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为何新年决心难坚持
添加时间:2015-02-28 18:37:53 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • Uh-oh, the new year's just begun and already you're finding it hard to keep those resolutions to junk the junk food, get off the couch or kick smoking. There's a biological reason a lot of our bad habits are so hard to break – they get wired into our brains.

    噢喔,新的一年才刚刚开始,你就发现很难坚持“告别垃圾食品、远离沙发、戒烟”这些新年决心了吧?我们很难改掉坏习惯是由于生物学的原因——这些坏习惯根植于我们的大脑中。

    That's not an excuse to give up. Understanding how unhealthy behaviors become ingrained has scientists learning some tricks that may help good habits replace the bad.

    这并不是让人放弃新年决心的借口。了解不健康的习惯怎样变得根深蒂固可以启发科学家研究出一些让好习惯代替坏习惯的“技巧”。

    "Why are bad habits stronger? You're fighting against the power of an immediate1 reward," says Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and an authority on the brain's pleasure pathway.

    诺拉•沃尔科夫博士说:“为什么坏习惯更加顽固?因为它能带来即时的犒赏,而这种即时犒赏的力量很强大。”沃尔科夫博士是美国国家药物滥用研究所主任,同时也是大脑快乐通道方面的权威。

    "We all as creatures are hard-wired that way, to give greater value to an immediate reward as opposed to something that's delayed," Volkow says.

    沃尔科夫博士说,“我们的这种天性决定了我们会更看重眼前的好处,而不是迟来的好处。”

    Just how that bit of happiness turns into a habit involves a pleasure-sensing chemical named dopamine. It conditions the brain to want that reward again and again – reinforcing the connection each time – especially when it gets the right cue from your environment.

    那么这一点快乐的感觉是怎样转化为一种习惯的呢?这与一种感知快乐的化学物质多巴胺有关。多巴胺使大脑不断期望得到这种犒赏,从而不断加强快乐感与这种行为之间的联系,特别是当它能从周围环境中得到正确的暗示时。

    People tend to overestimate2 their ability to resist temptations around them, thus undermining attempts to shed bad habits, says experimental psychologist Loran Nordgren, an assistant professor at Northwestern University's Kellogg School of Management.

    西北大学凯洛格管理学院副教授、实验心理学家罗兰•诺德格伦说,人们往往高估自己抵抗身边诱惑的能力,这使他们为摆脱坏习惯而做出的努力毁于一旦。

    Even scientists who recognize it can fall prey3."I don't like popcorn4. But every time I go to the cinema, I have to eat it," Volkow says. "It's fascinating."

    即使是能意识到这一点的科学家,也难以幸免。沃尔科夫说:“我不喜欢吃爆米花,但每次去电影院我都会吃。它让我很难抗拒。”

    A movement to pay people for behavior changes may exploit that connection, as some companies offer employees outrightpayments or insurance rebates5 for adopting better habits.

    一项“为行为变化买单”的运动可能会对这种联系加以利用,在这项运动中,一些公司给雇员提供“即时报酬”或是“保险回扣”,以激励他们形成更好的习惯。

    However paying for behavior plays out, researchers say there are some steps that may help counter your brain's hold on bad habits:

    不管这项运动结果如何,研究人员说我们的确可以采取某些行动来对抗坏习惯对大脑的吸引力。

    Repeat, repeat, repeat the new behavior – the same routine at the same time of day. Resolved to exercise? Doing it at the same time of the morning, rather than fitting it in haphazardly6, makes the striatumrecognize the habit so eventually, "if you don't do it, you feel awful," says Volkow the neuroscientist, who's also a passionate7 runner.

    那就是,重复,重复,再重复你的新行为,使之成为每天固定时间的例行活动。下决心锻炼?那就每天早上固定时间锻炼,而不要随意找时间,这样会使大脑纹状体最终接受这个新习惯。神经学家沃尔科夫也是一个热爱跑步的人,他说:“如果你哪天没锻炼,就会感觉很糟糕。”

     9级    英文科普 


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    1 immediate [ɪˈmi:diət] aapxh   第7级
    adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的
    参考例句:
    • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call. 他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
    • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting. 我们主张立即召开这个会议。
    2 overestimate [ˌəʊvərˈestɪmeɪt] Nmsz5Y   第8级
    vt. 对……评价过高;对……估计过高 n. 估计过高;评价过高;出价过高 vi. 估计过高;评价过高
    参考例句:
    • Don't overestimate seriousness of the problem. 别把问题看重了。
    • We overestimate our influence and our nuisance value. 我们过高地估计了自己的影响力和破坏作用。
    3 prey [preɪ] g1czH   第7级
    n.被掠食者,牺牲者,掠食;vi.捕食,掠夺,折磨
    参考例句:
    • Stronger animals prey on weaker ones. 弱肉强食。
    • The lion was hunting for its prey. 狮子在寻找猎物。
    4 popcorn [ˈpɒpkɔ:n] 8lUzJI   第7级
    n.爆米花
    参考例句:
    • I like to eat popcorn when I am watching TV play at home. 当我在家观看电视剧时,喜欢吃爆米花。
    • He still stood behind his cash register stuffing his mouth with popcorn. 他仍站在收银机后,里塞满了爆米花。
    5 rebates ['ri:beɪts] 5862cab7436152bb9726585397fb1db9   第8级
    n.退还款( rebate的名词复数 );回扣;返还(退还的部份货价);折扣
    参考例句:
    • The VAT system offers advantages, such as rebates on exports. 增值税有其优点,如对出口商品实行回扣。 来自辞典例句
    • In more recent years rate rebates have been introduced for households. 近年地方税的减免已适用于家庭。 来自辞典例句
    6 haphazardly [hæp'hæzədlɪ] zrVz8Z   第8级
    adv.偶然地,随意地,杂乱地
    参考例句:
    • The books were placed haphazardly on the shelf. 书籍乱七八糟地堆放在书架上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • It is foolish to haphazardly adventure. 随便冒险是愚蠢的。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
    7 passionate [ˈpæʃənət] rLDxd   第8级
    adj.热情的,热烈的,激昂的,易动情的,易怒的,性情暴躁的
    参考例句:
    • He is said to be the most passionate man. 据说他是最有激情的人。
    • He is very passionate about the project. 他对那个项目非常热心。

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