轻松背单词新浪微博 轻松背单词腾讯微博
轻松背单词微信服务号
当前位置:首页 -> 11级英语阅读 - > 科学告诉你:关于梦的5个真相
科学告诉你:关于梦的5个真相
添加时间:2021-05-17 13:09:10 浏览次数: 作者:未知
Tip:点击数字可快速查看单词解释  
  • 梦境之所以神秘,是因为我们对梦了解得太少,也由此产生了许多关于梦的误解。本文盘点了最常见的5个误解,并一一揭示科学真相。

    [Photo/Pexels]

    1. MISCONCEPTION: EATING CHEESE BEFORE BED CAN GIVE YOU NIGHTMARES.

    误解一:睡觉前吃奶酪会做噩梦

    At one point in Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol, Ebenezer Scrooge dismisses a ghostly encounter as being just as likely from the crumb1 of cheese he had before bed. It sounds a bit odd, but cheese has historically gotten a bad rap for its ability to conjure2 nightmares. It's unlikely that a little cheddar is the root of your nighttime terrors, though.

    查尔斯·狄更斯的《圣诞颂歌》有这样一段情节:埃比尼泽·斯克鲁奇在遇见鬼魂后不以为然,认为是他睡觉前吃的奶酪碎屑在作祟。这听上去有点诡异,但是历史上奶酪一直有招来噩梦的坏名声。然而,吃一点切达干酪就让你做噩梦是不太可能的。

    In 2005, the British Cheese Board funded a study to debunk3 the myths about cheese causing nightmares. As part of the experiment, 200 participants snacked on 20 grams of cheese a half-hour before bedtime. Sixty-seven percent of cheese eaters reported remembering their dreams, but none of them recorded nightmares. The dreams they did have, however, were pretty funky4. One participant detailed5 dreaming about a vegetarian6 crocodile who was distressed7 about not being able to eat children, while another dreamed of soldiers who fought with kittens instead of guns.

    2005年,英国奶酪委员会资助了一项研究,旨在揭穿吃奶酪导致做噩梦的误解。研究开展了一项实验,让200个参与者在睡觉前半小时每人摄入20克奶酪。这些吃奶酪的人有67%报告称记得自己做的梦,但是没有人自称做了噩梦。不过他们的梦相当夸张。一名参与者梦见一条吃素的鳄鱼因为无法吃小孩而感到苦恼,另一名参与者则梦见用小猫而非枪支打仗的士兵。

    2. MISCONCEPTION: WE ONLY DREAM DURING REM SLEEP.

    误解二:我们只在快速眼动睡眠期间做梦

    There’s a lot we don’t know about dreams, but for a long time, we were certain they only occurred during REM sleep. Now, it has been proven that we actually dream during different stages of sleep. We’re just more likely to remember the dreams we have during REM sleep. These REM sleep dreams tend to be more vivid, exciting, and just plain weird8. Non-REM sleep dreams, on the other hand, are simpler and less emotional.

    我们对梦不了解的地方还有很多,但是长时间以来,人们坚信只有快速眼动睡眠期间才会做梦。如今事实证明,我们在睡眠的不同阶段都会做梦。我们只是更容易记住在快速眼动睡眠期间做的梦。在这期间做的梦通常更生动、更刺激,而且更诡异。不在快速眼动睡眠期间做的梦则更简单,也更平淡。

    3. MISCONCEPTION: DREAMS ARE ENTIRELY9 MEANINGLESS.

    误解三:梦是毫无意义的

    While it may be difficult to draw conclusions from any one particular dream, research suggests that dreams are more than just a random10 montage of scenes that flit through our brains at night. Recurring11 patterns in dreams often accurately12 reflect concerns people have about their daily lives. And those dreams you had about being unprepared for a test or showing up to class in your underwear aren’t limited to your high school days. A person is likely to have those dreams long after they’ve graduated, as they often crop up during times of stress. So, if you’re feeling extra anxious in the days leading up to a job interview, don’t be surprised if your subconscious13 revives that old math test nightmare.

