The Mariana Trench¹ is the deepest known part of the Earth's oceans, located in the western Pacific Ocean. Its deepest point, Challenger Deep, reaches approximately 10,984 meters (36,037 feet) below sea level—deeper than Mount Everest is tall. The trench spans about 2,550 kilometers (1,580 miles) in length and is named after the nearby Mariana Islands.

Formed by the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Mariana Plate, this extreme environment features immense pressure (over 1,000 atmospheres), near-freezing temperatures, and complete darkness. Despite these conditions, unique species like snailfish, giant amphipods, and microbial life thrive there.

Human exploration of the trench includes the 1960 Trieste dive and James Cameron's 2012 solo mission. The trench remains² a focal point for scientific research on geology, extremophiles, and Earth's tectonic processes.

马里亚纳海沟（Mariana Trench）是地球已知的海洋最深处，位于西太平洋。其最深处挑战者深渊（Challenger Deep）深度约10,984米（珠穆朗玛峰高度仅为8,848米），海沟全长约2,550公里，因邻近的马里亚纳群岛得名。

它由太平洋板块俯冲至马里亚纳板块下方形成，环境极端：压力超 1,000个大气压、接近冰点的温度且无光。尽管如此，仍有独特生物如狮子鱼、巨型端足类动物和微生物存活。

人类探索包括1960年的里雅斯特号深潜及2012年詹姆斯·卡梅隆的单人下潜。该海沟仍是研究地质、极端生物和板块运动的重要地点。