Clay Figure Modeling

泥塑代表

Clay figure modelling varies with localities in technology, styles and subject matter. For example,the longstanding painted clay work from Fengxiang, Shanxi has to go through over ten steps in the whole process. They include moulding the clay, turning over the base,gluing into the designed shape, polishing, painting, outlining, coloring, glossing¹, and so on. As a result, painted clay figures made in Fengxiang are very much loved for their bright color,vivid shape,dramatic composition and bold style. The main clay work includes tigers，five poisonous creatures (scorpion, viper², centipede, house lizard³ and toad), crouching⁴ cow, zodiac animals (the twelve symbolic⁵ animals used to denote the year of one's birth),toys,legendary figures like the eight immortals，and characters in the Three Kingdoms and Pilgrimage to the West. The famed clay figures produced in Wuxi fall into two types：the coarse,and the refined. The former is characterized by unsophisticated composition out of moulded shape,and bright color from hand painting with the theme of good fortune and happiness. The latter is made by kneading the clay with hands into sophisticated figures based on the wonderful scenes in Beijing opera or Kun opera. With each being a wonder,the refined clay figures are unique works of art created with painstaking⁶ effort. Other influential⁷ clay figure producers are Gaomi of Shandong,Beigou of Hebei,and Xunxian of Henan.

彩绘泥塑人物造型随着地方不同在技术，风格和题材上也不同。例如，凤翔和陕西的长期彩绘泥塑作品，在整个过程要经过超过十个步骤。它们包括制作模，翻转底座，粘合设计形状，抛光，涂漆，描绘轮廓，着色，上光，等等。事实上，凤翔的彩绘泥塑人物都非常受欢迎因为它们的色泽鲜艳，造型生动，戏剧性的成分和大胆的风格。主要的粘土艺术品包括老虎，五毒生物（蝎子，毒蛇，蜈蚣，壁虎和蟾蜍），蹲牛，十二生肖（用来表示一个人的出生年份的十二个象征性的动物），玩具，传说中的人物像八仙，三国演绎和西游记中的人物。在无锡生产的著名的陶俑分为两类：粗的和精致的。前者的特点是单纯的成型造型，没有亮丽的色彩和手画，只有吉祥与幸福的主题。后者是通过双手揉捏成型，以京剧或昆曲复杂的精彩场面的为基础粘制成。每次奇迹的诞生，精制泥人苦心孤诣创造的独一无二的艺术品。其他有影响力的泥人产地是山东的高密，河北的北沟，河南和浚县。