    尽管根据某个特别的梦得出结论或许很难,但是研究表明,梦不只是我们的大脑在夜里闪过的随机画面组合。反复做的梦通常准确地反映出人们在日常生活中的忧虑。并不是只有在高中时代才会做那种来不及备考或穿着内衣出现在课堂上的梦。一个人可能在毕业很久之后还会做这种梦,他们通常在压力大的时候梦见这些。因此,如果你在求职面试前夕感觉特别焦虑,那么就不要奇怪你的潜意识唤醒了那个数学考试的可怕旧梦。

    4. MISCONCEPTION: REMEMBERING YOUR DREAMS IS AN INDICATOR14 OF GOOD SLEEP.

    误解四:记得梦说明你睡了个好觉

    Some people say that remembering your dreams in the morning is an indication of a good night's sleep, but that's not true. In fact, people with poor sleep are more likely to remember their dreams. According to a 2014 report in Cerebral15 Cortex, study participants who remembered their dreams had twice as much "wakefulness," which could be taken to mean they woke up more often. People who remember their dreams also have higher activity in the temporoparietal junction16, a part of the brain that processes information and emotions. They also reacted more strongly to sounds, which could help explain their interrupted sleep patterns. Basically, people who are sleep-deprived tend to have greater sleep intensity17 during the precious few hours they manage to sleep, which leads to more vivid dreams.

    有些人说,早上醒来记得梦说明你睡了个好觉,但这种说法是错的。事实上,睡眠差的人更可能记得自己的梦。2014年发表在期刊《大脑皮层》上一篇研究报告称,记得自己梦的研究参与者“失眠程度”是其他人的两倍,这意味着他们更频繁地醒来。记得自己梦的人大脑中处理信息和情感的颞顶交界处的活动水平更高。他们对声音的反应也更强烈,这有助于解释为什么他们的睡眠频频被打断。基本上,失眠者在宝贵的几小时睡眠时间内睡眠强度更大,从而导致他们的梦更生动。

    5. MISCONCEPTION: NOT EVERYONE DREAMS.

    误解五:不是每个人都做梦

    A 2015 French study published in the Journal of Sleep Research sought to find whether or not everyone dreams. The researchers studied individuals with REM sleep behavior disorder18, which causes people to act out their dreams while they’re sleeping. Fewer than 4 percent of the study’s participants claimed they never dreamed. But the researcher’s analysis says otherwise. They observed the participants while they slept, and found that even those who denied dreaming still moved in a way that suggested they were, in fact, dreaming. It’s more likely people just don’t remember their dreams. Though adults average four to six dreams per night, most people forget between 95 to 99 percent of them.

    2015年发表在《睡眠研究杂志》上的一项法国研究想弄清楚是否每个人都做梦。研究人员对快速眼部活动睡眠行为紊乱者进行了研究,这些人在睡眠期间会一边做梦一边乱动。不到4%的研究参与者自称从不做梦。但是研究人员的分析却发现不是如此。他们在参与者睡觉时对他们进行了观察,结果发现即使是那些否认做梦的人仍然会做出一些动作,表明他们事实上在做梦。所以更可能的情况是,人们只是不记得自己的梦。尽管成年人每夜平均睡4到6小时,但多数人会忘记95%到99%的梦。

