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中国传统文化:筷子
添加时间:2015-10-28 19:54:15 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • Similar to people of other nationalities,ancient Chinese people grasped or tore food with their bare hands at the beginning.

    与其他民族一样,中国最初的食用方法也是“以手奉饭”,也就是用手抓,或用手撕。

    Chopsticks,forks, knives and spoons were used much later, of which chopsticks,with a history of thousands of years, are a wonder of Chinese dining utensils1.

    至于使用筷子、叉、刀、匙等进餐用具,则都是较晚的方法。 其中,筷子是中国进餐习俗中的一绝,至今已有数千年的历史。

    Chopsticks are the dining utensils most frequently used in Chinese people’s daily life.

    筷子是日常生活中经常用到的一种进餐工具,也是中国人进餐时的必备用具。

    In ancient China, they were called zhu.

    古代称为“箸”,今俗称筷子。

    When the Chinese began to use chopsticks as an eating instrument is anybody’s guess.

    中国人什么时候开始使用筷子进餐的,已经无从查起。

    They were first mentioned in writing in Liji ( The Book of Rites2 ), a work compiled some 2 000 years ago.

    最初的记载是在2000年前所编辑的一本叫做《礼记》的书中。

    Chopsticks may be made of any of several materials: bamboo, wood, gold, silver, ivory, pewter, and plastics.

    筷子可以用许多材料制作,如竹筷、木筷、金筷、银筷、象牙筷、锡筷、塑料筷,等等。

    In cross-section, they may be either round or square.

    其形或下圆上方、或上下全圆。

    Some of them are engraved3 with coloured pictures or calligraphy4 for decoration.

    有的镶有彩色图案或书法用以装饰。

    Ordinary chopsticks used in Chinese homes are of wood or bamboo, those for banquets are often ivory, whereas gold ones belonged only to the royalty5 and aristocracy.

    现在中国家庭使用的普通筷子多以木头或竹子制成,宴会通常使用象牙筷子,古代皇宫和贵族则使用金筷。

     11级    双语 
     单词标签: utensils  rites  engraved  calligraphy  royalty 


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    1 utensils [ju:'tensɪlz] 69f125dfb1fef9b418c96d1986e7b484   第8级
    器具,用具,器皿( utensil的名词复数 ); 器物
    参考例句:
    • Formerly most of our household utensils were made of brass. 以前我们家庭用的器皿多数是用黄铜做的。
    • Some utensils were in a state of decay when they were unearthed. 有些器皿在出土时已经残破。
    2 rites [raɪts] 5026f3cfef698ee535d713fec44bcf27   第8级
    仪式,典礼( rite的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • to administer the last rites to sb 给某人举行临终圣事
    • He is interested in mystic rites and ceremonies. 他对神秘的仪式感兴趣。
    3 engraved [inˈɡreivd] be672d34fc347de7d97da3537d2c3c95   第8级
    v.在(硬物)上雕刻(字,画等)( engrave的过去式和过去分词 );将某事物深深印在(记忆或头脑中)
    参考例句:
    • The silver cup was engraved with his name. 银杯上刻有他的名字。
    • It was prettily engraved with flowers on the back. 此件雕刻精美,背面有花饰图案。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    4 calligraphy [kəˈlɪgrəfi] BsRzP   第8级
    n.书法
    参考例句:
    • At the calligraphy competition, people asked him to write a few characters. 书法比赛会上,人们请他留字。
    • His calligraphy is vigorous and forceful. 他的书法苍劲有力。
    5 royalty [ˈrɔɪəlti] iX6xN   第7级
    n.皇家,皇族
    参考例句:
    • She claims to be descended from royalty. 她声称她是皇室后裔。
    • I waited on tables, and even catered to royalty at the Royal Albert Hall. 我做过服务生,甚至在皇家阿伯特大厅侍奉过皇室的人。

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