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日本政府发布过劳死白皮书
添加时间:2016-10-11 19:18:53 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • Japan’s first government white paper on the still largely taboo1 phenomenon2 of death by overwork has revealed that a fifth of surveyed companies acknowledge their full-time3 staff works dangerously long hours.

    日本发布了有关过劳死这个仍属禁忌的现象的首份政府白皮书。该白皮书披露,五分之一的受访企业承认,自己的全职员工工作时间长到了危险的地步。

    The 280-page report — published almost three decades after Japan legally recognised death driven by overwork, known as karoshi — acknowledged that its contents made for bleak4 reading.

    该报告发布时,日本距离从法律上承认过劳死(即工作过度导致的死亡)现象已有近三十年。这份长280页的报告承认,这个问题形势严峻。

    Nearly 11 per cent of companies surveyed said they had full-time staff working at least 80 hours of overtime5 a month — a level which, by official acknowledgment, brings an increased risk of death from cardiovascular issues and other problems.

    近11%的受访企业表示,它们有全职员工每个月至少加班80个小时。官方承认,这样的加班水平会加大因心血管问题及其他问题死亡的风险。

    Almost 12 per cent of companies surveyed said they had staff working more than 100 hours of overtime a month.

    将近12%的受访企业表示,它们有员工每个月加班逾100小时。

    The white paper, which was forced into existence by a 2014 private member’s bill obliging the government take responsibility for preventing deaths and suicide through overwork, follows a year in which karoshi compensation claims surged to a record high of 1,456.

    这份白皮书是迫于2014年一份日本普通议员法案的要求发布的,该法案要求日本政府承担起防止过度工作导致死亡和自杀的责任。白皮书公布前的一年里,日本过劳死索赔案件数量达到了1456起的创纪录高点。

    Even then, say lawyers who have represented the families of victims, the issue is greatly understated and barely discussed.

    过劳死受害者家属的代理律师们表示,即使是那样,这个问题仍被大大淡化,几乎没人讨论。

    The survey had hoped to base its research on responses from 10,000 Japanese companies; in fact, it received replies from just 1,743.

    这次调查原本希望能获得1万家日本企业的回复并据此开展研究,事实上却只收到了1743家企业的回复。

    Government efforts have yet to bite, say labour groups.

    多个劳工组织表示,政府的努力仍未见效。

    Gentle slogans urging armies of reluctant salarymen let’s work shorter hours, or more practical measures such as turning office lights out at 7pm, are making no visible dent6 in a work culture that has devised few mechanisms7 for evaluating achievement beyond simply counting the hours worked.

    除了简单计算工时以外,日本的职场文化未能构想出什么其他的业绩评价机制。在这样的职场文化中,用让我们缩短工作时间这样不痛不痒的口号敦促不情愿的工薪人士减少加班、或者推出下午7点办公室关灯等更实际的举措,都没有产生明显成效。

    The fundamental problem, said Koichi Nakano, a political scholar at Tokyo’s Sophia University, is that neither the government nor the business sector8 is especially keen to inform workers of their rights and to uphold them.

    东京上智大学(Sophia University)政治学学者中野晃一表示,根本问题在于,政府和企业部门都不是很热心于让员工知晓自身权利和支持他们。

    At the heart of the issue is a deeply unenlightened but persistent9 attitude on the part of the government and management that regards selfless dedication10 to the company shown through long hours at the office as a prime virtue11?.?.?.?in reality it is arguably responsible for the steady decline of the Japanese corporate12 competitiveness, said Prof Nakano.

    中野晃一说:问题的核心在于政府和企业管理层非常落后又固执的态度,他们认为通过长时间呆在办公室展现出对企业的无私奉献是一种至高美德……事实上,可以说正是这种无私奉献导致日本企业竞争力逐步下降。

    Reported karoshi deaths in the 2015 financial year ending in March, published by the labour ministry13 in April, were concentrated on sectors14 such as social services and construction.

