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以全球视角关注粮食短缺问题
添加时间:2017-04-23 19:33:57 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • This week’s declaration of famine in parts of South Sudan shows that while lettuce1 and courgette shortages in Europe captured media attention, it is important to keep things in perspective. The rest of the world continues to fight lasting2 food imbalances caused by extreme weather, wars and regime changes, and other geopolitical shocks.

    南苏丹部分地区最近宣布遭遇饥荒表明,在欧洲的莴苣和小胡瓜短缺广受媒体关注之际,我们有必要清醒地面对现实。世界其他地区还在继续与极端天气、战争、政权更迭及其他地缘政治冲击造成的持续性食物短缺抗争。

    In the 20th century, 70m-80m people died as a result of major famines. Before 1965, 66m people died because of nine famines in the then Soviet3 Union, India and China, notably4 in Mao Zedong’s “Great Leap Forward”. But in the latter part of the century, food crises became more concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa; 34 out of 65 famines were in this region.

    上世纪,大饥荒导致了7000万至8000万人口死亡。1965年前,约6600万人死于在当时的苏联、印度、中国爆发的9场大饥荒,尤其是在毛泽东发动的“大跃进”期间。但在20世纪后半叶,粮食危机更集中地出现在撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲地区;全球65次饥荒中有34次发生在这一地区。

    However, the scale of individual famines has steadily5 diminished thanks to better infrastructure6, increased international intervention7 and the use of genetically8 modified crops.

    然而,因为有了更好的基础设施、更多国际干预以及转基因作物的利用,单次饥荒的规模已经大幅减小。

    Vulnerability to famine has been virtually eliminated in the rest of the world, with the exception of North Korea. Hunger also continues to take its toll9 in South Asia while Latin America has the most successful record in the developing world in increasing food security.

    除了朝鲜之外,世界其他地区对饥荒的脆弱性几乎已经消失。饥饿仍在南亚造成人口死亡,而拉美在提高粮食安全方面拥有发展中世界最成功的纪录。

    Yet problems persist. Some 795m people suffer from chronic10 undernourishment, including 780m in developing countries. Although there has been improvement, the least progress has been made in Sub-Saharan countries, where more than one-in-four remain undernourished.

    然而,问题依然存在。全球约7.95亿人正遭受慢性营养不良,其中7.8亿居于发展中国家。虽然有所改善,但撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲国家取得的进步最少,这些国家超过四分之一的人口仍处于营养不良状态。

    Venezuela is still in the grip of a worsening crisis of food shortages, political repression11 and crippling price rises, teetering on the brink12 of hyperinflation. Polls show most Venezuelans believe the country is mismanaged as they confront daily shortages of food and medicine, rising crime and triple-digit inflation. Venezuela imports almost everything, paid for with shrinking oil revenues.

    委内瑞拉仍深陷一场不断恶化的危机——食物短缺、政治镇压、物价暴涨——即将坠入恶性通胀。民调显示,多数委内瑞拉人认为是这个国家管理不善,导致他们不得不面对日常食物和药品短缺、犯罪率上升和高达三位数的通胀。委内瑞拉几乎一切都需要进口,靠不断萎缩的石油收入支付。

    This week a famine was declared in parts of South Sudan, the first to be announced in any part of the world in six years. The government and the UN report that some 100,000 people are facing starvation, with a million more on the brink of famine caused by civil war and economic collapse13.

    最近,南苏丹部分地区宣布遭遇饥荒,这是6年来全球首个宣布遭遇饥荒的地区。南苏丹政府和联合国报告称,约10万人正面临饥荒,还有100万人处于内战和经济崩溃造成的饥荒的边缘。

    Aid agencies, including the UN World Food Programme, and the children’s fund Unicef, said that 4.9m people — more than 40 per cent of South Sudan’s population — urgently need food.

    包括联合国世界粮食计划署(UN World Food Programme)和联合国儿童基金会(Unicef)在内的援助机构表示,约490万人(超过南苏丹人口的40%)亟需食物。

    To confront global imbalances in the long term, the World Bank says the world needs to produce 50 per cent more food to feed 9bn people by 2050, but climate change could cut crop yields by over 25 per cent. It says land, biodiversity, oceans, forests and other forms of natural capital are being depleted14 at unprecedented15 rates.

