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海水会不会越来越咸
添加时间:2014-06-30 16:00:40 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • Have you ever noticed that, in the summer, when your sweat dries it will leave marks on your T-shirt? The marks are tiny bits of salt.

    If you go to the seaside, you will know that seawater does the same to your clothes, because it also has a lot of salt in it.

    Water evaporates from the surface of the sea but the salt remains1. Have you ever thought about whether the seas will keep getting saltier? The answer is no. The oceans have stayed at about 3.5 per cent salt content for hundreds of millions years. It maintains a constant level of salt in different ways.

    Pick up a clamshell and weigh it in your hand. It is heavy. All creatures need sodium3 to live and most need calcium4 to build bones and shells. The clam2, like all sea creatures, gets its sodium and calcium from seawater. When creatures die, their salt is locked up in bones and shells, which drop to the bottom of the sea.

    Reactions between seawater and rocks are not just one way. Sea salt not only dissolves from rocks, it also reacts with the rocks of the ocean crust and volcanic5 lava6. The reactions take some of the salts in seawater away from the sea.

    The outer hard crust of Earth is made up of a dozen or so hard plates that drift on extremely hot, soft rock like floating islands on a sea. The heat within Earth is not the same everywhere and the plates move due to the heat.

    When an ocean plate bumps into a land plate, the less dense7 land plate floats over the ocean one. The ocean floor gets pushed under, and its salty rocks, along with shells and bones, are lost deep within Earth.

    So, that's why the seas are salty but don't get any saltier.

    你有没有注意到,夏天的时候,汗水干了之后会在T恤衫上留下一些痕迹?其实,这些痕迹是由极少量的盐留下来的。

    海水含有大量的盐分,因此也会在人的身上留下同样的痕迹。

    海水蒸发掉了,而盐留在了海里。你有没有想过海水会变得越来越咸?答案是否定的。亿万年以来,海洋的盐度始终保持在3.5%左右。海洋恒定的盐度是由诸多原因造成的。

    捡起一个蛤壳,在手里掂量一下它有多重。感觉很重。一切生物的生存都需要钠,而且大部分生物都需要钙质来生成骨骼和贝壳。如同所有的海洋水族一样,蛤从海水里摄取钙质。而水族们死后沉入海底,它们体内的盐分就被固定在骨骼和贝壳里。

    海水和岩石之间的化学反应并非是单向的。岩石溶解产生海盐,而同时,海盐又与大洋地壳中的岩石和火山熔岩进行化学反应,从而把一部分盐分从海水中带走。

    地球外部的坚硬外壳由大约12个板块构成。就像在海上漂流的岛屿一样,这些板块在极端高温的地下岩浆上漂移。地球内部的热量在各个地方不均匀,由此导致了板块运动。

    当大洋板块与大陆板块碰撞时,稍薄的大陆板块就会漂在大洋板块之上。这样,大洋底受到了挤压,含有盐分的岩石,连同生物的贝壳和骨骼,被埋在了地球深处。

    所以,这就是咸的海洋不会变得更咸的原因。

     9级    英文科普 
     单词标签: remains  clam  sodium  calcium  volcanic  lava  dense 


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    1 remains [rɪˈmeɪnz] 1kMzTy   第7级
    n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
    参考例句:
    • He ate the remains of food hungrily. 他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
    • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog. 残羹剩饭喂狗了。
    2 clam [klæm] Fq3zk   第9级
    n.蛤,蛤肉
    参考例句:
    • Yup! I also like clam soup and sea cucumbers. 对呀! 我还喜欢蛤仔汤和海参。
    • The barnacle and the clam are two examples of filter feeders. 藤壶和蛤类是滤过觅食者的两种例子。
    3 sodium [ˈsəʊdiəm] Hrpyc   第8级
    n.(化)钠
    参考例句:
    • Out over the town the sodium lights were lit. 在外面,全城的钠光灯都亮了。
    • Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine. 食盐是钠和氯的复合物。
    4 calcium [ˈkælsiəm] sNdzY   第7级
    n.钙(化学符号Ca)
    参考例句:
    • We need calcium to make bones. 我们需要钙来壮骨。
    • Calcium is found most abundantly in milk. 奶含钙最丰富。
    5 volcanic [vɒlˈkænɪk] BLgzQ   第9级
    adj.火山的;象火山的;由火山引起的
    参考例句:
    • There have been several volcanic eruptions this year. 今年火山爆发了好几次。
    • Volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools. 火山活动产生了温泉和沸腾的泥浆池。
    6 lava [ˈlɑ:və] v9Zz5   第9级
    n.熔岩,火山岩
    参考例句:
    • The lava flowed down the sides of the volcano. 熔岩沿火山坡面涌流而下。
    • His anger spilled out like lava. 他的愤怒像火山爆发似的迸发出来。
    7 dense [dens] aONzX   第7级
    adj.密集的,稠密的,浓密的;密度大的
    参考例句:
    • The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
    • The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。

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