The development of brewing¹

酿酒的发展史

Generally speaking，the development of brewing technology in China falls into two stages.

一般来说，中国酿酒技术的发展分为两个时期。

The first stage that is of natural fermentation lasted thousands of years.

第一个时期是持续几千年的自然发酵。

The second stage began only with the Qing Dynasty (1616-1911)when the traditional fermentation underwent great changes due to the use of the Western technology, including micro biology and biochemistry.

第二个时期始于清朝，由于西方技术包括微生物和生物化学技术的使用，传统的发酵技术经历了巨大的改变。