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谷歌工程师预言人类大脑意识2045年可上传计算机
添加时间:2016-07-22 20:45:56 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • People have always dreamed about going beyond the limitations of their bodies: the pain, illness and, above all, death. Now a new movement is dressing1 up this ancient drive in new technological2 clothes.

    人类一直在梦想着要超脱肉体的限制:不受痛苦、疾病和死亡的威胁。而现在,在新科技的帮助之下,这一古老的渴求又向前迈进了一步。

    Referred to as transhumanism, it is the belief that science will provide a futuristic way for humans to evolve beyond their current physical forms and realise these dreams of transcendence.

    这一技术被称为“超人类主义”,简单来说,就是科学技术将为人类提供一种未来派技术,使人们超越当前人类生理形态,并且实现“超然”的梦想。

    Perhaps the most dramatic way transhumanists believe that technology will transform the human condition is the idea that someone's mind could be converted into digital data and 'uploaded' into an immensely powerful computer. This would allow you to live in a world of unbounded virtual experiences and effectively achieve immortality3 (as long as someone remembers to do the backups and doesn't switch you off).

    超人类主义认为有很多方法可以改变人类的形态,而其中可能最戏剧性的方法就是能够把某人的思想转换成为数字化数据,然后上传到一个非常强大的计算机里。这使得你生活在一个无限虚拟体验的世界,并且获得了数字化永生。(只要有人记得做备份,还不会关掉你的话)。

    Yet transhumanists seem to ignore the fact that this kind of mind-uploading has some insurmountable obstacles.

    不过,超人类主义者忽略了一个重要事实,意识上传存在着一些不可超越的障碍。

    The practical difficulties mean it couldn't happen in the foreseeable future, but there are also some more fundamental problems with the whole concept. The idea of brain uploading is a staple4 of science fiction.

    实际困难意味着它无法发生在可预见的未来,但是这个整体概念存在许多根本性问题,当前大脑意识上传仅是科幻小说情节。

    The author and director of engineering at Google, Ray Kurzweil, has perhaps done the most to popularise the idea that it might become reality – perhaps as soon as 2045.

    谷歌公司工程部主管雷·库茨韦尔是超人类主义概念的积极推广者,他认为人类大脑意识上传到计算机最早将于2045年实现。

    Recently, the economist5 Robin6 Hanson has explored in detail the consequences of such a scenario7 for society and the economy.

    近期,经济学家罗宾·汉森探索了超人类主义对未来经济和社会的影响。

    He imagines a world in which all work is carried out by disembodied emulations of human minds, running in simulations of virtual reality using city-size cloud computing8 facilities. It's a short step from the idea that our minds could be uploaded, to the notion that they already have been and that we are already living in a Matrix-style computer simulation.

    汉森假想了一个世界,所有的工作都是由无实体的仿真人类意识来完成的,使用一座城市大小的云计算设备进行虚拟现实操作。从人类的思想可以被上传这个点子,到人类已经有了的概念、以及我们人类已经生活在一个矩阵式计算机模拟世界中的这一事实,并不遥远。

    Technology entrepreneur Elon Musk9 recently revived this discussion by arguing the chance that we are not living in a computer simulation was only 'one in billions'. Of course, this is just a technological revival10 of the idea that reality is an illusion, which has been discussed by philosophers and mystics for hundreds of years.

    而著名科技企业家埃隆·马斯克表示,未来人类不存在于计算机虚拟系统的概率仅为“数十亿分之一”。当然,这只是从科技上对“现实是一种虚幻”这一概念的再讨论,在数百年的时间里,哲学家和神秘主义者们已经就这一问题展开了许多次的讨论。

    But there are some serious problems with the idea that we could upload our minds to a computer.

    但是对于人类可以上传思维到计算机中这一想法仍存在着诸多问题。

    To start with, the practical issue: our brains each have trillions of connections between 86 billion or so neurons. To replicate11 the mind digitally we would have to map each of these connections, something that is far beyond our current capabilities12. With the current speed of development of computers and imaging technologies, we might be able to do this in a few decades but only for a dead and sectioned brain.

    首先,实际性的问题:人类大脑中有860亿左右的神经元,在这些神经元之间有上万亿个神经连接。为了复制数字化大脑,我们必须绘制出这些大脑神经元的每个连接,这远超出当前我们的理解范围。就目前计算机和成像技术的发展速度来说,我们可能在几十年后实现这一想法,但是对象只能是一个已经死亡了的大脑的切片。

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    1 dressing [ˈdresɪŋ] 1uOzJG   第7级
    n.(食物)调料;包扎伤口的用品,敷料
    参考例句:
    • Don't spend such a lot of time in dressing yourself. 别花那么多时间来打扮自己。
    • The children enjoy dressing up in mother's old clothes. 孩子们喜欢穿上妈妈旧时的衣服玩。
    2 technological [ˌteknə'lɒdʒɪkl] gqiwY   第7级
    adj.技术的;工艺的
    参考例句:
    • A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change. 一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
    • Today, the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements. 当今,随着科技进步,生活节奏不断增快。
    3 immortality [ˌimɔ:'tæliti] hkuys   第7级
    n.不死,不朽
    参考例句:
    • belief in the immortality of the soul 灵魂不灭的信念
    • It was like having immortality while you were still alive. 仿佛是当你仍然活着的时候就得到了永生。
    4 staple [ˈsteɪpl] fGkze   第7级
    n.主要产物,常用品,主要要素,原料,订书钉,钩环;adj.主要的,重要的;vt.分类
    参考例句:
    • Tea is the staple crop here. 本地产品以茶叶为大宗。
    • Potatoes are the staple of their diet. 土豆是他们的主要食品。
    5 economist [ɪˈkɒnəmɪst] AuhzVs   第8级
    n.经济学家,经济专家,节俭的人
    参考例句:
    • He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem. 他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
    • He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers. 他是个经济学家,自以为什么都懂。
    6 robin [ˈrɒbɪn] Oj7zme   第10级
    n.知更鸟,红襟鸟
    参考例句:
    • The robin is the messenger of spring. 知更鸟是报春的使者。
    • We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin. 我们看见了一只知更鸟,知道春天要到了。
    7 scenario [səˈnɑ:riəʊ] lZoxm   第7级
    n.剧本,脚本;概要
    参考例句:
    • But the birth scenario is not completely accurate. 然而分娩脚本并非完全准确的。
    • This is a totally different scenario. 这是完全不同的剧本。
    8 computing [kəm'pju:tiŋ] tvBzxs   第7级
    n.计算
    参考例句:
    • to work in computing 从事信息处理
    • Back in the dark ages of computing, in about 1980, they started a software company. 早在计算机尚未普及的时代(约1980年),他们就创办了软件公司。
    9 musk [mʌsk] v6pzO   第11级
    n.麝香, 能发出麝香的各种各样的植物,香猫
    参考例句:
    • Musk is used for perfume and stimulant. 麝香可以用作香料和兴奋剂。
    • She scented her clothes with musk. 她用麝香使衣服充满了香味。
    10 revival [rɪˈvaɪvl] UWixU   第8级
    n.复兴,复苏,(精力、活力等的)重振
    参考例句:
    • The period saw a great revival in the wine trade. 这一时期葡萄酒业出现了很大的复苏。
    • He claimed the housing market was showing signs of a revival. 他指出房地产市场正出现复苏的迹象。
    11 replicate [ˈreplɪkeɪt] PVAxN   第9级
    vt.折叠,复制,模写;vi.重复;折转;n.同样的样品;adj.转折的
    参考例句:
    • The DNA of chromatin must replicate before cell division. 染色质DNA在细胞分裂之前必须复制。
    • It is also easy to replicate, as the next subsection explains. 就像下一个小节详细说明的那样,它还可以被轻易的复制。
    12 capabilities [ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlɪti:z] f7b11037f2050959293aafb493b7653c   第7级
    n.能力( capability的名词复数 );可能;容量;[复数]潜在能力
    参考例句:
    • He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大,自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
    • Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为,标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

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