    今年4月日本厚生劳动省发布的数据显示,在截至今年3月的2015财年里,媒体报道的过劳死案例集中在社会服务和建筑等领域。

    These are on the front lines of Japan’s chronic15 labour shortage — itself a slow-burning crisis that derives16 from the country’s long-term demographic decline and historic resistance to large-scale immigration.

    这些都是日本长期劳动力短缺最严重的领域——劳动力短缺本身就是一场缓慢发酵的危机,它源于两点,一是就长期而言日本人口趋于下降,二是日本历史上一直抵制大规模引入移民。

    The survey underlying17 the new white paper found 44 per cent of IT companies admitted that some of their employees worked more than 80 hours of overtime a month.

    新白皮书所依据的调查发现,44%的IT公司承认,它们的一些员工每月加班超过80个小时。

    But the problem is more widespread.

    但这个问题存在于更普遍的领域。

    The publication of the white paper came just a week after a Tokyo labour standards office ruled that the suicide of young graduate recruit at the Dentsu advertising18 agency had been a case of karoshi.

    就在白皮书发布一周前,东京一个劳工标准办公室裁定,电通(Dentsu)广告公司的一名刚毕业不久的年轻新员工自杀,属于过劳死案例。

    The family of Matsuri Takahashi, 24, said she took her life after racking up 105 hours of monthly overtime.

    24岁的Matsuri Takahashi的家人表示,她在月加班时间超过105个小时后结束了自己的生命。

    She had worked in Dentsu’s digital advertising division — the unit at the centre of a developing scandal that involved overcharging clients, and which Dentsu blamed on staff shortages.

    她在电通的数字广告部门工作,该部门目前正处于一桩仍在发酵之中的、涉及多收客户费用的丑闻的核心。电通将丑闻所涉情况归咎于人手短缺。

    Across the full- and part-time workforce19, the average hours worked by individuals are falling very slightly, said the white paper, but that includes the rising cohorts of part time workers.

    白皮书称,综合来看,全职和兼职员工的平均个人工作时长略有下降,但这其中有兼职劳动者数量日益增多的因素。

    Among full-time staffers, on whom karoshi-generating pressures fall most heavily, approximately 21 per cent of Japanese work an average of at least 49 or more hours a week — far above the 12.5 per cent and 16 per cent rates reported in Britain and the US respectively.

