1.Sugar Causes Diabetes¹

1.糖会引发糖尿病

One of the more prevalent sugar myths is that it causes diabetes. This misconception likely occurs because diabetics' blood sugar levels are often out of whack², so they have to watch their sugar intake³. But in general, there is no direct cause and effect between sugar consumption and the development of diabetes with one exception, which we'll discuss in a minute.

更普遍的一个对糖的误解就是糖会引发糖尿病。出现这样的误解可能是因为糖尿病患者的血糖含量并不规律，所以他们必须时刻注意糖的摄入量。但总的来说，糖的摄入和糖尿病的发生没有直接因果关系。只有一个例外情况，我们马上会说到这个问题。

There are three main types of diabetes:

糖尿病主要有三种类型：

Type 1 diabetes develops if your body's pancreas can't make insulin. Insulin is a hormonethat takes the sugar from the foods we eat and allows it to enter our tissues, where our body can use it as fuel, or energy. If your pancreas is making insulin, but it's not enough or the insulin doesn't work properly, you'll have Type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes typically occurs in people who are overweight, inactive and eat a diet high in calories from any source, not just sweets. Some pregnant women develop gestational diabetes when the hormonal⁴ changes from pregnancy⁵ affect the way their insulin works.

如果你体内的胰腺不能分泌胰岛素，就会导致第一种糖尿病。胰岛素是一种激素，它从我们所吃的食物中汲取糖并让糖被我们的组织吸收，以此提供能量。如果你的胰腺分泌胰岛素，但是胰岛素含量不够或者胰岛素不能正常工作，你就会得第二种糖尿病。这种糖尿病通常发生在超重的人身上，他们不爱运动，经常吃各种高热量食物，不仅仅是糖果。有些孕妇会患妊娠糖尿病，这是因为她们怀孕时激素发生改变，从而改变了胰岛素的作用方式。

So what's the exception to the sugar-diabetes linkage⁶? People who regularly down lots of sugary drinks (sugar-sweetened soda, fruit drinks) are more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes. Of course, many people who guzzle⁷ sugary drinks are overweight and eat poorly, two factors that can cause Type 2, but studies show even those who are trim and eat healthily are more likely to develop diabetes if they're also drinking lots of sugary drinks.

所以刚刚提到的那个特例究竟是什么呢？经常豪饮含糖饮料（含糖苏打，果汁）的人更易患第二种糖尿病。当然，许多爱喝高含糖饮料的人都超重，但是吃的很少，这是第二种糖尿病的两个致病因素。不过也有研究表明，身材苗条、饮食健康的人一旦饮用大量含糖饮料，更容易患得糖尿病。