The Mariana Trench¹ in the western Pacific Ocean is the deepest known trench on Earth. Its deepest point, the Challenger Deep, reaches approximately 10,984 meters (36,037 feet) below sea level. Formed by the subduction of tectonic plates, the trench spans² over 2,550 kilometers (1,580 miles) in length. The extreme pressure (over 1,000 atmospheres) and darkness make it one of the least explored places on Earth. Only a few manned and unmanned missions, like James Cameron's 2012 dive, have reached its depths. The trench hosts unique life forms adapted to harsh³ conditions, such as amphipods and microbial communities.

马里亚纳海沟位于西太平洋，是地球上已知最深的沟壑。其最深处"挑战者深渊"深约10,984米，由板块俯冲形成，全长超2,550公里。该区域压力超1,000个大气压且无光，探索极少。2012年詹姆斯·卡梅隆曾载人下潜至此。沟内生物如端足类动物和微生物群落，已适应极端环境。