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为教育券打低分
添加时间:2014-08-04 21:12:11 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • A judge flunks1 Cleveland's use of vouchers3 for parochial schools. But will that stall the movement?

    法官裁定克利夫兰将教育券用于教区学校的做法违法。但这一裁定会妨碍教育券运动吗?

    Walter Milancuk's public-school horror story began early, when his son Derrick spent kindergarten in an overcrowded roomful of students who regularly fought in class and cursed the teacher. Milancuk wanted to transfer Derrick, but his salary as a forklift driver couldn't cover private-school tuition. Yet Milancuk found a way out, thanks to Cleveland's pioneering school-voucher2 program, which granted him close to $1,500 in state funds to help enroll4 Derrick at St. Stanislaus, a nearby Catholic school. Now Derrick wears a crisp uniform. His reading has improved. And the weekly Mass and Bible study have moved Derrick to say his daily prayers without prompting. Says his dad, "The school is really building his faith."

    沃特•米兰卡克在公立学校的不快经历早在儿子德里克上幼儿园的时候就开始了。当时德里克所在的幼儿园人满为患,学生们上课经常打架,骂老师。米兰卡克想让德里克转学,但他做叉车司机的收入支付不了私立学校的学费。好在米兰卡克终于找到了一个办法,这还要归功于克利夫兰首创的学校教育券计划。这一计划拨给他将近1500美元的州基金帮他让德里克在附近的圣•斯坦尼斯洛斯天主教学校注册上学。现在德里克穿着崭新的校服。他的阅读能力已经有所提高。每周做弥撒和学习圣经也使德里克受到熏陶,现在他不用人催就会每天做祷告。他爸爸说:"这所学校真的在培养他的信念。"

    That may prove to be more of a curse than a blessing5. Last week a federal judge struck down Cleveland's voucher program, ruling that it violates the constitutional separation of church and state. Citing Jefferson and Madison, Judge Solomon Oliver Jr. wrote that because four-fifths of the private schools participating in the voucher program are religious, the program robs parents of "genuine choice" between sectarian and secular6 schools, thus "advancing religion through government-supported religious indoctrination." The decision is the fourth in recent months to bar the use of vouchers in parochial schools, and voucher opponents--mainly teachers' unions and liberal interest groups--see it as a major victory.

    可是,这与其说是件好事,不如说是件坏事。上周一位联邦法官裁定该计划违背了宪法政教分离的原则,这给克利夫兰的教育券计划带来了沉重打击。所罗门•奥利弗法官引用杰斐逊和麦迪逊的话写道,因为参与教育券计划的学校中有五分之四是宗教学校,这一计划实际上剥夺了家长在世俗学校和宗教学校之间做出"真正选择"的机会,继而"通过政府支持的宗教教育扩大宗教影响"。这一裁决是最近几个月来第四起禁止在教区学校使用教育券的裁决,而反对教育券的人---主要是教师工会和自由主义利益团体---则把它视为一场重大胜利。

    Voucher backers--an unusual coalition7 of inner-city parents and conservative groups--retort that the judge misread both the Cleveland program and the First Amendment8. They point out that Cleveland parents who don't like parochial schools can send their kids to the city's regular public schools, or to public charter schools and magnet schools. Clint Bolick, a lawyer for the Institute for Justice, which defended the voucher program, says, "No one can compel a child into the program or into a religious school."

    支持教育券的人---由内城区的家长和保守团体形成的一支不同寻常的联合阵线---反驳认为这位法官既不理解克利夫兰计划,也没有领会"宪法第一修正案"的真正含义。他们指出,那些不喜欢交换学校的克利夫兰家长可以把他们的孩子送到城里的正规公立学校,或者特许公立学校和英才学校(magnet school)。司法学院的律师克林特•伯里克曾为教育券计划辩护,他说:"没有人能迫使一个孩子参与一个项目,或者进入一所宗教学校。"

    Despite its recent setbacks, the voucher movement is gaining ground in state legislatures and some state courts. This fall Florida started the first statewide voucher program. And the Wisconsin Supreme9 Court upheld the use of vouchers in parochial schools in Milwaukee. In the presidential campaign, G.O.P. candidates John McCain and George W. Bush are trumpeting10 voucher proposals. While Vice11 President Al Gore12 launched an ad that calls vouchers a "big mistake," his Democratic opponent Bill Bradley supports them, at least as "experiments."

    虽然最近遭遇了挫折,但教育券运动正在各州立法机构和一些州法院赢得支持。今年秋季,佛罗里达开始了第一项全州教育券计划。威斯康星最高法院也赞同密尔沃基教区学校使用教育券。在总统选举中,共和党候选人约翰•麦凯恩和乔治•W•布什都积极支持教育券计划。虽然副总统艾尔•戈尔在一则广告中宣称教育券是"一个严重错误",其民主党内的对手比尔•布莱德里却对它们持支持态度,至少把它们当作"实验"。

    Though the U.S. Supreme Court has refused to hear several school-choice cases, legal experts suspect the more clear-cut Cleveland case might prod13 it into action. In the meantime, Judge Oliver is allowing Derrick Milancuk and nearly 4,000 other students in the Cleveland voucher program to remain in their schools while his ruling is on appeal.