    全职员工是承受导致过劳死的压力最严重的。日本约21%的全职员工平均每周至少工作49小时,远远高于英国(12.5%)和美国(16%)的比例。

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    1 taboo [təˈbu:] aqBwg   第8级
    n.禁忌,禁止接近,禁止使用;adj.禁忌的;v.禁忌,禁制,禁止
    参考例句:
    • The rude words are taboo in ordinary conversation. 这些粗野的字眼在日常谈话中是禁忌的。
    • Is there a taboo against sex before marriage in your society? 在你们的社会里,婚前的性行为犯禁吗?
    2 phenomenon [fəˈnɒmɪnən] DNQxo   第8级
    n.现象,特殊的人,特殊的事物,奇迹
    参考例句:
    • Beethoven was a phenomenon among many musicians. 贝多芬是众多的音乐家中的天才。
    • How do you explain this phenomenon? 这种现象怎样解释?
    3 full-time [ˈfʊlˈtaɪm] SsBz42   第8级
    adj.满工作日的或工作周的,全时间的
    参考例句:
    • A full-time job may be too much for her. 全天工作她恐怕吃不消。
    • I don't know how she copes with looking after her family and doing a full-time job. 既要照顾家庭又要全天工作,我不知道她是如何对付的。
    4 bleak [bli:k] gtWz5   第7级
    adj.(天气)阴冷的;凄凉的;暗淡的
    参考例句:
    • They showed me into a bleak waiting room. 他们引我来到一间阴冷的会客室。
    • The company's prospects look pretty bleak. 这家公司的前景异常暗淡。
    5 overtime [ˈəʊvətaɪm] aKqxn   第7级
    adj.超时的,加班的;adv.加班地
    参考例句:
    • They are working overtime to finish the work. 为了完成任务他们正在加班加点地工作。
    • He was paid for the overtime he worked. 他领到了加班费。
    6 dent [dent] Bmcz9   第10级
    n.凹痕,凹坑;初步进展
    参考例句:
    • I don't know how it came about but I've got a dent in the rear of my car. 我不知道是怎么回事,但我的汽车后部有了一个凹痕。
    • That dent is not big enough to be worth hammering out. 那个凹陷不大,用不着把它锤平。
    7 mechanisms ['mekənɪzəmz] d0db71d70348ef1c49f05f59097917b8   第7级
    n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 );机械装置;[生物学] 机制;机械作用
    参考例句:
    • The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    8 sector [ˈsektə(r)] yjczYn   第7级
    n.部门,部分;防御地段,防区;扇形
    参考例句:
    • The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
    • The enemy have attacked the British sector. 敌人已进攻英国防区。
    9 persistent [pəˈsɪstənt] BSUzg   第7级
    adj.坚持不懈的,执意的;持续的
    参考例句:
    • Albert had a persistent headache that lasted for three days. 艾伯特连续头痛了三天。
    • She felt embarrassed by his persistent attentions. 他不时地向她大献殷勤,使她很难为情。
    10 dedication [ˌdedɪˈkeɪʃn] pxMx9   第9级
    n.奉献,献身,致力,题献,献辞
    参考例句:
    • We admire her courage, compassion and dedication. 我们钦佩她的勇气、爱心和奉献精神。
    • Her dedication to her work was admirable. 她对工作的奉献精神可钦可佩。
    11 virtue [ˈvɜ:tʃu:] BpqyH   第7级
    n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力
    参考例句:
    • He was considered to be a paragon of virtue. 他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
    • You need to decorate your mind with virtue. 你应该用德行美化心灵。
    12 corporate [ˈkɔ:pərət] 7olzl   第7级
    adj.共同的,全体的;公司的,企业的
    参考例句:
    • This is our corporate responsibility. 这是我们共同的责任。
    • His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail. 他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。
    13 ministry [ˈmɪnɪstri] kD5x2   第7级
    n.(政府的)部;牧师
    参考例句:
    • They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain. 他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
    • We probed the Air Ministry statements. 我们调查了空军部的报告。
    14 sectors ['sektəs] 218ffb34fa5fb6bc1691e90cd45ad627   第7级
    n.部门( sector的名词复数 );领域;防御地区;扇形
    参考例句:
    • Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
    15 chronic [ˈkrɒnɪk] BO9zl   第7级
    adj.(疾病)长期未愈的,慢性的;极坏的
    参考例句:
    • Famine differs from chronic malnutrition. 饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
    • Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition. 慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。
    16 derives [diˈraivz] c6c3177a6f731a3d743ccd3c53f3f460   第7级
    v.得到( derive的第三人称单数 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取
    参考例句:
    • English derives in the main from the common Germanic stock. 英语主要源于日耳曼语系。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • He derives his income from freelance work. 他以自由职业获取收入。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    17 underlying [ˌʌndəˈlaɪɪŋ] 5fyz8c   第7级
    adj.在下面的,含蓄的,潜在的
    参考例句:
    • The underlying theme of the novel is very serious. 小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
    • This word has its underlying meaning. 这个单词有它潜在的含义。
    18 advertising [ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ] 1zjzi3   第7级
    n.广告业;广告活动 adj.广告的;广告业务的
    参考例句:
    • Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
    • The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。
    19 workforce [ˈwɜ:kfɔ:s] workforce   第8级
    n.劳动大军,劳动力
    参考例句:
    • A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture. 劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
    • A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed. 本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。

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