轻松背单词新浪微博 轻松背单词腾讯微博
轻松背单词微信服务号
当前位置:首页 -> 12级英语阅读 - > 少坐多运动 一定会更长寿吗
少坐多运动 一定会更长寿吗
添加时间:2014-10-10 18:32:46 浏览次数: 作者:未知
Tip:点击数字可快速查看单词解释  
  • If people need motivation to get up from their office chairs or couches and become less sedentary, two useful new studies could provide the impetus1. One found that sitting less can slow the aging process within cells, and the other helpfully underscores that standing2 up — even if you are standing still — can be good for you as well.

    如果人们需要一些动力才愿意从办公椅和沙发上站起来,少坐一会儿,那么两项有用的新研究能提供这种动力。其中一项研究发现,少坐能减缓细胞衰老速度;另一项研究强调站立——哪怕只是静静地站着——也对健康有益。

    For most of us nowadays, sitting is our most common waking activity, with many of us sitting for eight hours or more every day. Even people who exercise for an hour or so tend to spend most of the remaining hours of the day in a chair.

    静坐是我们大部分人清醒时最常见的状态,很多人每天坐八小时以上。甚至连那些每天锻炼一小时左右的人其他大部分时间也都是坐着。

    The health consequences of this sedentariness are well-documented. Past studies have found that the more hours that people spend sitting, the more likely they are to develop diabetes3, heart disease and other conditions, and potentially to die prematurely5 — even if they exercise regularly.

    久坐会带来健康隐患,这一点证据确凿。过去的研究发现,人们坐的时间越长,越有可能患上糖尿病和心脏病等疾病,甚至可能早死——即使进行有规律地锻炼。

    But most of these studies were associational, meaning that they found a link between sitting and illness, but could not prove whether or how sitting actually causes ill health.

    但是这些研究大多得出的是关联性结论,也就是说,它们发现久坐与患病有关,但是不能证明久坐是否的确或者如何导致健康问题。

    So for the most groundbreaking of the new studies, which was published this month in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, scientists in Sweden decided6 to mount an actual experiment, in which they would alter the amount of time that people spent exercising and sitting, and track certain physiological7 results. In particular, with this experiment, the scientists were interested in whether changes in sedentary time would affect people’s telomeres.

    到目前为止,新研究中最具突破性的是本月在《英国运动医学杂志》(British Journal of Sports Medicine)上发表的研究——瑞典科学家们决定进行一项实际实验,他们在实验中改变人们锻炼和静坐的时间长度,然后追踪某些生理后果。科学家们对这个实验最感兴趣的是,这些改变是否会影响人们的染色体端粒。

    If you are unfamiliar8 with the componentry of your genes9, telomeres are the tiny caps on the ends of DNA10 strands11. They shorten and fray12 as a cell ages, although the process is not strictly13 chronological14. Obesity15, illness and other conditions can accelerate the shortening, causing cells to age prematurely, while some evidence suggests that healthy lifestyles may preserve telomere length, delaying cell aging.

    你可能对基因的组成部分不太了解,所以我简单介绍一下,染色体端粒是DNA链条末端的小帽子。随着细胞老化,它们会缩短、磨损,不过这一过程不完全由时间决定。肥胖、疾病和其他健康问题会加速端粒缩短,导致细胞提前老化,而有些证据表明健康的生活方式能维持端粒长度,延缓细胞衰老。

    For the new experiment, the Swedish scientists recruited a group of sedentary, overweight men and women, all aged16 68, and drew blood, in order to measure the length of telomeres in the volunteers’ white blood cells. Then half of the volunteers began an individualized, moderate exercise program, designed to improve their general health. They also were advised to sit less.

    为了这个新实验,瑞典科学家招募了一群习惯久坐的68岁超重男女,采血测量他们白细胞中端粒的长度。然后,其中一半志愿者开始个性化的适度锻炼计划,旨在提高总体健康状况。同时建议他们少坐。

    The other volunteers were told to continue with their normal lives, although the scientists urged them to try to lose weight and be healthy, without offering any specific methods.

    科学家们让其他志愿者继续像往常那样生活,但是鼓励他们尽量减肥,保持健康,不过没有提供具体方法。

    After six months, the volunteers all returned for a second blood draw and to complete questionnaires about their daily activities. These showed that those in the exercise group were, not surprisingly, exercising more than they had been previously17. But they were also, for the most part, sitting substantially less than before.