    尽管美国最高法院拒绝审理几起选校案件,法律专家怀疑案情清楚的克利夫兰教育券案也许会促使高院行动起来。与此同时,奥利弗法官同意在他的裁决被上诉期间让德里克•米兰卡克和近4000名参与克利夫兰教育券计划的其他学生继续留在他们所在的学校里。

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    1 flunks [flʌŋks] 84756bd402f43d80f61f5fa9a0296cd2   第10级
    v.( flunk的第三人称单数 );(使)(考试、某学科的成绩等)不及格;评定(某人)不及格;(因不及格而) 退学
    参考例句:
    • He got two flunks on his report. 他的报告上有两门不及格。 来自互联网
    2 voucher [ˈvaʊtʃə(r)] ELTzZ   第9级
    n.收据;传票;凭单,凭证
    参考例句:
    • The government should run a voucher system. 政府应该施行凭证制度。
    • Whenever cash is paid out, a voucher or receipt should be obtained. 无论何时只要支付现金,就必须要有一张凭据或者收据。
    3 vouchers [ˈvaʊtʃəz] 4f649eeb2fd7ec1ef73ed951059af072   第9级
    n.凭证( voucher的名词复数 );证人;证件;收据
    参考例句:
    • These vouchers are redeemable against any future purchase. 这些优惠券将来购物均可使用。
    • This time we were given free vouchers to spend the night in a nearby hotel. 这一次我们得到了在附近一家旅馆入住的免费券。 来自英语晨读30分(高二)
    4 enroll [ɪn'rəʊl] Pogxx   第7级
    vt.招收;登记;入学;参军;成为会员(英)enrol;vi.参加;登记;注册;记入名册
    参考例句:
    • I should like to enroll all my children in the swimming class. 我愿意让我的孩子们都参加游泳班。
    • They enroll him as a member of the club. 他们吸收他为俱乐部会员。
    5 blessing [ˈblesɪŋ] UxDztJ   第7级
    n.祈神赐福;祷告;祝福,祝愿
    参考例句:
    • The blessing was said in Hebrew. 祷告用了希伯来语。
    • A double blessing has descended upon the house. 双喜临门。
    6 secular [ˈsekjələ(r)] GZmxM   第8级
    n.牧师,凡人;adj.世俗的,现世的,不朽的
    参考例句:
    • We live in an increasingly secular society. 我们生活在一个日益非宗教的社会。
    • Britain is a plural society in which the secular predominates. 英国是个世俗主导的多元社会。
    7 coalition [ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃn] pWlyi   第8级
    n.结合体,同盟,结合,联合
    参考例句:
    • The several parties formed a coalition. 这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
    • Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties. 联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。
    8 amendment [əˈmendmənt] Mx8zY   第8级
    n.改正,修正,改善,修正案
    参考例句:
    • The amendment was rejected by 207 voters to 143. 这项修正案以207票对143票被否决。
    • The Opposition has tabled an amendment to the bill. 反对党已经就该议案提交了一项修正条款。
    9 supreme [su:ˈpri:m] PHqzc   第7级
    adj.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的
    参考例句:
    • It was the supreme moment in his life. 那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
    • He handed up the indictment to the supreme court. 他把起诉书送交最高法院。
    10 trumpeting [] 68cf4dbd1f99442d072d18975013a14d   第7级
    大声说出或宣告(trumpet的现在分词形式)
    参考例句:
    • She is always trumpeting her son. 她总是吹嘘她儿子。
    • The wind is trumpeting, a bugle calling to charge! 风在掌号。冲锋号! 来自汉英文学 - 散文英译
    11 vice [vaɪs] NU0zQ   第7级
    n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的
    参考例句:
    • He guarded himself against vice. 他避免染上坏习惯。
    • They are sunk in the depth of vice. 他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。
    12 gore [gɔ:(r)] gevzd   第12级
    n.凝血,血污;v.(动物)用角撞伤,用牙刺破;缝以补裆;顶
    参考例句:
    • The fox lay dying in a pool of gore. 狐狸倒在血泊中奄奄一息。
    • Carruthers had been gored by a rhinoceros. 卡拉瑟斯被犀牛顶伤了。
    13 prod [prɒd] TSdzA   第9级
    vt.戳,刺;刺激,激励
    参考例句:
    • The crisis will prod them to act. 那个危机将刺激他们行动。
    • I shall have to prod him to pay me what he owes. 我将不得不催促他把欠我的钱还给我。

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