犹太教－基督教和伊斯兰教传统中最早的人类夫妇。关于创造亚当和夏娃的经过，〈创世记〉上有两种叙述。第一种说法是上帝在创世的第六天“照着自己的形象造男造女”。第二种说法是上帝把伊甸园（Garden of Eden）交给亚当掌管，并取下他的一根肋骨，他创造了伴侣夏娃。后来夏娃受引诱吃了善恶禁果，上帝随即惩罚了他们∶自此他们及后世皆须被迫辛勤工作以维生。他们的孩子是该隐和亚伯（Cain and Abel）。基督教神学家以亚当和夏娃的故事为基础，发展了原罪（original sin）理论。而《可兰经》则教导人们亚当的罪仅仅是他一人之罪，并不使所有人都成罪人。

In the Judeo-Christian¹ and Islamic traditions， the parents of the human race. Genesis gives two versions of their creation. In the first， God creates “male and female in his own image” on the sixth day. In the second， Adam is placed in the Garden of Eden， and Eve is later created from his rib² to ease his loneliness. For succumbing³ to temptation and eating the fruit of the forbidden tree of knowledge of good and evil， God banished⁴ them from Eden， and they and their descendants were forced to live lives of hardship. Cain and Abel were their children. Christian theologians developed the doctrine⁵ of original sin based on the story of their transGREssion⁶； in contrast， the Quran teaches that Adam's sin was his alone and did not make all people sinners.