Shang Yang (original name Kung-sun Yang，died in 338 B. C.) was a Chinese statesman and thinker whose successful reorganization of the state of Qin paved the way for the eventual¹ unification of the Chinese empire by the Qin Dynasty(221 B. C.~206 B. C.).

商鞅，原名公孙鞅，卒于公元前338年，政治家、思想家。商鞅对秦国政府的成功重组为秦国最终统一中国建立秦朝(公元前221年至公元前206年)铺平了道路。

双语阅读之中国历史名人:商鞅

Shang Yang believed that the integrity of a state could be maintained only with power and that power consisted of a large army and full granaries.

商鞅认为只有军力强大、物产丰足才能维持一个国家的完整。

Entering into the service of Duke Hsiao，head of the state of Qin，Shang Yang replaced the feudal² division of the country with a system of centrally appointed governors.

被秦孝公起用后，商鞅停止了国家分治的局面，开始了中央集权。

He instituted compulsory³ military service and a new system of land division and taxation⁴ and insisted on strict and uniform administration of the law.

商鞅创建了兵役制，新的土地分配和征税制度，并且坚持严格统一地执行法律。

He is also said to have forced all persons into“productive occupations," such as farming or soldiering (but not commerce)，and to have set up a system of mutual⁵ spying among the people.

据说商鞅还强制使所有的人从事像耕作和服役(除了商业)这样的“生产职业”。

When he fell into disgrace in 338 B. C.，he was tied to chariots and torn apart.

公元前338年，商鞅失势，被车裂而死。

The work Shang Chün Shu (“Book of the Lord of Shang") probably contains writings and ideas of Shang Yang，although the exact authorship of the book is in doubt.

商君书》尽管具体的原作者尚存疑问，但它很可能有商鞅的作品和思想。

It is one of the major works of the highly pragmatic and authoritarian⁶ legalist school of Chinese philosophy.

它是非常重视实用和独裁的中国法家学派的主要著作之一。