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历经4次大地震的比萨斜塔为何能屹立不倒
添加时间:2018-06-20 08:27:53 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • ew research has revealed how the iconic Leaning Tower of Pisa has managed to stay standing1 -- and intact -- in the face of four strong earthquakes and a precarious2 lean of five degrees.

    意大利的标志性建筑比萨斜塔有5度的倾斜度,而且还历经4次大地震,却依然屹立不倒,完好无损,最新的研究揭开了这个谜底。

    The vulnerability of the Unesco World Heritage Site has mystified engineers and scientists for millennia3. Moderate seismic4 activity was expected to significantly damage the 58m tall Tower, or even result in collapse5 but, incredibly, this has not happened.

    比萨斜塔高58米,被评为联合国教科文组织世界遗产。一千年来,比萨斜塔的脆弱性一直令工程师和科学家们困惑不已。按说,中度地震活动应该就能导致它严重受损甚至倒塌,但现实中这样的情形并未发生,令人不可思议。

    A research group of 16 engineers at the University of Bristol has now discovered that the considerable height and stiffness of the Tower, combined with the softness of the foundation soil, ensure it doesn't resonate with earthquake ground motion.

    英国布里斯托尔大学一个由16名工程师组成的研究小组如今发现,比萨斜塔如此的高度及其坚硬的建筑材料与松软的地基土壤结合在一起,使它不会与地震发生时的地表活动产生共振。

    This phenomenon6 is known as dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI) and the Tower now holds the auspicious7 title of world record holder8 in DSSI effects.

    这种现象被称为“土壤-建筑结构”动态相互作用(DSSI),幸运的是,比萨斜塔现在是DSSI效应的世界纪录保持者。

    历经4次大地震的比萨斜塔为何能屹立不倒?

    "Ironically, the very same soil that caused the leaning instability and brought the Tower to the verge9 of collapse, can be credited for helping10 it survive these seismic events," said Professor Mylonakis, head of the Earthquake and Geotechnical Engineering Research Group at the University of Bristol.

    布里斯托尔大学地震与岩土工程研究小组负责人米洛纳基教授说:“有意思的是,导致斜塔倾斜不稳、几乎要倒的土壤也是帮助它挺过这些地震活动的功臣。”

    The Tower continues to attract visitors keen to marvel11 at this remarkable12 architectural feat13. Construction on the Tower began in 1173 and continued for about 200 years due to the onset14 of a series of wars.

    比萨斜塔一直吸引着大量游客前来,人们惊叹其卓越的建筑成就。比萨斜塔始建于1173年,由于多次战争来袭,建筑时间持续了大约200年。

    Multiple efforts to maintain the historic structure have occurred over the years. In the 1920s, the foundations were injected with cement grouting with the intention of stabilising the Tower, while in 1990, a decision was made to completely close the site to visitors due to fears it was at risk of toppling.

    多年以来,人们为维护这一历史建筑做出多次努力。在上世纪20年代,人们在其地基中注入了水泥灌浆,以稳定塔身。在1990年,由于担心会倒塌,相关部门还决定将比萨斜塔完全对游客关闭。

    It was the first time the Tower had been closed in 800 years. It reopened again in 2001 and remains15 one of Italy's most popular tourist attractions.

    这是比萨斜塔近800年来首次对游客关闭。比萨斜塔在2001年重新开放,仍是意大利最著名的旅游景点之一。

     12级    双语 


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    1 standing [ˈstændɪŋ] 2hCzgo   第8级
    n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
    参考例句:
    • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing. 地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
    • They're standing out against any change in the law. 他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
    2 precarious [prɪˈkeəriəs] Lu5yV   第9级
    adj.不安定的,靠不住的;根据不足的
    参考例句:
    • Our financial situation had become precarious. 我们的财务状况已变得不稳定了。
    • He earned a precarious living as an artist. 作为一个艺术家,他过得是朝不保夕的生活。
    3 millennia [mi'leniə] 3DHxf   第9级
    n.一千年,千禧年
    参考例句:
    • For two millennia, exogamy was a major transgression for Jews. 两千年来,异族通婚一直是犹太人的一大禁忌。
    • In the course of millennia, the dinosaurs died out. 在几千年的时间里,恐龙逐渐死绝了。
    4 seismic [ˈsaɪzmɪk] SskyM   第10级
    a.地震的,地震强度的
    参考例句:
    • Earthquakes produce two types of seismic waves. 地震产生两种地震波。
    • The latest seismic activity was also felt in northern Kenya. 肯尼亚北部也感觉到了最近的地震活动。
    5 collapse [kəˈlæps] aWvyE   第7级
    vi.累倒;昏倒;倒塌;塌陷
    参考例句:
    • The country's economy is on the verge of collapse. 国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
    • The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse. 工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。
    6 phenomenon [fəˈnɒmɪnən] DNQxo   第8级
    n.现象,特殊的人,特殊的事物,奇迹
    参考例句:
    • Beethoven was a phenomenon among many musicians. 贝多芬是众多的音乐家中的天才。
    • How do you explain this phenomenon? 这种现象怎样解释?
    7 auspicious [ɔ:ˈspɪʃəs] vu8zs   第9级
    adj.吉利的;幸运的,吉兆的
    参考例句:
    • The publication of my first book was an auspicious beginning of my career. 我的第一本书的出版是我事业吉祥的开始。
    • With favorable weather conditions it was an auspicious moment to set sail. 风和日丽,正是扬帆出海的黄道吉日。
    8 holder [ˈhəʊldə(r)] wc4xq   第7级
    n.持有者,占有者;(台,架等)支持物
    参考例句:
    • The holder of the office of chairman is reponsible for arranging meetings. 担任主席职位的人负责安排会议。
    • That runner is the holder of the world record for the hundred-yard dash. 那位运动员是一百码赛跑世界纪录的保持者。
    9 verge [vɜ:dʒ] gUtzQ   第7级
    n.边,边缘;vi.接近,濒临
    参考例句:
    • The country's economy is on the verge of collapse. 国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
    • She was on the verge of bursting into tears. 她快要哭出来了。
    10 helping [ˈhelpɪŋ] 2rGzDc   第7级
    n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
    参考例句:
    • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
    • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来,他们在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
    11 marvel [ˈmɑ:vl] b2xyG   第7级
    vi.(at)惊叹vt.感到惊异;n.令人惊异的事
    参考例句:
    • The robot is a marvel of modern engineering. 机器人是现代工程技术的奇迹。
    • The operation was a marvel of medical skill. 这次手术是医术上的一个奇迹。
    12 remarkable [rɪˈmɑ:kəbl] 8Vbx6   第7级
    adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的
    参考例句:
    • She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills. 她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
    • These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines. 这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。
    13 feat [fi:t] 5kzxp   第7级
    n.功绩;武艺,技艺;adj.灵巧的,漂亮的,合适的
    参考例句:
    • Man's first landing on the moon was a feat of great daring. 人类首次登月是一个勇敢的壮举。
    • He received a medal for his heroic feat. 他因其英雄业绩而获得一枚勋章。
    14 onset [ˈɒnset] bICxF   第8级
    n.进攻,袭击,开始,突然开始
    参考例句:
    • The drug must be taken from the onset of the infection. 这种药必须在感染的最初期就开始服用。
    • Our troops withstood the onset of the enemy. 我们的部队抵挡住了敌人的进攻。
    15 remains [rɪˈmeɪnz] 1kMzTy   第7级
    n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
    参考例句:
    • He ate the remains of food hungrily. 他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
    • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog. 残羹剩饭喂狗了。

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