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据传儿童做CT扫描有致癌风险
添加时间:2017-05-31 21:25:23 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • A new study offers the most solid evidence to date that radiation from CT scans increases children's risk of developing leukemia and head and neck cancer.

    一项新研究提供了迄今为止最确凿的证据,证明CT扫描产生的辐射将增加儿童罹患白血病和头颈部癌症的风险。

    Children and adolescents who received two to three computed1 tomography scans of the head were three times as likely to develop brain cancer as those in the general population, according to the study of 176,587 children.

    6月6日《柳叶刀》(Lancet)杂志网站发表了这项对176,587名儿童所进行研究的结果,研究显示,接受过二至三次CT扫描的儿童和青少年患脑癌的概率是普通人的三倍,接受过五至10次头部CT扫描的儿童患白血病的风险则是普通人的三倍。

    The study, published online Wednesday in the journal Lancet, also said the risk of contracting leukemia was three times as great for children who received five to 10 CT scans of the head.

    这项研究的作者强调,整体患癌概率仍然非常低,而且CT扫描的直接好处(例如检查头部损伤)仍然大于风险。

    The study's authors emphasized that the overall likelihood of getting the cancers remained very small and that the immediate2 benefits of the scans, such as in detecting head injuries, still outweigh3 the risks.

    这项研究发现,每接受一次CT扫描,患癌风险就随之升高,即使对于只接受过一次CT扫描(以前被称为CAT扫描)的人,风险也有升高。

    The report found cancer risk grew with each scan received, and there was an elevated risk even in those who received only one CT, formerly4 called a CAT scan.

    以前的研究提出了对于CT扫描增加致癌风险的担忧;这份报告则提出了第一个关于这种联系强度的直接证据。它研究了英国国民健康服务(National Health Service)对22岁前接受过一次CT扫描的病人记录,并考察了他们平均10年后的病史。

    Previous studies raised concerns about cancer risk from the scans; this report offers the first direct evidence of the magnitude of the link. It examined the U.K.'s National Health Service records of patients who had received a CT before age 22 and looked at their medical history for an average of 10 years afterward5.

    纽卡斯尔大学(Newcastle University)名誉主席、该论文的作者之一艾伦•克拉夫特(Alan Craft)称,"这篇论文证实,辐射,即使是相对低剂量的辐射,也会导致"罹患特定癌症的"风险。没有安全剂量。"

    "This paper confirms that radiation, even in relatively6 low doses, does lead to risk' of certain cancers, said Alan Craft, emeritus7 chair at Newcastle University and an author of the paper. 'There is no safe dose."

    增加的风险意味着,每10,000个做过CT扫描的10岁以下的病人,在第一次做CT扫描10年后患白血病的病例将多出一例,或者每30,000个做过CT扫描的10岁以下的病人,在第一次做CT扫描10年后患脑癌的病例将多出一例。

    The increased risk corresponded to one additional case of leukemia in the 10 years after the first scan for every 10,000 patients younger than 10 who were scanned, or to an extra case of brain cancer for every 30,000 such people scanned.

    CT扫描结合了一系列不同角度的X光,以提供骨骼和软组织的复合视图。该研究的重点是头部扫描,因为脑部被认为是对辐射高度敏感的部位。研究的考察对象是年轻人,因为他们的组织比成年人更易受影响,而且癌症可能需要很长时间才会形成。

    CT scans combine a sequence of X-rays from different angles to offer a composite view of bone and soft tissue. The study focused on head scans since the brain is believed to have heightened sensitivity to radiation. It looked at young people since their tissue is more susceptible8 than adults' and cancer can take a long time to develop.

    克拉夫特博士称,美国病人接受CT扫描的可能性是英国病人的五倍。在美国,2011年使用了8,530万次CT扫描,是20世纪90年代初的四倍。

    Patients are five times as likely to receive a CT scan in the U.S. as in the U.K., said Dr. Craft. In the U.S., use of CT scans quadrupled to 85.3 million in 2011 since the early 1990s.

    美国放射学会儿科放射成像委员会(American College of Radiology Pediatric Imaging Commission)主席马尔塔•舒尔曼(Marta Schulman)称,该项研究进一步支持了病人只应在必要时进行CT扫描,并且尽可能使用最低剂量辐射的扫描。

    Marta Schulman, chair of the American College of Radiology Pediatric Imaging Commission, said the study adds to the impetus9 that patients should be scanned only when necessary and with the lowest dose of radiation possible.

    美国正在努力限制对儿童过度使用CT扫描,包括2009年8月发起的"温柔成像"(Image Gently)倡议,该倡议由一个致力于改变医疗实践的医疗组织联盟牵头。

    Efforts are under way in the U.S. to curb10 overuse of CT scanning in children, including the Image Gently initiative, launched in August 2009 and spearheaded by a coalition11 of health-care organizations dedicated12 to changing medical practice.

    在6月6日发表的这项研究中,已经被诊断出癌症的病人或在做完CT扫描后二年内患上癌症的病人被剔除,以降低不接受CT扫描也会得癌的病人虚增风险计算结果的可能。

    In Wednesday's study, patients who already had cancer diagnoses or who developed cancer within two years of a CT scan were excluded, to decrease the likelihood that risk calculations would be inflated13 by patients who would have developed cancer without getting a CT scan.

    这项研究是五国机构研究人员的合作,它由英国卫生部(U.K. Department of Health)和美国国家卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health)共同资助。

     10级    英语科普 


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    1 computed [kəmˈpju:tid] 5a317d3dd3f7a2f675975a6d0c11c629   第7级
    adj.[医]计算的,使用计算机的v.计算,估算( compute的过去式和过去分词 )
    参考例句:
    • He computed that the project would take seven years to complete. 他估计这项计划要花七年才能完成。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • Resolving kernels and standard errors can also be computed for each block. 还可以计算每个块体的分辨核和标准误差。 来自辞典例句
    2 immediate [ɪˈmi:diət] aapxh   第7级
    adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的
    参考例句:
    • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call. 他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
    • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting. 我们主张立即召开这个会议。
    3 outweigh [ˌaʊtˈweɪ] gJlxO   第8级
    vt.比...更重,...更重要
    参考例句:
    • The merits of your plan outweigh the defects. 你制定的计划其优点胜过缺点。
    • One's merits outweigh one's short-comings. 功大于过。
    4 formerly [ˈfɔ:məli] ni3x9   第8级
    adv.从前,以前
    参考例句:
    • We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard. 我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
    • This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China. 这船从前航行在中国内河里。
    5 afterward ['ɑ:ftəwəd] fK6y3   第7级
    adv.后来;以后
    参考例句:
    • Let's go to the theatre first and eat afterward. 让我们先去看戏,然后吃饭。
    • Afterward, the boy became a very famous artist. 后来,这男孩成为一个很有名的艺术家。
    6 relatively [ˈrelətɪvli] bkqzS3   第8级
    adv.比较...地,相对地
    参考例句:
    • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia. 兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
    • The operation was relatively painless. 手术相对来说不痛。
    7 emeritus [iˈmerɪtəs] ypixp   第12级
    adj.名誉退休的
    参考例句:
    • "Perhaps I can introduce Mr. Lake Kirby, an emeritus professor from Washington University?" 请允许我介绍华盛顿大学名誉教授莱克柯尔比先生。
    • He will continue as chairman emeritus. 他将会继续担任荣誉主席。
    8 susceptible [səˈseptəbl] 4rrw7   第7级
    adj.过敏的,敏感的;易动感情的,易受感动的
    参考例句:
    • Children are more susceptible than adults. 孩子比成人易受感动。
    • We are all susceptible to advertising. 我们都易受广告的影响。
    9 impetus [ˈɪmpɪtəs] L4uyj   第7级
    n.推动,促进,刺激;推动力
    参考例句:
    • This is the primary impetus behind the economic recovery. 这是促使经济复苏的主要动力。
    • Her speech gave an impetus to my ideas. 她的讲话激发了我的思绪。
    10 curb [kɜ:b] LmRyy   第7级
    n.场外证券市场,场外交易;vt.制止,抑制
    参考例句:
    • I could not curb my anger. 我按捺不住我的愤怒。
    • You must curb your daughter when you are in church. 你在教堂时必须管住你的女儿。
    11 coalition [ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃn] pWlyi   第8级
    n.结合体,同盟,结合,联合
    参考例句:
    • The several parties formed a coalition. 这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
    • Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties. 联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。
    12 dedicated [ˈdedɪkeɪtɪd] duHzy2   第9级
    adj.一心一意的;献身的;热诚的
    参考例句:
    • He dedicated his life to the cause of education. 他献身于教育事业。
    • His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design. 他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。
    13 inflated [ɪnˈfleɪtɪd] Mqwz2K   第8级
    adj.(价格)飞涨的;(通货)膨胀的;言过其实的;充了气的v.使充气(于轮胎、气球等)( inflate的过去式和过去分词 );(使)膨胀;(使)通货膨胀;物价上涨
    参考例句:
    • He has an inflated sense of his own importance. 他自视过高。
    • They all seem to take an inflated view of their collective identity. 他们对自己的集体身份似乎都持有一种夸大的看法。 来自《简明英汉词典》

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