What do Russian, American, Japanese and Chinese astronauts eat in space? Do they eat the same things as on earth or something totally different? Are these foods tasty? The truth may blow your mind.

俄罗斯、美国、日本和中国的宇航员在太空中吃什么？他们吃的东西和在地球上一样还是完全不同？这些食物美味吗？真相可能会打击你。

Russia

俄罗斯

As the first country to send astronauts into space, Russia started to develop space food since the early 1960s.

作为第一个将宇航员送入太空的国家，自20世纪70年代初，俄罗斯就开始发展宇航食品。

Food that can be sucked was the earliest type of space food, but astronauts still felt hungry after eating them.

宇航食品的最初版本是可吸入食品，但是吃完这些东西以后，宇航员仍然觉得饿。

Later, more satisfying foods like ox tongue, herring pie and chicken cutlets were then added to the menu to solve the problem.

随后，像牛舌、鲱鱼馅饼和鸡肉饼这样更容易果腹的食物被加入菜单，解决了宇航员吃不饱的问题。

Now Russian astronauts can enjoy a variety of food similar to on earth, such as black bread, honey cake, ham, quail¹, Polish pike, Russian cheese and sturgeon.

如今，俄罗斯宇航员已经可以享用一系列和地球食物相近的食品了，比如黑面包，蜂蜜蛋糕，火腿、鹌鹑，波兰梭子鱼，俄罗斯奶酪和鲟鱼。

Food is stored in special packages, and astronauts can eat them with a spoon or fork rather than suck them with a straw.

食物被储存在特制包装里，宇航员可以用勺子或者叉子食用它们，而不是用吸管吸食。

US

美国

Fast food is the main food for American astronauts. The range of delicious food includes sausage pies, spicy² grilled³ fish, potato roast beef, butter bread, tempeh broth⁴, tuna salad and drinks like Coca-cola.

快餐是美国宇航员的主要食物。这些美味的食物包括香肠派、麻辣烤鱼、土豆烧牛肉、黄油面包、豆豉汤、金枪鱼沙拉和可口可乐这样的饮料。

Japan

日本

Japanese space food expresses their unique cultural identity. Japan Aerospace⁵ Exploration Agency displayed 29 different types of space food at an exhibition in Tokyo in June, 2007.

日本的宇航食品表达出它特有的文化特性。2007年6月在东京举行的展览会上，日本宇宙航空研究开发机构展示了29种不同类别的太空食物。

Most of these are traditional Japanese food, including rice balls, tomato fish, curry⁶ noodles, mountain vegetables, beans, glutinous⁷ rice, and sweets.

绝大多数食物都是日本传统食物，包括饭团、番茄鱼、咖喱面、高山蔬菜、豆类、糯米、和甜食。

China

中国

Chinese space food has become more diverse and delicious in recent years. In 2003, there were 20 or 30 types of food for China's first astronaut, Yang Liwei, who was carried aloft by Shenzhou V.

近年来，中国宇航食品已经变得越来越多样且美味。2003年，中国首位搭载神舟五号进入太空的航天员杨利伟的食谱里，有20到30种食品。

On Shenzhou VII which blasted off in 2012, there were about 70 types of items.

2012年升入太空的神舟七号，有大约70种食品。

The first breakfast for crew members was assorted⁸ fried rice, dried braised Pleurotus eryngoes, pickled cabbage and pork, pickled mustard, Char⁹ Siu Sauce and milk tea.

船员的第一顿早餐是什锦炒饭、烩干杏鲍菇、酸菜猪肉汤、榨菜、叉烧酱和奶茶。

The menu for Shenzhou X has expanded to more than 80 types of food, with moon cake and ice cream on the list.

神州十号的菜单已经扩充到80多种食品种类，包括月饼和冰淇淋都在菜单里。

Shenzhou XI, on the other hand, carries more than 100 types of food and beverages¹⁰, including spiced beef and shredded¹¹ pork in garlic sauce, a popular dish in almost every Sichuan cuisine¹² restaurant, and desserts.

此外，神州十一号运载了100多种食品和饮料进入太空，包括五香牛肉、甜品和猪肉碎蒜酱，后者几乎在每间四川餐厅里都很流行。

Recipes were designed and arranged in accordance with nutritional¹³ requirements in different phases of the mission.

菜谱根据不同任务阶段对营养的需要设计并且安排。

For example, the astronauts can eat congees¹⁴ if they lack appetite during their first days in space; Chinese food therapy will be adopted in the middle phase in line with the changes in the astronauts' physical conditions; while in the latter stage, food with low dietary fiber¹⁵ along with multivitamins will kick in.

比如，刚进入太空的头几天，如果宇航员食欲不振，他们可以喝粥；在宇航探索中期，将根据宇航员身体状况的变化使用中国食疗法；在宇航探索的最后阶段，低膳食纤维并且含有多种维生素的食物会介入。

The recipe will change every five days during their 33-day stay in space. All food can keep for more than one year and are free from preservatives¹⁶.

在33天的宇宙探索过程中，每五天更换一次食谱。所有食品的保质期都超过一年，并且不含防腐剂。