The signs and symptoms of acute leukemia in children depends on how much of the child’s healthy bone marrow¹ cells have been taken over by leukemia cells, as well as whether or not the leukemia cells have clustered together in other organs—also called extramedullary spread.

儿童急性白血病的症状和体征取决于白血细胞取代多少骨髓细胞，以及白血细胞是否在其他器官里面会产生堆积，也称为髓外蔓延。

Most children will display signs (listed below) that the leukemia cells in their marrow are interfering² with the production of healthy red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

大多数孩子都将显示一些迹象(下面列出)，在骨髓里面的白血病细胞正干扰健康的红细胞、白细胞和血小板的产生。

Don't forget that many of these symptoms are also signs of more benign³ conditions.

别忘了，这些症状很多都是以更良性的迹象开始。

1) Anemia⁴ (low red blood cells)

1）贫血（低的红细胞）

When the leukemia cells in the child’s marrow crowd out the production of red blood cells, this may lead to a condition called anemia. In anemia, there are too few red blood cells available to carry oxygen around to the tissues of the body. If your child is anemic, they may be more tired or weaker than usual, look pale, or become short of breath easily.

当孩子骨髓里的白血细胞排斥红细胞的产生时，这可能会导致贫血的状况。在贫血症状中，红细胞运输到身体其他组织时携带的氧气太少。如果你的孩子是贫血,他们可能会比平常更累或更弱、脸色苍白或者容易产生呼吸急促。

2) Thrombocytopenia (low platelets)

2）血小板减少（低的血小板）

If the bone marrow becomes too overcrowded by leukemia cells to produce normal numbers of platelets, a condition called thrombocytopenia occurs. In thrombocytopenia, too few platelets are available to help the blood form clots⁵. Your child may bruise⁶ or bleed very easily.

如果骨髓里的白血细胞太多，会对正常血小板数量的产生有影响，那么这种状况称为血小板减少症。血小板减少症、血小板太少不利于血液形成凝块，你的孩子可能很容易擦伤或流血。

3) Frequent Infections

3）频繁感染

The white blood cells that are over-produced in leukemia are abnormal and to not fight infection.

在白血病中，白细胞的过多产生是不正常的，而且不能对抗感染。

You may notice your child has been getting a lot of fevers and infections that they can’t seem to fight off.

你可能会注意到你的孩子得了发烧和感染时，他们似乎无法抵抗。

4) Bone or Joint Pain

4）骨头或关节疼痛

As the marrow in the center of the child’s bones becomes crowded and full of leukemia cells, they may complain of pain in their bones or joints⁷, or you may notice they are limping or walking abnormally.

随着孩子骨骼中心的骨髓变得拥堵和白血病细胞的充斥，他们会感到骨头或关节疼痛，或者你可能会注意到他们正一瘸一拐的行走。