    六个月后,志愿者们第二次抽血,完成关于日常活动的问卷。结果表明,锻炼组的人不出所料比从前锻炼得更多。但是他们大部分人坐的时间也比从前少了很多。

    And when the scientists compared telomeres, they found that the telomeres in the volunteers who were sitting the least had lengthened18. Their cells seemed to be growing physiologically19 younger.

    科学家们在比较端粒时发现,坐得最少的志愿者的端粒延长了。从生理上讲,他们的细胞似乎更年轻了。

    Meanwhile, in the control group telomeres generally were shorter than they had been six months before.

    与此同时,控制组志愿者的端粒总体来说比六个月前更短了。

    But perhaps most interesting, there was little correlation20 between exercise and telomere length. In fact, the volunteers in the exercise group who had worked out the most during the past six months tended now to have slightly less lengthening21 and even some shortening, compared to those who had exercised less but stood up more.

    但是也许最有趣的是,锻炼与端粒长度之间几乎没有联系。实际上,在锻炼组中,在这六个月里锻炼最多的人与锻炼得不多但是站立时间更长的人相比,端粒增长得略微少一些,有些甚至缩短了。

    Reducing sedentary time had lengthened telomeres, the scientists concluded, while exercising had played little role.

    科学家们得出结论,减少静坐时间延长了端粒长度,而锻炼对此几乎毫无作用。

    Exactly what the volunteers did in lieu of sitting is impossible to say with precision, said Per Sjögren, a professor of public health at Uppsala University in Sweden, who led the study, because the researchers did not track their volunteers’ movement patterns with monitors. But “it’s most likely,” he said, that “sitting time was predominantly replaced with low-intensity activities,” and in particular with time spent standing up.

    这项研究的领导者、瑞典乌普萨拉大学的公共健康教授佩尔·肖格伦(Per Sjögren)说,志愿者们用什么活动来代替静坐无从准确得知,因为研究者们没用监测器追踪志愿者们的活动模式。但是他说,“最可能的情况是,静坐时间主要是被低强度的活动代替”,尤其是站立。

    Which makes the second new study of sedentary behavior particularly relevant. Standing is not, after all, physically22 demanding for most people, and some scientists have questioned whether merely standing up — without also moving about and walking — is sufficiently23 healthy or if standing merely replaces one type of sedentariness with another.

    这让另一项关于静坐行为的新研究显得格外重要。毕竟,对大多数人来说,站立不是生理需求。有些科学家质疑,只是站立——不动,也不行走——是否足够健康;站立是否只是另一种形式的久坐。

    If so, standing could be expected to increase health problems and premature4 death, as sitting has been shown to do.

    如果是这样的话,站立可能会和静坐一样增加健康问题,导致早逝。

    To find out whether that situation held true, Peter Katzmarzyk, a professor of public health at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton24 Rouge25, La., and an expert on sedentary behavior, turned to a large database of self-reported information about physical activity among Canadian adults. He noted26 the amount of time that the men and women had reported standing on most days over the course of a decade or more and crosschecked that data with death records, to see whether people who stood more died younger.

    为了弄清那种情况是否属实,路易斯安那州巴吞鲁日彭宁顿生物医学研究中心的公共健康教授、静坐行为研究专家彼得·卡兹马兹克(Peter Katzmarzyk)开始研究一个巨大的数据库,里面是加拿大成年人自我陈述的身体活动信息。他记下那些人在十年或更长时间内大部分日子里站立的时间,与死亡档案里的数据交叉检查,看看那些站得更多的人是否死得更早。

    The results, published in May in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, are soothing27 if predictable. Dr. Katzmarzyk found no link between standing and premature death. Rather, as he writes in the study, “mortality rates declined at higher levels of standing,” suggesting that standing is not sedentary or hazardous28, a conclusion with which our telomeres would likely concur29.

