Global carmakers are grappling with forthcoming rules requiring them to produce electric vehicles in China, the world’s largest car market.

全球汽车制造商正在努力应对中国即将出台的有关要求车企生产电动汽车的规则。中国是全球最大的汽车市场。

While still under discussion, a draft of the rules — seen by several auto² industry leaders at this month’s Shanghai Auto show — would require as much as 8 per cent of their sales in China to be electric vehicles as early as next year.

虽然规则仍在讨论中，但根据几位汽车行业领袖在近日举行的上海车展上看到的一份草案，最早从明年起，汽车厂商在华销量中电动汽车积分比例要求达到8%。

Carmakers who missed the target would be forced to buy expensive “credits” from competitors who overshot. The quota³ is set to grow in subsequent years, according to drafts of the rules seen by executives.

积分不达标的企业要向积分富余的企业购买“昂贵”的积分。根据这些高管们看到的规则草案，在随后几年里，电动车积分比例还会逐步提高。

However, the precise percentages and the way they are calculated are still being discussed, the executives said.

但高管们表示，具体的积分比例以及积分计算方式目前仍在讨论中。

“It's early days — and how [the rules] are implemented⁴ remains⁵ to be seen,” said Ian Robertson, a member of BMW’s board, who said the carmaker was prepared to meet whatever quota was imposed.

“现在是早期阶段——（规则）如何执行仍有待观察，”宝马(BMW)董事会成员伊恩?罗伯逊(Ian Robertson)说。他表示，无论积分比例定为多少，宝马都会力求达标。

Trevor Worthington, Ford’s vice-president, said the company met weekly with the Chinese government to discuss the policies. The carmaker planned to market its first hybrid⁶ vehicle in China next year, while Chinese-owned Volvo said it would introduce its first 100-per cent electric car in China in 2019.

福特(Ford)副总裁特雷弗?沃辛顿(Trevor Worthington)表示，该公司每周都与中国政府部门会晤讨论这些政策。福特计划明年在中国销售其首款混合动力车。由中资所有的沃尔沃(Volvo)也表示2019年将在中国推出首款纯电动汽车。

The new rules are designed to encourage the local production of battery-powered cars by allowing makers¹ to trade credits. Various types of vehicles will be counted differently towards satisfying the quota, a number of auto industry leaders said — a fully electric car would count more than a hybrid, for example.

新规则旨在通过允许汽车制造商交易积分，来鼓励它们在国内生产电池动力汽车。很多汽车行业领袖表示，不同类型的汽车积分也不同，比如说纯电动汽车的积分会高于混合动力车。

Jochem Heizmann, Volkswagen China’s chief executive, said the company was making preparations to produce electric vehicles in China next year, together with Anhui Jianghuai Automobile⁷ (JAC Motors), one of VW’s joint venture partners in the country, and planned to meet the electric vehicle quota without buying credits.

大众中国(Volkswagen China)首席执行官约赫姆?海兹曼(Jochem Heizmann)表示，大众正筹备明年与江淮汽车(JAC Motors)在中国联合生产电动汽车——后者是大众在中国的合资伙伴之一——并计划自行满足电动汽车生产配额，而不购买积分。

“We are fully with all forces working to be able to fulfil this quota system next year," he said last week.

“我们正在全力以赴，力争明年能够达标，”他在上周表示。

The main beneficiaries of the new policy will be companies that produce electric vehicles locally — such as BYD and BAIC, the largest sellers of electric vehicles in China, which will probably be able to sell excess credits.

新政策的主要受益方将是在中国国内生产电动汽车的公司，如比亚迪(BYD)和北汽集团(BAIC)，这两家公司是中国电动汽车销量最大的车企，它们将有可能出售多余的积分。

Locally produced electric vehicles already take advantage of a range of subsidies⁸ and incentives⁹ — the central government offered subsidies for new EVs of as much as Rmb55,000 ($8,000), while local government subsidies were of similar value, according to BYD.

本土生产的电动汽车已享有一系列补贴和激励。据比亚迪表示，中国中央政府为新电动汽车提供高达5.5万元人民币（合8000美元）的补贴，地方政府也提供类似额度的补贴。

However, these subsidies have decreased this year by 20 per cent and are to be phased out over time. Ultimately the electric vehicle quota trading scheme is supposed to replace government incentives.

不过今年这些补贴减少了20%，以后还将逐步取消。最终，电动汽车积分交易制被认为将取代政府激励政策。

In addition to subsidies, local governments award licence plates to electric vehicles without restriction¹⁰, while buying a new petrol-powered car in many cities requires purchasing a licence plate via auction¹¹, which can add thousands of dollars to the price of the car.

除了享受补贴，各地电动汽车上牌不受限制，而在许多城市，购买新的燃油汽车需要通过摇号购买汽车牌照，这可能导致购车成本增加数千美元。

Last year, China was the world’s largest purchaser of electric vehicles, buying more than 300,000. China’s 13th five-year plan that came into effect last year set an ambitious target for cumulative¹² sales of EV’s to reach more than 5m by 2020.

去年，中国成为全球电动汽车销量最大的国家，销量超过30万辆。去年进入实施阶段的中国“十三五规划”制定了一个雄心勃勃的目标：到2020年中国电动车的保有量目标是500万辆。