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MP3格式正式宣告终结
添加时间:2017-05-21 19:00:08 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • Now, 22 years later, the MP3 truly is dead, according to the people who invented it.

    22年后的今天,MP3格式的发明者宣布了它的正式终结。

    The Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits, a division of the state-funded German research institution that bankrolled the MP3's development in the late '80s, recently announced that its "licensing1 program for certain MP3 related patents and software of Technicolor and Fraunhofer IIS has been terminated."

    MP3诞生于上世纪80年代末,由德国国立研究机构夫琅和费集成电路研究所资助研发。近日,该研究所宣布“特艺集团和夫琅和费集成电路研究所已经终止了某些MP3相关专利的授权”。

    Bernhard Grill2, director of that Fraunhofer division and one of the principals in the development of the MP3, told NPR over email that another audio format3, AAC — or "Advanced Audio Coding," which his organization also helped create — is now the "de facto standard for music download and videos on mobile phones." He said AAC is "more efficient than MP3 and offers a lot more functionality."

    夫琅和费集成电路研究所主任伯恩哈德·格里尔和MP3的一位研发负责人,在一封寄给NPR的邮件中表示,研究所发明的另一种音频格式高级音频编码(ACC)已经成为了手机下载音乐和视频等内容的标准,ACC格式拥有更高的效率和更强大的功能。

    As Stephen Witt illustrates4 throughout his excellent opening chapters in Witt's How Music Got Free, the MP3, before upending the musical world as we knew it, almost died in the research lab.

    史蒂芬·维特在《音乐是怎么变得免费的》开篇中写道,早在MP3颠覆整个音乐产业之前,它就已经死在了实验室里。

    The team of engineers that invented the format was attempting to make it possible to send audio over telephone lines, which could only transmit small amounts of data. Fraunhofer — in competing for the legitimacy5 it needed to persuade tech companies to actually use MP3s, and so actually make money.

    研发MP3格式的工程师团队最初试图要让音频格式通过电话线传输--我们知道它的传输速率非常慢--争取到合法性后再将其卖给技术公司,以获得收益。

    It was repeatedly beleaguered6 by clever corporate7 sabotage8 and later by piracy9.

    可惜这些努力总是被盗版等诸多问题所阻挠。

    Other failures hinged on the need for the world to catch up with the technology's possibilities: Along the way, one computer engineer on the team had a patent for a music streaming service denied by the German government because it was technologically10 absurd at the time.

    另外,MP3格式的开发团队在把握技术态势上也显得无所适从。实验室的一位工程师在当时就提出了音乐流媒体服务的构想,却遭到了德国有关部门的驳回,因为这在当时看来就是天方夜谭。

    In early 1995, the format was on life support, with one licensing deal being the use of the technology by hockey arenas11 across the U.S. (That spring meeting in which the MP3 was declared dead came months later, after another failed pitch that denied it being standardized12 and widely adopted.)

    早在1995年,MP3格式开始了自己的生命周期,它首先被应用在美国的冰球球场上。然而它的生命周期其实只有一年,因为各种各样的错误,研究者们始终未能使MP3格式标准化和广泛接受。

    A little later, Fraunhofer began giving away the software that consumers needed to turn compact discs into MP3s at home. The rest is recent history.

    之后,研究所决定向消费者免费赠送软件,鼓励用户将压缩磁盘上的歌曲转存到家用电脑MP3文件中,从此这一格式便得以广泛传播。

    And it's not just that more efficient and complete ways of storing music have been developed. There was a deeper problem.

    尽管MP3比其他存储音乐的方式更加高效,但还有一个严重的问题。

    The engineers who developed the MP3 were working with incomplete information about how our brains process sonic information, and so the MP3 itself was working on false assumptions about how holistically13 we hear.

    MP3的开发者们在进行研发的时候,并没有完全把握了大脑处理声音信息的知识。因此,MP3错误地抛弃了许多必要的信息量。

    As psychoacoustic research has evolved, so has the technology that we use to listen. New audio formats14 and products, with richer information, are arriving.

    随着心理声学研究的进步,相关技术也不断完备,新的音频格式和产品层出不穷,它们承载着更丰富的信息量。

    So is it the end of an era? We may still use MP3s, but AAC is indeed much better — it's the default setting for iTunes now — and other formats are even better than it, though they also take up mountains of space on our hard drives.

    那么,MP3时代是否结束了?实际上,我们仍然可以使用MP3。然而,作为iTunes默认格式的ACC确实更好一些。虽然其他的一些格式可能比ACC格式更好,但是却可能占用我们大量的硬盘空间。

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    1 licensing ['laɪsnsɪŋ] 7352ce0b4e0665659ae6466c18decb2a   第7级
    v.批准,许可,颁发执照( license的现在分词 )
    参考例句:
    • A large part of state regulation consists of occupational licensing. 大部分州的管理涉及行业的特许批准。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
    • That licensing procedures for projects would move faster. 这样的工程批准程序一定会加快。 来自辞典例句
    2 grill [grɪl] wQ8zb   第8级
    n.烤架,铁格子,烤肉;v.烧,烤,严加盘问
    参考例句:
    • Put it under the grill for a minute to brown the top. 放在烤架下烤一分钟把上面烤成金黄色。
    • I'll grill you some mutton. 我来给你烤一些羊肉吃。
    3 format [ˈfɔ:mæt] giJxb   第7级
    n.设计,版式;[计算机]格式,DOS命令:格式化(磁盘);vt.&vi使格式化,设计,安排
    参考例句:
    • Please format this floppy disc. 请将这张软盘格式化。
    • The format of the figure is very tasteful. 该图表的格式很雅致。
    4 illustrates [ˈiləstreits] a03402300df9f3e3716d9eb11aae5782   第7级
    给…加插图( illustrate的第三人称单数 ); 说明; 表明; (用示例、图画等)说明
    参考例句:
    • This historical novel illustrates the breaking up of feudal society in microcosm. 这部历史小说是走向崩溃的封建社会的缩影。
    • Alfred Adler, a famous doctor, had an experience which illustrates this. 阿尔弗莱德 - 阿德勒是一位著名的医生,他有过可以说明这点的经历。 来自中级百科部分
    5 legitimacy [lɪ'dʒɪtɪməsɪ] q9tzJ   第11级
    n.合法,正当
    参考例句:
    • The newspaper was directly challenging the government's legitimacy. 报纸直接质疑政府的合法性。
    • Managing from the top down, we operate with full legitimacy. 我们进行由上而下的管理有充分的合法性。
    6 beleaguered [bɪˈli:gəd] 91206cc7aa6944d764745938d913fa79   第10级
    adj.受到围困[围攻]的;包围的v.围攻( beleaguer的过去式和过去分词);困扰;骚扰
    参考例句:
    • The beleaguered party leader was forced to resign. 那位饱受指责的政党领导人被迫辞职。
    • We are beleaguered by problems. 我们被许多困难所困扰。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    7 corporate [ˈkɔ:pərət] 7olzl   第7级
    adj.共同的,全体的;公司的,企业的
    参考例句:
    • This is our corporate responsibility. 这是我们共同的责任。
    • His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail. 他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。
    8 sabotage [ˈsæbətɑ:ʒ] 3Tmzz   第8级
    n.怠工,破坏活动,破坏;v.从事破坏活动,妨害,破坏
    参考例句:
    • They tried to sabotage my birthday party. 他们企图破坏我的生日晚会。
    • The fire at the factory was caused by sabotage. 那家工厂的火灾是有人蓄意破坏引起的。
    9 piracy [ˈpaɪrəsi] 9N3xO   第9级
    n.海盗行为,剽窃,著作权侵害
    参考例句:
    • The government has already adopted effective measures against piracy. 政府已采取有效措施惩治盗版行为。
    • They made the place a notorious centre of piracy. 他们把这地方变成了臭名昭著的海盗中心。
    10 technologically [ˌteknəu'lɔdʒikəli] WqpwY   第7级
    ad.技术上地
    参考例句:
    • Shanghai is a technologically advanced city. 上海是中国的一个技术先进的城市。
    • Many senior managers are technologically illiterate. 许多高级经理都对技术知之甚少。
    11 arenas [əˈri:nəz] 199b9126e4f57770e1c427caf458ae03   第7级
    表演场地( arena的名词复数 ); 竞技场; 活动或斗争的场所或场面; 圆形运动场
    参考例句:
    • Demolition derbies are large-scale automobile rodeos that take place in big arenas. 撞车比赛指的是在很大的竞技场上举行的大型汽车驾驶技术表演。
    • Are there areas of privacy in the most public of arenas? 在绝大部分公开的场合中存在需要保护隐私的领域吗?
    12 standardized ['stændəˌdaizd] 8hHzgs   第8级
    adj.标准化的
    参考例句:
    • We use standardized tests to measure scholastic achievement. 我们用标准化考试来衡量学生的学业成绩。
    • The parts of an automobile are standardized. 汽车零件是标准化了的。
    13 holistically [] 31dd6c76cb429811417919b2d65a52ec   第12级
    adv.holistic(整体的,全盘的)的副词形式
    参考例句:
    • Menu items and dialogs, when they are translated, to be considered holistically. 在翻译菜单项和对话框时,需要全盘考虑,确保翻译的界面保持整体的一致性很重要。 来自互联网
    • If we examine this entity holistically, we can discover how incredible it really is. 如果我们整体检查这实体,我们可以发现它真的是多么让人难以置信。 来自互联网
    14 formats ['fɔ:mæts] 57e77c4c0b351cea2abb4e8b0042b074   第7级
    n.(出版物的)版式( format的名词复数 );[电视]电视节目的总安排(或计划)
    参考例句:
    • They are producing books in all kinds of different formats. 他们出版各种不同开本的书籍。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • A true GUI includes standard formats for representing text and graphics. 真正的图形用户界面包括表示文字和图形的标准格式。 来自互联网

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