Jin Dynasty

金朝

双语阅读之中国历史:金朝灭亡

Decline

衰亡

Starting from the early 13th century the Jin Dynasty began to feel the pressure of Mongols from the north.

从13世纪初期开始，金朝逐步感受到了来自北方蒙古族的压力。

Genghis Khan first led the Mongols into Western Xia territory in 1205 and ravaged¹ them four years later.

成吉思汗先带领蒙古在1205年时攻入西夏的疆土并在4年后推翻了西夏。

In 1211 about 50 000 Mongols on horses invaded the Jin Empire and began absorbing Khitan and Jurchen rebels.

1211年，大约50000蒙古骑兵侵略金朝，开始吸收来自契丹和女真的叛徒。

The Jin army had a half million men with 150 000 cavalry² but abandoned the “western capital”.

金朝军队拥有500000兵力，其中包含150000骑兵，却丢掉了“西都城”。

The next year the Mongols went north and looted the Jin “eastern capital”, and in 1213 they besieged³ the “central capital”.

一年后，蒙古军队向北进攻，洗劫了金朝的“东都城”，1213年他们又围攻了首都。

In 1214 the Jin made a humiliating treaty but retained the capital.

1214年，金朝签订了一个丧权辱国的条约来保住都城。

That summer， Jin Emperor Xuanzong (宣宗）abandoned the central capital and moved the government to the “southern capital” of Kaifeng，making it the official seat of Jin Dynasty power.

那个夏天，金宣宗遗弃了首都，将政府迁到了“南都”开封，使其成为了金政权的所在地。

In 1216 a war faction⁴ persuaded Xuanzong to attack the Song, but in 1219 they were defeated at the same place by the Yangtze River, where Prince Hailing had been defeated in 1161.

1216年，一场内战迫使宣宗攻打宋朝，但是1219年他们却在长江边海陵王1161年战败的同一个地方被击败了。

Jin Emperor Aizong won a succession struggle against his brother and then quickly ended the war and went back to the capital.

金哀宗在于他的兄弟们连续的斗争中胜利了，他很快结束了战争，重回都城。

He made peace with the Tanguts, who had been allied⁵ with the Mongols.

他与和蒙古人结成联军的唐谷特人讲和。

Genghis Khan died in 1227 while his armies were conquering the Tangut Empire.

成吉思汗于1227年驾崩，那时候他的军队已经征服了唐谷特王朝。

His son Gedei Khan invaded the Jin Empire in 1232.

他的儿子窝阔台可汗在1232年侵略金朝。

The Jurchens tried to resist; but when Kaifeng was attacked, Aizong fled south.

女真人试图抵抗，但是当开封沦陷后，哀宗逃亡了南方。

The Mongols looted the capital in 1233, and the next year Aizong committed suicide to avoid being captured, ending the Jin dynasty in 1234.

蒙古人与1233年洗掠了都城，一年后哀宗为了不被蒙古人捕获自杀身亡，金朝于1234年亡国。