Important Facts About Women and Salary Negotiation¹

女性在薪水谈判方面的一些重要事实

Why do women earn less money than men – and how much less do they really make? When it comes to the gender² pay gap, nothing is off-limits for debate. In particular, critics who say that the gender pay gap is much smaller than 77 cents on the dollar argue that women's choice has a lot to do with why they earn less than men. They claim that women's lower earnings³ is not so much a pay gap, but a wage gap – and if women don't negotiate salary, for instance, then why worry about their lower earnings?

为什么女性比男性挣得少呢——她们的收入到底比男性少多少呢？当谈论到性别收入差距的时候，没有什么是不能讨论的。特别是，一些评论家指出性别收入差距远小于77美分，而且提出女性的选择与她们比男性收入低有很大关系。他们声称，女性较低的收入并不是差距很大——例如，既然女性不进行薪水谈判，那么她们怎么会担心自己较低的收入呢？

The problem, of course, is that for working women, it's not a simple matter of "don't ask, don't get."

当然，这一问题只是针对于工作的女性，这并不是“不问，不得”简单的一件事。

Salary negotiation is a pretty big deal when it comes to lifetime earnings, so the fact that women do it less than men is important. The difference was relatively⁴ small, but among those surveyed as a part of PayScale's Salary Negotiation Guide, 42 percent of women reported having asked for a raise in their current field compared with 44 percent of men. Additionally, women were far more likely to report that they avoided negotiation due to "feeling uncomfortable" than men. Thirty-one percent of women said they chose not to negotiate for this reason compared with just 23 percent of men.

薪水谈判是一件很重要的事，因为这关系到一生的收入，所以女性比男性进行薪水谈判的次数少，这一事实很关键。差别相当小，但是根据PayScale“薪水谈判指南”上面的数据，在被调查者之中，42%的女性曾在自己的职业领域要求过涨薪，44%的男性也是如此。此外，和男性相比，女性因为“感到不自在”而刻意逃避薪水谈判。与仅仅23%的男性相比，31%的女性称自己是出于这一原因而选择不进行薪水谈判。

According to what has come to be known as the Bowles study, women and men are treated differently when they attempt to negotiate. In four different experiments, researchers found evidence that when women asked for better compensation, they were significantly more likely than men to be penalized⁵ (fewer wanted to work with them or hire them) by male evaluators. This fact helps to explain why women are less likely than men to negotiate in the first place.

根据一项名叫“鲍尔斯研究”的数据，当男性和女性尝试进行薪水谈判的时候，他们的待遇是不同的。在4个不同的试验中，研究者发现了一项证据：当女性要求更好的薪资待遇的时候，与男性相比，她们更加有可能会遭到男性评估者的惩罚（很少有人会愿意和女性共事或者雇佣她们）。这一事实有助于解释与男性相比，女性很少谈判薪水的首要原因。