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为何印度裔高管遍布硅谷
添加时间:2015-09-06 19:55:55 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • 为何印度裔高管遍布硅谷

    Sundar Pichai’s appointment this month as chief executive of the newly rejigged Google prompted happy outpourings across India. The US technology group will still be controlled by founders1 Larry Page and Sergey Brin. But Mr Pichai’s rise to become their most senior lieutenant2 seemed to confirm the considerable achievements of India’s global diaspora.

    上月,桑德尔皮查伊(Sundar Pichai)被任命为刚刚重组的谷歌(Google)的首席执行官,这一消息在印度激起了一片欢腾。这家美国科技集团将仍由其创始人拉里椠奇(Larry Page)和谢尔盖布林(Sergey Brin)掌管,不过皮查伊晋升为二人最高级别的副手,似乎证实了世界各地的印度侨民取得的卓越成就。

    Pride in eminent3 expatriates is common across developing economies. But it is especially warranted in India, whose émigrés have achieved great prominence4 in the US. Mr Pichai’s promotion5 follows a handful of others: Satya Nadella, for instance, who last year took the helm at Microsoft; or former Google executive Nikesh Arora, now heir presumptive at SoftBank, the Japanese telecoms group.

    令各发展中经济体骄傲的杰出侨民屡见不鲜,但印度更有理由骄傲——印度侨民在美国取得了显赫的成就。早在皮查伊晋升前,已有几位印度人身居要职:比如去年接掌微软(Microsoft)的萨蒂亚纳德拉(Satya Nadella),以及前谷歌高管、现为日本电信集团软银(SoftBank)假定继承人的尼克什阿罗拉(Nikesh Arora)。

    More interesting, though, are the wider accomplishments6 of Indian entrepreneurs in Silicon7 Valley.

    然而,更有趣的是,印度企业家在硅谷取得了更为广泛的成就。

    At first this looks counterintuitive. Indians have a strong reputation as software developers, dating back to the first wave who arrived armed with elite8 engineering degrees in the 1980s. But that same group has since gone on a less heralded9 journey, outpacing once-dominant communities from Taiwan and China, to become the US’s most technologically11 entrepreneurial immigrants as well.

    起初,这似乎与人们的直觉相悖。自20世纪80年代第一批拥有名牌院校工程学学位的精英抵达美国起,印度人作为软件开发者一直声誉显赫。但人们没有料到的是,这批人还赶超了一度占据统治地位的台湾和中国大陆移民群体,成为了美国最具科技创业精神的移民。

    Today the contest is not even close. Immigrants either founded or co-founded around four in 10 Silicon Valley businesses between 2006 and 2012, according to the Kauffman Foundation — itself a remarkable12 statistic13. Of those immigrant-founded companies, however, roughly a third were launched by Indians. The next most successful group, the Chinese, accounted for 5 per cent.

    如今这场比赛已经拉开了明显的差距。据考夫曼基金会(Kauffman Foundation)统计,2006年至2012年间,硅谷每10家企业中,有大约4家的创始人或联合创始人是外来移民。而这些移民创建的公司中,约有三分之一由印度人发起。紧随其后的群体是中国人,占比5%。

    Indian immigrants in the US are numerous, highly educated and speak excellent English. This adds up to a powerful trio of traits that other foreign arrivals struggle to match, according to political scientist Devesh Kapur, co-author of a forthcoming book on the diaspora. As a result, Indians do well across corporate14 America, bagging top roles at blue-chip companies and Wall Street banks, and making Hinduism the country’s wealthiest religion per capita.

    美国的印度移民数量庞大,教育程度高,说着流利的英语。政治学家德韦什愠湓尔(Devesh Kapur,他与人合著的关于外侨的书籍即将出版)表示,这三种强大的优势集于一身使其他外侨难以匹敌。因此,印度人在美国企业界的日子都过得不错,在蓝筹公司和华尔街的银行更是身居高位,还使印度教成为了美国人均最富裕的宗教。

    Yet this alone does not explain why they prosper15 in the technology sector16, a phenomenon17 with deeper roots in the experience of the early engineers who first moved to California. Back then, employment at established tech companies came easily. But those who tried to launch start-ups found life more difficult, struggling to raise venture capital in particular.

    然而,仅仅这一点并不能解释为何印度人在科技业如此飞黄腾达,这一现象更深层的原因源于早年第一批移民加州的工程师。当时,想被知名科技公司雇佣十分容易。而那些试图创业的人却发现生活要艰难得多,想要筹集风险资本尤其困难。

    The lesson drawn18 by these pioneers, says Vivek Wadhwa, entrepreneur and Stanford University fellow, was that you had to stick together. “The first crop of Indian entrepreneurs all had similar stories of being held back by a tech system dominated by white Americans,” he says. Those who succeeded, such as Vinod Khosla, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, became linchpins in a support system for their fellow nationals, ranging from formal business groups to ad hoc networks for mentoring19 and funding. “They decided20 they needed to help each other out.”

    企业家、斯坦福大学(Stanford University)研究员维韦克瓦德瓦(Vivek Wadhwa)称,这些先驱总结的经验是,大家必须团结一心。“第一批印度创业者都有类似的经历——在由美国白人统治的科技系统被打压,”他说道。那些成功者,比如太阳计算机系统公司(Sun Microsystems)的联合创始人维诺德科斯拉(Vinod Khosla),在印度同胞的互助体系中起着关键作用。这个互助体系从正式的企业集团到临时的导师和融资网络一应俱全。“他们决定必须互相帮助才能脱颖而出。”

    Nowadays, Indian executives are over-represented across Silicon Valley, especially at businesses that prize engineering talent, such as Google. But while the original need to break into the tech sector has passed, their habits of mutual21 support persists. Mr Pichai seems to embody22 this culture too, given the way colleagues describe him as technically23 brilliant, but also kind and helpful to others.

    如今,硅谷的印度裔高管已经数不过来了,尤其是在像谷歌这样高度重视工程技术人才的企业。然而,尽管印度人不再需要像最初那样打入科技业,他们互帮互助的习惯仍然延续着。皮查伊身上似乎也体现着这种文化。同事口中的他不仅有技术才华,而且为人友善、乐于助人。

    It might seem surprising that this kind of clubbing together was necessary. Silicon Valley is celebrated24 for its dense25 networks of funders and entrepreneurs. Evangelists portray26 the area as the ultimate open economic system; a freewheeling technological10 meritocracy, in which outsiders are welcome and good ideas rise to the top.

    或许令人吃惊的是,这种“抱团”很有必要。硅谷以其密集的投资人和企业家人脉网络而著称。鼓吹者将这里描绘成终极开放经济体系——一个无拘无束的技术型精英管理体系。这里欢迎外来者,任何好点子都能受到高度重视。

    That is at best a half-fiction. The tech sector is not always collegiate, as recent revelations about Amazon’s work practices made clear. The same point is driven home by the anxious founders and backbiting27 coders of hit HBO comedy Silicon Valley .

    上面的描述往好了说也是半虚构的。硅谷的科技业并非总是学院式的——最近曝光的亚马逊(Amazon)内部工作风格将这点暴露无遗。HBO的热门喜剧《硅谷》(Silicon Valley)中焦虑的创业者和互相中伤的程序员也同样揭示了这一点。

    Above all, successful innovators also tend to have the best contacts, opening closed doors to money and support. Those without access — foreigners, for instance, or women — must break into established networks or create others. And more than any other group of outsiders, it was the Indians who figured out that, to make it in start-up land, it helps to have a social network of your own.

    最重要的是,成功的创新者往往也拥有最好的人脉,这就打开了原本紧闭的资金和支持的大门。那些没有门路的人——比如外国人或者女性——必须打入现有的人脉网络,或者创建新的网络。比起其他外来群体,印度人更明白这个道理——想在这片创业之地获得成功,最好建立属于自己的社交网络。

     12级    英文科普 


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    1 founders [ˈfaʊndəz] 863257b2606659efe292a0bf3114782c   第8级
    n.创始人( founder的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • He was one of the founders of the university's medical faculty. 他是该大学医学院的创建人之一。 来自辞典例句
    • The founders of our religion made this a cornerstone of morality. 我们宗教的创始人把这看作是道德的基石。 来自辞典例句
    2 lieutenant [lefˈtenənt] X3GyG   第7级
    n.陆军中尉,海军上尉;代理官员,副职官员
    参考例句:
    • He was promoted to be a lieutenant in the army. 他被提升为陆军中尉。
    • He prevailed on the lieutenant to send in a short note. 他说动那个副官,递上了一张简短的便条进去。
    3 eminent [ˈemɪnənt] dpRxn   第7级
    adj.显赫的,杰出的,有名的,优良的
    参考例句:
    • We are expecting the arrival of an eminent scientist. 我们正期待一位著名科学家的来访。
    • He is an eminent citizen of China. 他是一个杰出的中国公民。
    4 prominence [ˈprɒmɪnəns] a0Mzw   第10级
    n.突出;显著;杰出;重要
    参考例句:
    • He came to prominence during the World Cup in Italy. 他在意大利的世界杯赛中声名鹊起。
    • This young fashion designer is rising to prominence. 这位年轻的时装设计师的声望越来越高。
    5 promotion [prəˈməʊʃn] eRLxn   第7级
    n.提升,晋级;促销,宣传
    参考例句:
    • The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion. 教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
    • The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary. 那个职员升了级,加了薪。
    6 accomplishments [ə'kʌmplɪʃmənts] 1c15077db46e4d6425b6f78720939d54   第8级
    n.造诣;完成( accomplishment的名词复数 );技能;成绩;成就
    参考例句:
    • It was one of the President's greatest accomplishments. 那是总统最伟大的成就之一。
    • Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing. 她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
    7 silicon [ˈsɪlɪkən] dykwJ   第7级
    n.硅(旧名矽)
    参考例句:
    • This company pioneered the use of silicon chip. 这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。
    • A chip is a piece of silicon about the size of a postage stamp. 芯片就是一枚邮票大小的硅片。
    8 elite [eɪˈli:t] CqzxN   第7级
    n.精英阶层;实力集团;adj.杰出的,卓越的
    参考例句:
    • The power elite inside the government is controlling foreign policy. 政府内部的一群握有实权的精英控制着对外政策。
    • We have a political elite in this country. 我们国家有一群政治精英。
    9 heralded [ˈherəldid] a97fc5524a0d1c7e322d0bd711a85789   第8级
    v.预示( herald的过去式和过去分词 );宣布(好或重要)
    参考例句:
    • The singing of the birds heralded in the day. 鸟鸣报晓。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • A fanfare of trumpets heralded the arrival of the King. 嘹亮的小号声宣告了国王驾到。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    10 technological [ˌteknə'lɒdʒɪkl] gqiwY   第7级
    adj.技术的;工艺的
    参考例句:
    • A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change. 一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
    • Today, the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements. 当今,随着科技进步,生活节奏不断增快。
    11 technologically [ˌteknəu'lɔdʒikəli] WqpwY   第7级
    ad.技术上地
    参考例句:
    • Shanghai is a technologically advanced city. 上海是中国的一个技术先进的城市。
    • Many senior managers are technologically illiterate. 许多高级经理都对技术知之甚少。
    12 remarkable [rɪˈmɑ:kəbl] 8Vbx6   第7级
    adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的
    参考例句:
    • She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills. 她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
    • These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines. 这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。
    13 statistic [stəˈtɪstɪk] QuGwb   第8级
    n.统计量;adj.统计的,统计学的
    参考例句:
    • Official statistics show real wages declining by 24%. 官方统计数字表明实际工资下降了24%。
    • There are no reliable statistics for the number of deaths in the battle. 关于阵亡人数没有可靠的统计数字。
    14 corporate [ˈkɔ:pərət] 7olzl   第7级
    adj.共同的,全体的;公司的,企业的
    参考例句:
    • This is our corporate responsibility. 这是我们共同的责任。
    • His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail. 他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。
    15 prosper [ˈprɒspə(r)] iRrxC   第7级
    vi.成功,兴隆,昌盛;荣vt.使……成功;使……昌盛;使……繁荣
    参考例句:
    • With her at the wheel, the company began to prosper. 有了她当主管,公司开始兴旺起来。
    • It is my earnest wish that this company will continue to prosper. 我真诚希望这家公司会继续兴旺发达。
    16 sector [ˈsektə(r)] yjczYn   第7级
    n.部门,部分;防御地段,防区;扇形
    参考例句:
    • The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
    • The enemy have attacked the British sector. 敌人已进攻英国防区。
    17 phenomenon [fəˈnɒmɪnən] DNQxo   第8级
    n.现象,特殊的人,特殊的事物,奇迹
    参考例句:
    • Beethoven was a phenomenon among many musicians. 贝多芬是众多的音乐家中的天才。
    • How do you explain this phenomenon? 这种现象怎样解释?
    18 drawn [drɔ:n] MuXzIi   第11级
    v.(draw的过去式)拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的
    参考例句:
    • All the characters in the story are drawn from life. 故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
    • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside. 她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。
    19 mentoring [ˈmenˌtɔ:ɪŋ] 927b67a2488cee0c1ff61a0b43695f30   第11级
    n.mentoring是一种工作关系。mentor通常是处在比mentee更高工作职位上的有影响力的人。他/她有比‘mentee’更丰富的工作经验和知识,并用心支持mentee的职业(发展)。v.(无经验之人的)有经验可信赖的顾问( mentor的现在分词 )
    参考例句:
    • One of the most effective instruments for coaching and mentoring is the "role rehearsal" . 辅导和教学的最有效的手段之一是“角色排练。” 来自辞典例句
    • Bell Canada called their mentoring system a buddy-buddy system. 加拿大贝尔公司称他们的训导系统是伙伴—伙伴系统。 来自互联网
    20 decided [dɪˈsaɪdɪd] lvqzZd   第7级
    adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
    参考例句:
    • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents. 这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
    • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting. 英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
    21 mutual [ˈmju:tʃuəl] eFOxC   第7级
    adj.相互的,彼此的;共同的,共有的
    参考例句:
    • We must pull together for mutual interest. 我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
    • Mutual interests tied us together. 相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。
    22 embody [ɪmˈbɒdi] 4pUxx   第7级
    vt.具体表达,使具体化;包含,收录
    参考例句:
    • The latest locomotives embody many new features. 这些最新的机车具有许多新的特色。
    • Hemingway's characters plainly embody his own values and view of life. 海明威笔下的角色明确反映出他自己的价值观与人生观。
    23 technically [ˈteknɪkli] wqYwV   第8级
    adv.专门地,技术上地
    参考例句:
    • Technically it is the most advanced equipment ever. 从技术上说,这是最先进的设备。
    • The tomato is technically a fruit, although it is eaten as a vegetable. 严格地说,西红柿是一种水果,尽管它是当作蔬菜吃的。
    24 celebrated [ˈselɪbreɪtɪd] iwLzpz   第8级
    adj.有名的,声誉卓著的
    参考例句:
    • He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England. 不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
    • The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience. 观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。
    25 dense [dens] aONzX   第7级
    adj.密集的,稠密的,浓密的;密度大的
    参考例句:
    • The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
    • The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。
    26 portray [pɔ:ˈtreɪ] mPLxy   第7级
    vt.描写,描述;画(人物、景象等)
    参考例句:
    • It is difficult to portray feelings in words. 感情很难用言语来描写。
    • Can you portray the best and worst aspects of this job? 您能描述一下这份工作最好与最坏的方面吗?
    27 backbiting [ˈbækbaɪtɪŋ] d0736e9eb21ad2d1bc00e3a309b2f35c   第12级
    背后诽谤
    参考例句:
    • You should refrain your tongue from backbiting. 你不要背后诽谤人。
    • Refrain your tongue from backbiting. 不要在背后中伤人家。

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