    今年5月,他的研究结果在《运动锻炼医学科学》(Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise)上发表。结果不出意料,令人安慰。卡兹马兹克发现站立和早逝之间没有关系。相反,他在研究报告中写道,“站立时间越长,死亡率越低”,称站立不同于久坐,没有危害——我们的端粒很可能会赞同这一结论。

     12级    英文科普 


    点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

    1 impetus [ˈɪmpɪtəs] L4uyj   第7级
    n.推动,促进,刺激;推动力
    参考例句:
    • This is the primary impetus behind the economic recovery. 这是促使经济复苏的主要动力。
    • Her speech gave an impetus to my ideas. 她的讲话激发了我的思绪。
    2 standing [ˈstændɪŋ] 2hCzgo   第8级
    n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
    参考例句:
    • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing. 地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
    • They're standing out against any change in the law. 他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
    3 diabetes [ˌdaɪəˈbi:ti:z] uPnzu   第9级
    n.糖尿病
    参考例句:
    • In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar. 对于糖尿病患者,医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
    • Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body. 糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。
    4 premature [ˈpremətʃə(r)] FPfxV   第7级
    adj.比预期时间早的;不成熟的,仓促的
    参考例句:
    • It is yet premature to predict the possible outcome of the dialogue. 预言这次对话可能有什么结果为时尚早。
    • The premature baby is doing well. 那个早产的婴儿很健康。
    5 prematurely ['premətʃə(r)lɪ] nlMzW4   第7级
    adv.过早地,贸然地
    参考例句:
    • She was born prematurely with poorly developed lungs. 她早产,肺部未发育健全。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • His hair was prematurely white, but his busy eyebrows were still jet-black. 他的头发已经白了,不过两道浓眉还是乌黑乌黑的。 来自辞典例句
    6 decided [dɪˈsaɪdɪd] lvqzZd   第7级
    adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
    参考例句:
    • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents. 这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
    • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting. 英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
    7 physiological [ˌfɪzɪə'lɒdʒɪkl] aAvyK   第7级
    adj.生理学的,生理学上的
    参考例句:
    • He bought a physiological book. 他买了一本生理学方面的书。
    • Every individual has a physiological requirement for each nutrient. 每个人对每种营养成分都有一种生理上的需要。
    8 unfamiliar [ˌʌnfəˈmɪliə(r)] uk6w4   第7级
    adj.陌生的,不熟悉的
    参考例句:
    • I am unfamiliar with the place and the people here. 我在这儿人地生疏。
    • The man seemed unfamiliar to me. 这人很面生。
    9 genes [dʒi:nz] 01914f8eac35d7e14afa065217edd8c0   第7级
    n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
    10 DNA [ˌdi: en ˈeɪ] 4u3z1l   第8级
    (缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
    参考例句:
    • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell. 脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
    • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code. 基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
    11 strands [strændz] d184598ceee8e1af7dbf43b53087d58b   第8级
    n.(线、绳、金属线、毛发等的)股( strand的名词复数 );缕;海洋、湖或河的)岸;(观点、计划、故事等的)部份v.使滞留,使搁浅( strand的第三人称单数 )
    参考例句:
    • Twist a length of rope from strands of hemp. 用几股麻搓成了一段绳子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • She laced strands into a braid. 她把几股线编织成一根穗带。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    12 fray [freɪ] NfDzp   第9级
    vt.争吵;打斗;磨损,磨破;vi. 被磨损;n.吵架;打斗
    参考例句:
    • Why should you get involved in their fray? 你为什么要介入他们的争吵呢?
    • Tempers began to fray in the hot weather. 大热天脾气烦燥。
    13 strictly [ˈstrɪktli] GtNwe   第7级
    adv.严厉地,严格地;严密地
    参考例句:
    • His doctor is dieting him strictly. 他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
    • The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence. 客人严格按照地位高低就座。
    14 chronological [ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkl] 8Ofzi   第8级
    adj.按年月顺序排列的,年代学的
    参考例句:
    • The paintings are exhibited in chronological sequence. 这些画是按创作的时间顺序展出的。
    • Give me the dates in chronological order. 把日期按年月顺序给我。
    15 obesity [əʊ'bi:sətɪ] Dv1ya   第8级
    n.肥胖,肥大
    参考例句:
    • One effect of overeating may be obesity. 吃得过多能导致肥胖。
    • Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods. 糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。
    16 aged [eɪdʒd] 6zWzdI   第8级
    adj.年老的,陈年的
    参考例句:
    • He had put on weight and aged a little. 他胖了,也老点了。
    • He is aged, but his memory is still good. 他已年老,然而记忆力还好。
    17 previously ['pri:vɪəslɪ] bkzzzC   第8级
    adv.以前,先前(地)
    参考例句:
    • The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point. 自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
    • Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously. 让我岔开一会儿,解释原先发生了什么。
    18 lengthened [ˈleŋkθənd] 4c0dbc9eb35481502947898d5e9f0a54   第7级
    (时间或空间)延长,伸长( lengthen的过去式和过去分词 )
    参考例句:
    • The afternoon shadows lengthened. 下午影子渐渐变长了。
    • He wanted to have his coat lengthened a bit. 他要把上衣放长一些。
    19 physiologically [ˌfiziə'lɔdʒikəli] QNfx3   第8级
    ad.生理上,在生理学上
    参考例句:
    • Therefore, the liver and gallbladder cannot be completely separated physiologically and pathologically. 因此,肝胆在生理和病理上不能完全分离。
    • Therefore, the liver and gallbladder are closely related physiologically and pathologically. 因此,肝胆在生理和病理上紧密联系。
    20 correlation [ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃn] Rogzg   第10级
    n.相互关系,相关,关连
    参考例句:
    • The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first. 第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关。
    • A high correlation exists in America between education and economic position. 教育和经济地位在美国有极密切的关系。
    21 lengthening [ləŋkθənɪŋ] c18724c879afa98537e13552d14a5b53   第7级
    (时间或空间)延长,伸长( lengthen的现在分词 ); 加长
    参考例句:
    • The evening shadows were lengthening. 残阳下的影子越拉越长。
    • The shadows are lengthening for me. 我的影子越来越长了。 来自演讲部分
    22 physically [ˈfɪzɪkli] iNix5   第8级
    adj.物质上,体格上,身体上,按自然规律
    参考例句:
    • He was out of sorts physically, as well as disordered mentally. 他浑身不舒服,心绪也很乱。
    • Every time I think about it I feel physically sick. 一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。
    23 sufficiently [sə'fɪʃntlɪ] 0htzMB   第8级
    adv.足够地,充分地
    参考例句:
    • It turned out he had not insured the house sufficiently. 原来他没有给房屋投足保险。
    • The new policy was sufficiently elastic to accommodate both views. 新政策充分灵活地适用两种观点。
    24 baton ['bætɒn] 5Quyw   第10级
    n.乐队用指挥杖
    参考例句:
    • With the baton the conductor was beating time. 乐队指挥用指挥棒打拍子。
    • The conductor waved his baton, and the band started up. 指挥挥动指挥棒,乐队开始演奏起来。
    25 rouge [ru:ʒ] nX7xI   第10级
    n.胭脂,口红唇膏;v.(在…上)擦口红
    参考例句:
    • Women put rouge on their cheeks to make their faces pretty. 女人往面颊上涂胭脂,使脸更漂亮。
    • She didn't need any powder or lip rouge to make her pretty. 她天生漂亮,不需要任何脂粉唇膏打扮自己。
    26 noted [ˈnəʊtɪd] 5n4zXc   第8级
    adj.著名的,知名的
    参考例句:
    • The local hotel is noted for its good table. 当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
    • Jim is noted for arriving late for work. 吉姆上班迟到出了名。
    27 soothing [su:ðɪŋ] soothing   第12级
    adj.慰藉的;使人宽心的;镇静的
    参考例句:
    • Put on some nice soothing music. 播放一些柔和舒缓的音乐。
    • His casual, relaxed manner was very soothing. 他随意而放松的举动让人很快便平静下来。
    28 hazardous [ˈhæzədəs] Iddxz   第9级
    adj.(有)危险的,冒险的;碰运气的
    参考例句:
    • These conditions are very hazardous for shipping. 这些情况对航海非常不利。
    • Everybody said that it was a hazardous investment. 大家都说那是一次危险的投资。
    29 concur [kənˈkɜ:(r)] CnXyH   第8级
    vi.同意,意见一致,互助,同时发生
    参考例句:
    • Wealth and happiness do not always concur. 财富与幸福并非总是并存的。
    • I concur with the speaker in condemning what has been done. 我同意发言者对所做的事加以谴责。

    文章评论 共有评论 0查看全部

      会员登陆
      热门单词标签
    我的单词印象
    我的理解: