When you've got to go, you've got to go. It's annoying and uncomfortable when you can't. On a train, for example. The toilet's in such a state you can't face going in. Or on a plane. Maybe a couple are awkwardly joining the Mile High Club and you're having some trouble. Or you've been stuck on a bus for 18 years. The driver won't let you off.

当你憋不住的时候，一定要去上厕所！但当你上不了厕所的时候，憋着会令人恼火、不舒服。比如，在火车上：厕所的状况惨不忍睹，根本去不了。或者在飞机上：一对小夫妻正在空震，而你却在这个时候想上厕所。或者你已经被困在车上长达18年，而司机就是不让你下车。

It turns out holding on to go to the loo is also quite bad for your health. In most cases, it's nothing to worry about. But there a few reasons why you shouldn't wait too long.

结果表明，憋着不去上厕所实则对健康十分有害。大多数情况下，这的确不值得担心，但以下这些原因解释了为什么不能憋太久。

Burst bladder

膀胱"胀破"

Hugely unlikely. But if it happens, it's bad. When the bladder bursts, urine fills the abdomen¹, and emergency surgery is required. When this happens, your muscles that allow you to hold on weaken, and there's a greater chance of wetting yourself. It also makes going for a wee more difficult. In severe cases, a catheter might be needed.

虽然极不可能，但如果发生这种情况，就糟糕了。当膀胱胀破，尿液充满腹部时，需要进行急诊手术。发生这种情况时，憋尿的肌肉会变得松弛无力，从而更有可能尿裤子。这也可能使上厕所更为困难。严重情况下，可能需要导管。

Infection

感染

Again, don't worry about this. It probably won't happen. But holding on too long does increase the chance of getting an infected urinary tract². It's called a UTI. It's down to bacteria. Studies show that holding your wee for too long can cause bacteria to build up and multiply. This can cause pain and stinging, and make your pee dark and strong smelling. If this happens, you'll need antibiotics³. Go to the doctor.

再说一次，不用担心这一点。这也不大可能发生。但憋得太久的确会增加感染泌尿道的几率，也就是所谓的尿路感染。这是由细菌侵袭引起的。研究表明，憋得太久会导致细菌滋生、繁殖。从而导致疼痛、刺痛感，使得小便颜色浓、味道烈。如发生这种情况，你需要服用抗生素。去看医生吧。

Incontinence

失禁

This might happen eventually. But you don't want to speed up the process. Incontinence is simply not being able to hold your wee. It's caused by weakening pelvic floor muscles and a weak bladder. If you hold on too long, this speeds up the process.

人到终年可能都会小便失禁。但你并不希望加快这一进程吧。小便不受控制即属于失禁。这是盆底肌肉变得松弛以及膀胱虚弱所致。如果憋尿太久，就会加速小便失禁的进程。

Kidney stones

肾结石

Bad news. Kidney stones form when waste products in the blood form crystals over time. Most kidney stones can be passed out in your wee. It hurts the bigger they are. In some cases, they'll be too big, and surgery is required.

坏消息。当废弃物随着时间的推移在血液中形成晶体时，肾结石就会形成。大多数的肾结石可以通过小便排出。但越大越痛。有时候肾结石非常大，这种情况就需要进行手术。