The data on drinking alcohol while pregnant is problematic

有关孕期喝酒的数据令人担忧

Yes, the Mayo Clinic writes that "there is no amount of alcohol that's known to be safe to consume during pregnancy¹," and the CDC would echo that "[a]ny amount of alcohol during pregnancy is harmful." But it's fascinating looking at the research.

是的，梅奥诊所写道"怀孕期间喝酒是不安全的，无论喝多少，"且疾病预防与控制中心也回应道"孕期饮酒有害健康。"但以往关于这方面的研究还是很有意思的。

As recently as 1977, public health officials suggested that expectant mothers have no more than two alcoholic² beverages³ daily, writes Garbes. By 1981, the surgeon general was recommending that even those considering becoming pregnant abstain⁴ completely. Because testing the effect of alcohol on pregnant women is unethical, it's difficult to discern whether, say, a drink a week actually has a negative effect on a fetus⁵.

早在1977年，公共卫生官员就已经表示：准妈妈每天饮酒不应超过2杯，加尔贝斯写道。到了1981年，外科医生建议，打算怀孕的女性也应该滴酒不沾。因为检测酒精对孕妇的影响是不道德的，所以很难辨别每周一杯酒是否会对胎儿造成负面影响。

Garbes notes that author Emily Oster, an economist⁶, examined the original research, and found what she called "overinterpretation of flawed studies." Oster-who is not, it's worth mentioning, a physician-concluded that occasionally drinking alcohol was probably fine.

加尔贝斯指出经济学家、作家艾米丽·奥斯特查看了初始研究，发现了她所称之为的"有缺陷研究的过度解读。"值得一提的是，奥斯特并不是一名医生，她总结道：偶尔喝酒可能并无大碍。

This is a personal choice, and it's worth reiterating⁷ that many doctors, including The American Academy of Pediatrics, recommend against drinking any alcohol at all.

这取决于个人选择，但值得重申的是：很多医生，包括美国儿科学会，都建议不要饮酒。

Constant caretaking can shorten labor and lower C-section rates

持续照料可缩短分娩时间、降低剖腹产的几率

Doulas-people, typically women, certified⁸ by an international association who provide support throughout pregnancy and labor-have been having real, positive effects on birth, studies show. Garbes writes that "continuous, nonjudgmental labor support and care" can produce lower C-section rates, less use of pain medications, and shorter births, by 40 minutes on average.

研究表明：助产婆--通常是女性，由国际协会颁发证书，能在孕妇怀孕和分娩期间提供支持--真的能为分娩过程带来积极影响。加尔贝斯写道，"持续的、客观的分娩支持和照料"能降低剖腹产的几率、减少止痛药的使用、缩短分娩时间（平均缩短40分钟）。

"Due dates are bullsh*t"

"预产期都是骗人的"

Garbes cites the American Pregnancy Association in that only about 5% of babies emerge on their estimated due dates. Five percent! It feels about as likely as winning The Price is Right. She suggests it'd be more accurate to anticipate a four-week window for a baby's arrival.

加尔贝斯引用美国怀孕协会的说法，只有5%的宝宝是在预产期内出生的。只有5%啊！就像在赢价格竞猜游戏一样。她建议道，预产期前后四周内，宝宝出生的几率更大。

Don't say, "You can try again." Say, "You will recover."

不要说"你可以再生一个。"请说"你会恢复的。"

Though it may be tempting⁹ to offer a woman who has miscarried the encouragement that she can try again, writes Garbes, one should instead tell a patient that she can recover and work through her loss. For a woman who has just miscarried, the last thing she might want to consider is trying again.

尽管你很想给流产者一些鼓励，比如说"你还可以再生的，"加尔贝斯写道，但实际上，我们应该对病人说"你会从丧子之痛中恢复过来的"。因为对于刚刚流产的女性而言，她们最不想考虑再生一个。