The Christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act. 基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。
    7 feudal [ˈfju:dl] cg1zq   第8级
    adj.封建的,封地的,领地的
    参考例句:
    • Feudal rulers ruled over the country several thousand years. 封建统治者统治这个国家几千年。
    • The feudal system lasted for two thousand years in China. 封建制度在中国延续了两千年之久。
    8 promotion [prəˈməʊʃn] eRLxn   第7级
    n.提升,晋级;促销,宣传
    参考例句:
    • The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion. 教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
    • The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary. 那个职员升了级,加了薪。
    9 immortal [ɪˈmɔ:tl] 7kOyr   第7级
    adj.不朽的;永生的,不死的;神的
    参考例句:
    • The wild cocoa tree is effectively immortal. 野生可可树实际上是不会死的。
    • The heroes of the people are immortal! 人民英雄永垂不朽!
    10 virtues ['vɜ:tʃu:z] cd5228c842b227ac02d36dd986c5cd53   第7级
    美德( virtue的名词复数 ); 德行; 优点; 长处
    参考例句:
    • Doctors often extol the virtues of eating less fat. 医生常常宣扬少吃脂肪的好处。
    • She delivered a homily on the virtues of family life. 她进行了一场家庭生活美德方面的说教。

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