hallux

大脚趾

It stems from Latin and began to be commonly used in the mid-19th century. On the opposite side (of the foot), the little toe is called the minimus.

起源于拉丁语，19世纪中叶开始普遍运用。与之相对应的是，小趾头被称为minimus。

purlicue

“虎口”距（食指与拇指间的空隙）

Although a rare word, purlicue is a term for the space between the forefinger¹ and thumb, originally used in the North of England. It’s thought to derive² from the Scots term pirlie, meaning ‘curly’ or ‘twisted’, and is also used as a synonym³ for curlicue: a term in calligraphy⁴ to describe curls in a person’s writing.

尽管是个冷僻词，purlicue这一术语用来表示食指与拇指间的空间，起源于英格兰北部，来源于苏格兰术语pirlie，意为"卷曲的"或"弯曲的"；现在用作"花体"的近义词，书法术语，用以形容书写中笔迹的卷曲。

fraenum

系带

A fraenum is a small ligament that restricts movement between body parts. The most obvious example is the fraenum which attaches the tongue to the bottom of the mouth, or the lip to the gum. It comes from the Latin fraenum which meant ‘bridle⁵’ – that same idea of restrained movement. . It is also spelled frenum, and the more common term is frenulum.

系带是一小小的韧带，限制身体部位的运动。最为显著的例子即连接舌头和口底、唇和牙龈的舌系带。系带一词来源于拉丁语fraenum，意为"缰绳"，和限制行动同义，亦拼作"frenum"，更为常用的术语是frenulum。

uvula

小舌

The uvula is the fleshy extension that hangs at the back of the mouth above the opening of the throat. This is a body part that we share with some other primates⁶; for instance, baboons⁷ have small, underdeveloped uvulae. The uvula helps to close the nasopharynx during swallowing, so that no food can enter the nasal passage. It also causes the initiation⁸ of the gag reflex if stimulated⁹, and is also used to articulate a range of sounds in speech, such as the guttural R used in French.

小舌是嘴巴后部、紧贴喉咙口上方悬垂的部分。这一身体部位其他灵长目动物也有，比如狒狒有小型但发育并不完全的小舌。小舌有助吞咽时闭合鼻咽，避免食物进入鼻道。若受到刺激，小舌会引发咽反射；小舌还能用以清晰地发出一系列音，如法语里喉音r。

philtrum

人中

This term refers to the vertical¹⁰ groove¹¹ between the bottom of the nose and the upper lip. Interestingly, it comes from the Latin word philtrum which initially¹² meant ‘love-potion’ or ‘love-charm’ and only started being used in English for the body part in the 17th century.

这一术语指的是鼻子底部和上唇间竖直的凹陷部分。有趣的是，这个词来源于拉丁语philtrum ，最初意为“爱情迷药”或“爱情魔咒”，直到17世纪才开始用于英语表示身体部位。

gowpen

碗状（两手靠拢形成）

This is the hollow that is formed when the two hands are placed together to create a bowl shape. It originates from the Old Norse gaupn.

这个词指的是双手靠拢形成的碗状时双手凹陷的部分，来源于古挪威语gaupn.

gynaecomastia

男性乳房

The technical medical term for what some might refer to in everyday conversation as ‘man boobs’ or ‘moobs’ – or, rather, the condition that causes the swelling¹³ of a man’s breast tissue, usually caused by hormone¹⁴ therapy or imbalance.

这一专业术语即有些人日常对话中所说的“男性乳房”，更确切地说，是引发男性胸部组织肿胀、隆起的条件，通常由激素疗法或内分泌失调所致。

canthus

眼角

Stemming from Latin, and from the Greek word kanthos, this word refers to the point in the inner or outer corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids¹⁵ meet. It was first used in the mid-17th century.

源自拉丁语和希腊语 kanthos一词，用以指内外眼角上下眼睑交汇处。最初用于17世纪中叶。

gnathion

颔下点

This is the lowest point of the jawbone, so the most outward pointing part of the chin. It comes from the Greek word for ‘jaw¹⁶’ with the –ion suffix¹⁷ added to it, and only came into usage in the late 19th century.

下颌骨的最低点，是下巴最为向外突出的点，来源于希腊语jaw一词，加上-ion后缀，直到19世纪末期人们才开始使用这个词。

glabella

印堂

The glabella is the smooth part of the forehead, between and directly above the eyebrows¹⁸. The term comes from the Latin glaber, meaning ‘without hair, smooth, bald’. It is used medically to test for dehydration¹⁹, as the skin becomes wrinkled and shrivelled when dehydrated.

额头眉间稍高处平整光滑的部分。这个术语来源于拉丁语glaber, 意为“没有毛发、平整、光秃”。医学上用以测试是否脱水，因为脱水时皮肤会收缩、形成褶皱。