    要从长远角度应对全球失衡,世界银行(World Bank)称,到2050年,全世界需要多生产50%的粮食来养活90亿人口,但气候变化可能使农作物减产25%。世行表示,土地、生物多样性、海洋、森林和其他形式的自然资源正在以前所未有的速度耗尽。

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    1 lettuce [ˈletɪs] C9GzQ   第7级
    n.莴苣;生菜
    参考例句:
    • Get some lettuce and tomatoes so I can make a salad. 买些莴苣和西红柿,我好做色拉。
    • The lettuce is crisp and cold. 莴苣松脆爽口。
    2 lasting [ˈlɑ:stɪŋ] IpCz02   第7级
    adj.永久的,永恒的;vbl.持续,维持
    参考例句:
    • The lasting war debased the value of the dollar. 持久的战争使美元贬值。
    • We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles. 我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。
    3 Soviet [ˈsəʊviət] Sw9wR   第8级
    adj.苏联的,苏维埃的;n.苏维埃
    参考例句:
    • Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union. 朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
    • Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941. 德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。
    4 notably [ˈnəʊtəbli] 1HEx9   第8级
    adv.值得注意地,显著地,尤其地,特别地
    参考例句:
    • Many students were absent, notably the monitor. 许多学生缺席,特别是连班长也没来。
    • A notably short, silver-haired man, he plays basketball with his staff several times a week. 他个子明显较为矮小,一头银发,每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。
    5 steadily ['stedɪlɪ] Qukw6   第7级
    adv.稳定地;不变地;持续地
    参考例句:
    • The scope of man's use of natural resources will steadily grow. 人类利用自然资源的广度将日益扩大。
    • Our educational reform was steadily led onto the correct path. 我们的教学改革慢慢上轨道了。
    6 infrastructure [ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)] UbBz5   第7级
    n.下部构造,下部组织,基础结构,基础设施
    参考例句:
    • We should step up the development of infrastructure for research. 加强科学基础设施建设。
    • We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture. 加强文化基础设施建设,发展各类群众文化。
    7 intervention [ˌɪntə'venʃn] e5sxZ   第7级
    n.介入,干涉,干预
    参考例句:
    • The government's intervention in this dispute will not help. 政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
    • Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention. 许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。
    8 genetically [dʒi'netikəli] Lgixo   第7级
    adv.遗传上
    参考例句:
    • All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
    • Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物
    9 toll [təʊl] LJpzo   第7级
    n.过路(桥)费;损失,伤亡人数;v.敲(钟)
    参考例句:
    • The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night. 昨晚那场冰雹严重损坏了我们村的庄稼。
    • The war took a heavy toll of human life. 这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。
    10 chronic [ˈkrɒnɪk] BO9zl   第7级
    adj.(疾病)长期未愈的,慢性的;极坏的
    参考例句:
    • Famine differs from chronic malnutrition. 饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
    • Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition. 慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。
    11 repression [rɪˈpreʃn] zVyxX   第7级
    n.镇压,抑制,抑压
    参考例句:
    • The repression of your true feelings is harmful to your health. 压抑你的真实感情有害健康。
    • This touched off a new storm against violent repression. 这引起了反对暴力镇压的新风暴。
    12 brink [brɪŋk] OWazM   第9级
    n.(悬崖、河流等的)边缘,边沿
    参考例句:
    • The tree grew on the brink of the cliff. 那棵树生长在峭壁的边缘。
    • The two countries were poised on the brink of war. 这两个国家处于交战的边缘。
    13 collapse [kəˈlæps] aWvyE   第7级
    vi.累倒;昏倒;倒塌;塌陷
    参考例句:
    • The country's economy is on the verge of collapse. 国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
    • The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse. 工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。
    14 depleted [dɪ'plɪtɪd] 31d93165da679292f22e5e2e5aa49a03   第8级
    adj. 枯竭的, 废弃的 动词deplete的过去式和过去分词
    参考例句:
    • Food supplies were severely depleted. 食物供应已严重不足。
    • Both teams were severely depleted by injuries. 两个队都因队员受伤而实力大减。
    15 unprecedented [ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd] 7gSyJ   第8级
    adj.无前例的,新奇的
    参考例句:
    • The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths. 这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
    • A flood of this sort is really unprecedented. 这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。

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