Whether you get hired for a new job, promoted, or reassigned to a new position, you will most likely have a new boss. Each time that happens, you must develop a new professional relationship with the person you rely on for direction, development, and future advancement¹. You need to quickly determine if this new boss is a good match for you and your career goals. But how can you tell? Try these five questions.

不管你是新找到了一份工作，升了职，还是被调到一个新的职位，你都可能会碰到个新上司。每当发生这样的情况时，为了你将来的人生方向和未来的发展，你必须和这个你与今后的发展息息相关的人建立新的关系。你需要迅速判断这位新上司是否和你以及你的事业目标相得益彰。但是你该怎么辨别呢?试试下面五个问题。

1. Does your boss showcase your work?

If you're not sure, you could ask him, "What leadership opportunities will I have in my job?" If he says something like, "There's only one leader here -- me," you may have what I call a "Suppressor² Boss." A boss who replies, "We're all leaders here; you'll be in charge of projects that need your expertise," will have no problem appreciating your role and contribution.

你的上司是否会让你表现?

如果你不确定的话，你可以问问他：“我在工作中有什么样的领导机会?”如果他的回答是像这样的“这个地方只有一个领导——那就是我”你可能就碰到了我说的“压制型的老板”。如果你的上司是这样回答的“在这里我们都是领导：你可以全权负责你擅长的项目。”那么，这样的上司就会欣赏你的作用和贡献。

2. Does your boss solve problems?

Try asking, "How should I escalate³ problems to you when I think you need to get involved?" If she insists you must solve your issue alone, then she could be a "Confounder Boss" who ignores problems, which makes them worse. A good boss might say, "Give me detailed⁴ examples; I'll determine the cause and work with managers at my level to correct the issues."

你的上司是否解决问题?

试着问问。“如果我认为一个问题涉及到你的话，我该如何将问题上交给你处理?”如果她坚持你必须独自解决问题，那么她就是一个忽视问题的糊涂上司，这会让问题更加严重。一个好的上司会这样说“告诉我详细的例子吧：我会找出原因，和那些与我同一层次的经理商量来解决问题”。

3. Does your boss let you complete your work?

When in doubt, try asking him or her when you can start handling tasks from start to finish. If the answer is, "I'm a hands-on manager; we do everything as a team," you've got trouble. This is a "Player Boss" who does parts of your job he likes and leaves problems for you. If you hear, "Tell me when you think you're ready; I'll give you guidelines⁵ and be available only when you need me," you'll know your boss trusts your skills.

你的上司是否会让你完成自己的工作?

如果有疑问的话，试着问问他/她你什么时候可以独立从头到尾跟一项任务。如果答案是“我是掌权的经理。我们做任何事情都是团体行动的。”那你就有麻烦了。这是典型的“演戏老板”，他会挑选你工作中他喜欢的部分来做，而将困难的问题留给你。如果你听到的是“当你准备好的时候告诉我一声。我会给你一些指导，并且只在你需要我的时候给你帮助。”这样你就能明白你的上司相信你的能力。

4. Does your boss listen to your suggestions?

If not, tell her that when she cuts you off you wonder if she values your opinion. A reply like, "I have the final word," could mean she's a "Manipulator⁶ Boss." A good boss will say something like, "I'm sorry, I wasn't aware I was doing that. Please bring it to my attention next time it happens." A good boss always listens attentively⁷.

你的上司是否听你的建议?

如果不听的话，告诉她当她否定你的意见时，你想知道她是否欣赏你的意见。如果回答是：“我有最终的决定权”，这就意味着她是“控制型上司”。一个好的上司会这样回答“对不起，我没注意到自己做了那样的事情。下次如果再发生的话，请提醒我注意。”一个好的上司总会聚精会神的倾听。

5. Does your boss treat you and your co-workers equally?

If you notice preferential treatment among your co-workers, try asking your boss, "What measurements will you use to evaluate my job performance?" If he says, "Every case is different; I use my judgment," he could be a "Dumbfounder Boss" who uses the wrong measures to evaluate job performance. A better answer, like, "Your work will be evaluated according to the documented standards we've already agreed upon," will signal your boss's fairness.

你的上司对待你和其他同事是否一样?

如果你注意到了有同事有受到优待，你可以试着问你的上司“你用什么样的标准评价我的工作表现?”如果他说“每个情况都不同，我自有我的标准”。那他可能就是“呆瓜上司”，他们用错误的标准评定工作表现。更好的答案应该是像这样的“你的工作表现是按照我们已经商定的并已成文的标准来评定的。”这样会显示你上司的公正。

Listening skills, problem-solving, a sense of fairness, and an ability to trust are just some of the hallmarks of a good boss. A good employee will learn to spot and appreciate those attributes, and then move toward building a mutually successful relationship.

倾听技巧，解决问题，公平感，值得信任都只是一位好上司的标志的一部分。一个好的员工应该学会发现并尊重上司的这些品质，然后努力建立成功的互动关系。