     11级    双语 


    点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

    1 crumb [krʌm] ynLzv   第9级
    n.饼屑,面包屑,小量
    参考例句:
    • It was the only crumb of comfort he could salvage from the ordeal. 这是他从这场磨难里能找到的唯一的少许安慰。
    • Ruth nearly choked on the last crumb of her pastry. 鲁斯几乎被糕点的最后一块碎屑所噎住。
    2 conjure [ˈkʌndʒə(r)] tnRyN   第9级
    vt.恳求,祈求;变魔术,变戏法;vi.施魔法;变魔术
    参考例句:
    • I conjure you not to betray me. 我恳求你不要背弃我。
    • I can't simply conjure up the money out of thin air. 我是不能像变魔术似的把钱变来。
    3 debunk [ˌdi:ˈbʌŋk] inMzK   第11级
    vt.揭穿真相,暴露
    参考例句:
    • Let's debunk some of the most common falsehoods. 让我们来揭穿一些最常见的谬误吧。
    • Sequences of maps can also debunk misconceptions. 一系列的地图,也有助于厘清错误概念。
    4 funky [fʌŋki] 1fjzc   第8级
    adj.畏缩的,怯懦的,霉臭的;adj.新式的,时髦的
    参考例句:
    • The kitchen smelled really funky. 这个厨房有一股霉味。
    • It is a funky restaurant with very interesting art on the walls. 那是一家墙上挂着很有意思的绘画的新潮餐馆。
    5 detailed [ˈdi:teɪld] xuNzms   第8级
    adj.详细的,详尽的,极注意细节的,完全的
    参考例句:
    • He had made a detailed study of the terrain. 他对地形作了缜密的研究。
    • A detailed list of our publications is available on request. 我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
    6 vegetarian [ˌvedʒəˈteəriən] 7KGzY   第7级
    n.素食者;adj.素食的
    参考例句:
    • She got used gradually to the vegetarian diet. 她逐渐习惯吃素食。
    • I didn't realize you were a vegetarian. 我不知道你是个素食者。
    7 distressed [dis'trest] du1z3y   第7级
    痛苦的
    参考例句:
    • He was too distressed and confused to answer their questions. 他非常苦恼而困惑,无法回答他们的问题。
    • The news of his death distressed us greatly. 他逝世的消息使我们极为悲痛。
    8 weird [wɪəd] bghw8   第7级
    adj.古怪的,离奇的;怪诞的,神秘而可怕的
    参考例句:
    • From his weird behaviour, he seems a bit of an oddity. 从他不寻常的行为看来,他好像有点怪。
    • His weird clothes really gas me. 他的怪衣裳简直笑死人。
    9 entirely [ɪnˈtaɪəli] entirely   第9级
    ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
    参考例句:
    • The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
    • His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
    10 random [ˈrændəm] HT9xd   第7级
    adj.随机的;任意的;n.偶然的(或随便的)行动
    参考例句:
    • The list is arranged in a random order. 名单排列不分先后。
    • On random inspection the meat was found to be bad. 经抽查,发现肉变质了。
    11 recurring [ri'kə:riŋ] 8kLzK8   第7级
    adj.往复的,再次发生的
    参考例句:
    • This kind of problem is recurring often. 这类问题经常发生。
    • For our own country, it has been a time for recurring trial. 就我们国家而言,它经过了一个反复考验的时期。
    12 accurately ['ækjərətlɪ] oJHyf   第8级
    adv.准确地,精确地
    参考例句:
    • It is hard to hit the ball accurately. 准确地击中球很难。
    • Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately. 现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。
    13 subconscious [ˌsʌbˈkɒnʃəs] Oqryw   第10级
    n./adj.潜意识(的),下意识(的)
    参考例句:
    • Nail biting is often a subconscious reaction to tension. 咬指甲通常是紧张时的下意识反映。
    • My answer seemed to come from the subconscious. 我的回答似乎出自下意识。
    14 indicator [ˈɪndɪkeɪtə(r)] i8NxM   第9级
    n.指标;指示物,指示者;指示器
    参考例句:
    • Gold prices are often seen as an indicator of inflation. 黃金价格常常被看作是通货膨胀的指标。
    • His left-hand indicator is flashing. 他左手边的转向灯正在闪亮。
    15 cerebral [ˈserəbrəl] oUdyb   第9级
    adj.脑的,大脑的;有智力的,理智型的
    参考例句:
    • Your left cerebral hemisphere controls the right-hand side of your body. 你的左半脑控制身体的右半身。
    • He is a precise, methodical, cerebral man who carefully chooses his words. 他是一个一丝不苟、有条理和理智的人,措辞谨慎。
    16 junction [ˈdʒʌŋkʃn] N34xH   第7级
    n.连接,接合;交叉点,接合处,枢纽站
    参考例句:
    • There's a bridge at the junction of the two rivers. 两河的汇合处有座桥。
    • You must give way when you come to this junction. 你到了这个路口必须让路。
    17 intensity [ɪnˈtensəti] 45Ixd   第7级
    n.强烈,剧烈;强度;烈度
    参考例句:
    • I didn't realize the intensity of people's feelings on this issue. 我没有意识到这一问题能引起群情激奋。
    • The strike is growing in intensity. 罢工日益加剧。
    18 disorder [dɪsˈɔ:də(r)] Et1x4   第7级
    n.紊乱,混乱;骚动,骚乱;疾病,失调
    参考例句:
    • When returning back, he discovered the room to be in disorder. 回家后,他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
    • It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder. 里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

    文章评论 共有评论 0查看全部

      会员登陆
      热门单词标签
    我的单词印象
    我的理解: