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中国父母不懂放手的艺术
添加时间:2014-07-22 18:54:15 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • The way some Chinese parents shower love on their grown-up children can be smothering1, but from an outsider's perspective it may look like a black comedy eliciting2 laughs and tears in equal measure. When you spot a Mickey Mouse actor at a public recreation area, who do you think is inside the costume? A child, perhaps? No, it's an adult because the figure is much taller and moves about with energy. Never in my wildest imagination would I say an elderly woman.

    But Yang Zhiqiao is 75 and retired3. She dons the Mickey Mouse costume in Luoyang, Henan province, to earn some pocket money from passersby4, which she saves for her son. "My son is 40 and is still single. I don't want to be a burden to him. I want to help him financially so he can get a wife," the Henan native says.

    According to an unrelated news story, parents in a Beijing suburb are getting up at 5 am each day and standing5 in line for the shuttle buses. The early birds have developed this habit not for themselves, but for their grownup children, who work in downtown Beijing. The youngsters have to spend four or five hours each day commuting6 and their parents chip in by waiting in line for them so they can squeeze in an extra half-hour's sleep.

    These two examples are among the more exotic things Chinese parents do for their children, but they are a perfect reminder7 of the generational ties that bind8 a Chinese family. The parental9 sacrifice is traditionally embodied10 in a type of melodrama11 in which the mother, in a desperate attempt to find money for food or school tuition for her children, starts to prostitute herself. This secret is inadvertently discovered by one of the children, who feels ashamed and blames the mother. In the end, the truth dawns on him and a feeling of gratitude12 gushes13 out of his heart.

    There are countless14 versions of this tale in Chinese cinema or other popular art forms from the past century.

    Is it an equivalent of a mother in the United States who forsakes15 her career and turns into a soccer mom? Or is it sacrilegious to make this cultural comparison? Parents everywhere love their children, but the manifestation16 of that love can vary from culture to culture. What is considered acceptable in one country might be perceived as outrageous17 mollycoddling18 in another.

    When I first went to the United States, I was flabbergasted to find that parents would charge their college-age children for the phone calls they make while at home on holiday. I guess that situation no longer exists as now each one is equipped with a mobile phone and youngsters do not need to "borrow" their parents' handset. But no matter whose phone you use, you are supposed to pay your own bills, as is demonstrated in the HBO TV series Girls, in which Lena Durham's character, a recent college graduate, is kicked off the cellphone family plan by her parents. Chinese parents' overindulgence of their children goes beyond the "little emperor" phenomenon, but it is exacerbated19 by it. Parents harbor a desire to pass on what they have to their children, be it wealth or social status. It's somewhat like an aristocrat20 passing a title to the younger generation. And some will resort to corruption21 to ensure that their children enjoy the ill-gotten fruits of their parents' positioning or work. This may be illegal but in many minds it is not unethical, at least not as unethical as squandering22 money on trophy23 wives or concubines.

    There is no one right form of parents-children dynamics24. What's over-protection in one culture may be the norm in another. And these things evolve with time as well. While US parents are obliged to raise their children to the age of 18 and see them through college, their Chinese equivalents take it upon themselves to take care of further needs, which include buying an apartment, finding a spouse25 and taking care of the grandchildren. That's why the 75-year-old Henan woman took on the ad-hoc job of a street performer, a notion possibly alien to her for most of her life. She did this so she could afford a daughter-in-law. She must have thought it was her responsibility to ensure her son was financially capable of getting married.

    What if there is no financial issue involved and her son simply does not want to walk down the aisle26 with anyone? Any Chinese beyond the age of 25 who is not married or does not have a regular date may face the experience of constant nagging27 from their parents.

    In the old days, you were not supposed to have a date while in college because that would interfere28 with your study. But once out of college you were supposed to find the right person and start a family, possibly within a year or two.

    For whatever reasons young people in China are pushing back the age of marriage either out of choice or out of necessity. Some want to experiment with more possibilities, while others are simply intimidated29 by the urban dating scene or are holding out for the right person to appear. The pressure these people's parents apply can be suffocating30. And in turn, their parents have to field nonstop hectoring from their friends and neighbors: "Is your son or daughter married yet? When is he or she getting married?"

    The same pestering31 is repeated from the time one is married to when an heir is born. "Does your son or daughter have a child yet? Isn't he or she beyond the best age to give birth?" To be a grandparent is a big deal in China. It is considered the ultimate familial bliss32 to live under one roof with three or four generations, even if only during the New Year holidays.

    The escalation33 of generational conflict reaches a crescendo34 when a grandchild is produced and the traditional way of child-rearing clashes with the new way. Yes, you can expect parents to be unpaid35 baby sitters, but the implicit36 cost is that you give up your method of bringing up a baby or the part of it that does not conform to your old folks' beliefs. Of course, every family is different and not every parent is domineering to the point of turning love into torment37. Some move to Hainan, China's equivalent of Florida in the US, or go on extended tours around the country or the world. But, so far, they are still a minority.

    And one should not place all the blame on the old generation. Many youngsters actually expect or even welcome such treatment from their parents. They develop a sense of entitlement when their parents pay for their big-ticket purchases and go on scouting38 expeditions for potential in-laws.

    Do you think standing in line in the wee hours for their children's commute39 is ridiculous? Wait until you hear of old folks who get into matchmaking games in public parks not for themselves, mind you, but for their children. I wonder what will come next.

    In the old days, parents would even hide outside the bridal chamber40 and listen to what was going on between the newlyweds. As soon as they got a chance, they would sneak41 in and check the bed to see if there was any blood. They had to make sure the bride was a virgin42.

    Maybe it's a bit too cruel to mock such behavior. It's more cultural than moral. If you step back and look at the whole picture, all the things described above were done because parents cared for their children. There is the art of letting go that is largely elusive43 to the old generation. If you tie your children too close to you, they are not going to fly very high.

    在中国,即使孩子已成年,父母对他们的爱仍然能让孩子们透不过气。不过以局外人的观点来看,这看起来像个令人哭笑不得的黑色幽默。

    当你在公共游乐场所看到打扮成米老鼠造型的卡通人物时,你猜什么人会穿这种卡通形象的服装呢?或许是小孩?不是,事实上是大人穿的,因为这种卡通形象通常较高,而且走起来也费力。但我怎么也不会想到穿这种卡通服装的是个上了年纪的老妇。

    但是,75岁的退休老妇杨志巧,为了从路人那里赚些零用钱,在河南省洛阳市扮演米老鼠卡通人物。这些零用钱是为她儿子而攒的。这个河南本地人说:“我儿子已经40了,还是单身。我不希望自己成为他的负担,想要在经济上帮助他,这样他就可以讨到老婆。”

    另据一条新闻报道,在北京郊区,许多父母早上5点就起床排队等公交。这般早起却不是为了自己,而是为了他们在北京市中心上班的子女。这些年轻人每天要花四五个小时坐车往返,他们的父母帮他们排队,这样他们就可以多睡半个小时。

    以上举的两个中国父母疼爱子女的例子,算是比较独特,但却完美地反映了中国家庭父母和子女之间的关系。父母会为子女做出牺牲,就像传统情节剧演的那样,绝望的母亲为了孩子的温饱和学费而去出卖肉体。这个秘密无意中被她的孩子发现,孩子觉得他母亲很可耻而且责骂她。最后,当孩子发现母亲这样做完全是为了自己时,他的内心充满了感激。

    在上个世纪,中国的电影院或其他流行的艺术形式中有很多这种类型的故事。

    而美国妈妈们是否也是一切以孩子为主,为他们放弃自己的职业而成为家庭主妇?把中美两种文化作比较算是亵渎吗?世上的父母都爱他们的子女,但是文化背景的不同会使这种爱的表现方式各种各样。在某个国家可被接受的方式在另一个国家看来或许会是无度的溺爱。

    第一次去美国时,我吃惊地发现,子女假期在家打电话,美国父母会向子女收取电话费,当然这些子女已经上大学了。我想这种情况现在应该不存在了,如今年轻人都有手机,再也不需要向他们父母“借用”了。但是不论你用谁的手机,你都应交话费,就像美国电影频道HBO电视剧《都市女孩》中的莉娜·杜汉姆饰演的角色那样,刚大学毕业,她父母就不让她用家里的手机。

    中国父母对孩子过分溺爱,说这些孩子是“小皇帝”一点也不过分,甚至有过之而无不及。父母十分想把他们的所有都传给他们的子女,不论是财富或者社会地位。这就有点像贵族把他们的头衔传给其下一代一样。有些贪官以权谋私将其非法所得拿去确保其子女享受他们带来的便利。这样做或许违法,但很多人觉得这样做不违背道德,至少比把钱浪费在包二奶,养小三方面好得多。

    父母和子女之间没有一种“正确的”相处模式。在一种文化中被视为过分溺爱的行为或许在另一文化看来就是正常的。而且这种关系还得考虑时代背景。在美国,父母有义务抚养他们的孩子到18岁上大学,而中国的父母会操心地更远,包括给孩子买房,给孩子找对象以及照料孙子孙女。

    这就是为什么这个75岁的河南老妇在街头穿卡通服装表演的原因,她这辈子或许一直都是这样想的,她这样做就能有钱为儿子找个儿媳妇。她一定觉得在经济上帮其儿子结婚是她的责任。

    要是没有经济方面的问题,她儿子只是单纯不想结婚呢?在中国,超过25岁还未婚或者还没有对象的年轻人都会遭到其父母不时地唠叨抱怨。

    以前,父母不支持子女在大学期间谈恋爱,因为会影响到子女的学业。但是一旦你离开校园,也许一两年内,你就会被催着去找对象并且成家。

    无论什么原因,无奈亦或无需,中国的年轻人正在晚婚。有些人想要多些选择,有些人只是被迫去相亲,还有人在等待命中注定的那个人出现。这些人的父母给他们的压力会令人窒息。反过来,这些父母们也一刻不停地向朋友或邻居打听:“你们的儿子/女儿结婚了吗?他/她什么时候结婚?”

    结婚后,这种困扰还会一直持续到有小孩后。“你的儿子/女儿有小孩了吗?他/她是在最佳的育龄内生小孩吗?”在中国,当上爷爷和奶奶是件大事。三世同堂或四世同堂被认为是齐人之福,即使家庭成员只在过年期间才相聚。

    当孙子降生后,由于培养孩子的传统方式发生改变,父母和子女之间的矛盾不断加大。不错,你可以指望你的父母当保姆无偿照顾你的孩子,但这背后的代价是你放弃了抚养孩子的方式或者部分教育方式,而这种教育方式又恰恰与老一辈的做法有出入。

    当然,每个家庭都不同,不是所有的父母都这般溺爱,使爱变成痛苦。有些老人会移居海南享受生活,那里相当于美国的佛罗里达,有些老人会畅游国内外。但是到目前,能这样潇洒的老人毕竟少数。

    年轻人不应把所有责难归于父母。事实上,很多年轻人希望甚至欢迎他们的父母这样做。当父母为子女的高额花销买单以及为子女寻找潜在的对象时,子女觉得父母亲理当如此。

    你觉得父母早起为子女等公车很荒唐吗?还有比这更荒唐的,老人们会去公园替他们的子女相亲,我好奇这相亲究竟怎么进行。

    以前,父母甚至会躲在洞房外窃听新婚男女在做什么。一有机会,他们就会溜进屋里检查床单是否有落红。他们要确保新娘是个处女。

    嘲笑这种行为或许有点残忍,毕竟它关乎文化而不是道德。如果你退一步想,上述所有事情的出发点都是因为父母关心他们的子女。对父母辈来说,放手这门艺术太难了。但是如果你把你的子女紧紧地栓在身边,他们又怎能高飞蓝天。

     12级    双语 


    点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

    1 smothering ['smʌðərɪŋ] f8ecc967f0689285cbf243c32f28ae30   第9级
    (使)窒息, (使)透不过气( smother的现在分词 ); 覆盖; 忍住; 抑制
    参考例句:
    • He laughed triumphantly, and silenced her by manly smothering. 他胜利地微笑着,以男人咄咄逼人的气势使她哑口无言。
    • He wrapped the coat around her head, smothering the flames. 他用上衣包住她的头,熄灭了火。
    2 eliciting [ɪ'lɪsɪtɪŋ] f08f75f51c1af2ad2f06093ec0cc0789   第7级
    n. 诱发, 引出 动词elicit的现在分词形式
    参考例句:
    • He succeeded in eliciting the information he needed from her. 他从她那里问出了他所需要的信息。
    • A criminal trial isn't a tribunal for eliciting the truth. 刑事审讯并非是一种要探明真相的审判。
    3 retired [rɪˈtaɪəd] Njhzyv   第8级
    adj.隐退的,退休的,退役的
    参考例句:
    • The old man retired to the country for rest. 这位老人下乡休息去了。
    • Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby. 许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。
    4 passersby ['pæsəzˌbɑɪ] HmKzQJ   第8级
    n. 过路人(行人,经过者)
    参考例句:
    • He had terrorized Oxford Street,where passersby had seen only his footprints. 他曾使牛津街笼罩了一片恐怖气氛,因为那儿的行人只能看到他的脚印,看不到他的人。 来自英汉 - 翻译样例 - 文学
    • A person is marceling on a street, watching passersby passing. 街边烫发者打量着匆匆行人。
    5 standing [ˈstændɪŋ] 2hCzgo   第8级
    n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
    参考例句:
    • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing. 地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
    • They're standing out against any change in the law. 他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
    6 commuting [kə'mju:tɪŋ] d2c3874ec246fb1858841223ffe4992e   第7级
    交换(的)
    参考例句:
    • I used the commuting time to read and answer my mail. 我利用上下班在汽车中的时间来阅读和答复给我的函电。
    • Noncommuting objects are as real to the mathematicians as commuting objects. 对于数学家来说,不可交换的对象与可交换的对象是一样真实的。
    7 reminder [rɪˈmaɪndə(r)] WkzzTb   第9级
    n.提醒物,纪念品;暗示,提示
    参考例句:
    • I have had another reminder from the library. 我又收到图书馆的催还单。
    • It always took a final reminder to get her to pay her share of the rent. 总是得发给她一份最后催缴通知,她才付应该交的房租。
    8 bind [baɪnd] Vt8zi   第7级
    vt.捆,包扎;装订;约束;使凝固;vi.变硬
    参考例句:
    • I will let the waiter bind up the parcel for you. 我让服务生帮你把包裹包起来。
    • He wants a shirt that does not bind him. 他要一件不使他觉得过紧的衬衫。
    9 parental [pəˈrentl] FL2xv   第9级
    adj.父母的;父的;母的
    参考例句:
    • He encourages parental involvement in the running of school. 他鼓励学生家长参与学校的管理。
    • Children always revolt against parental disciplines. 孩子们总是反抗父母的管束。
    10 embodied [imˈbɔdid] 12aaccf12ed540b26a8c02d23d463865   第7级
    v.表现( embody的过去式和过去分词 );象征;包括;包含
    参考例句:
    • a politician who embodied the hopes of black youth 代表黑人青年希望的政治家
    • The heroic deeds of him embodied the glorious tradition of the troops. 他的英雄事迹体现了军队的光荣传统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    11 melodrama [ˈmelədrɑ:mə] UCaxb   第10级
    n.音乐剧;情节剧
    参考例句:
    • We really don't need all this ridiculous melodrama! 别跟我们来这套荒唐的情节剧表演!
    • White Haired Woman was a melodrama, but in certain spots it was deliberately funny. 《白毛女》是一出悲剧性的歌剧,但也有不少插科打诨。
    12 gratitude [ˈgrætɪtju:d] p6wyS   第7级
    adj.感激,感谢
    参考例句:
    • I have expressed the depth of my gratitude to him. 我向他表示了深切的谢意。
    • She could not help her tears of gratitude rolling down her face. 她感激的泪珠禁不住沿着面颊流了下来。
    13 gushes [ɡʌʃiz] 8d328d29a7f54e483bb2e76c1a5a6181   第7级
    n.涌出,迸发( gush的名词复数 )v.喷,涌( gush的第三人称单数 );滔滔不绝地说话
    参考例句:
    • The stream gushes forth from the rock. 一股小溪从岩石中涌出来。 来自辞典例句
    • Fuel gushes into the combustion chamber. 燃料喷进燃烧室。 来自辞典例句
    14 countless [ˈkaʊntləs] 7vqz9L   第7级
    adj.无数的,多得不计其数的
    参考例句:
    • In the war countless innocent people lost their lives. 在这场战争中无数无辜的人丧失了性命。
    • I've told you countless times. 我已经告诉你无数遍了。
    15 forsakes [fəˈseiks] 582b27578642b064790fc2c47a59f65c   第7级
    放弃( forsake的第三人称单数 ); 弃绝; 抛弃; 摒弃
    参考例句:
    • Adolescence─when a lad forsakes his bosom buddy for a bosomed buddy. 青春时期--少年丢弃玩伴、追求异性的时候。
    • He that forsakes measure, measure forsakes him. 无节制者事难成。
    16 manifestation [ˌmænɪfeˈsteɪʃn] 0RCz6   第9级
    n.表现形式;表明;现象
    参考例句:
    • Her smile is a manifestation of joy. 她的微笑是她快乐的表现。
    • What we call mass is only another manifestation of energy. 我们称之为质量的东西只是能量的另一种表现形态。
    17 outrageous [aʊtˈreɪdʒəs] MvFyH   第8级
    adj.无理的,令人不能容忍的
    参考例句:
    • Her outrageous behaviour at the party offended everyone. 她在聚会上的无礼行为触怒了每一个人。
    • Charges for local telephone calls are particularly outrageous. 本地电话资费贵得出奇。
    18 mollycoddling [ˈmɔli:ˌkɔdlɪŋ] 5f70137a6d6a58a60af256c86d1b9b09   第12级
    v.娇养,宠坏( mollycoddle的现在分词 )
    参考例句:
    • Stop mollycoddling me;I'm a grown person. 别再过分照料我了;我是一个大人了。 来自互联网
    19 exacerbated [ɪgˈzæsəˌbeɪtid] 93c37be5dc6e60a8bbd0f2eab618d2eb   第9级
    v.使恶化,使加重( exacerbate的过去式和过去分词 )
    参考例句:
    • The symptoms may be exacerbated by certain drugs. 这些症状可能会因为某些药物而加重。
    • The drugs they gave her only exacerbated the pain. 他们给她吃的药只是加重了她的痛楚。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    20 aristocrat [ˈærɪstəkræt] uvRzb   第8级
    n.贵族,有贵族气派的人,上层人物
    参考例句:
    • He was the quintessential English aristocrat. 他是典型的英国贵族。
    • He is an aristocrat to the very marrow of his bones. 他是一个道道地地的贵族。
    21 corruption [kəˈrʌpʃn] TzCxn   第7级
    n.腐败,堕落,贪污
    参考例句:
    • The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft. 人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
    • The old man reviled against corruption. 那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。
    22 squandering [ˈskwɔndərɪŋ] 2145a6d587f3ec891a8ca0e1514f9735   第9级
    v.(指钱,财产等)浪费,乱花( squander的现在分词 )
    参考例句:
    • You're faced with ending it all, of squandering what was given. 把到手的东西就这样随随便便弄掉。 来自辞典例句
    • I see all this potential And I see squandering. 你们的潜力都被浪费了。 来自互联网
    23 trophy [ˈtrəʊfi] 8UFzI   第8级
    n.优胜旗,奖品,奖杯,战胜品,纪念品
    参考例句:
    • The cup is a cherished trophy of the company. 那只奖杯是该公司很珍惜的奖品。
    • He hung the lion's head as a trophy. 他把那狮子头挂起来作为狩猎纪念品。
    24 dynamics [daɪ'næmɪks] NuSzQq   第10级
    n.力学,动力学,动力,原动力;动态
    参考例句:
    • In order to succeed, you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics. 要取得胜利,你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
    • Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice. 动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。
    25 spouse [spaʊs] Ah6yK   第7级
    n.配偶(指夫或妻)
    参考例句:
    • Her spouse will come to see her on Sunday. 她的丈夫星期天要来看她。
    • What is the best way to keep your spouse happy in the marriage? 在婚姻中保持配偶幸福的最好方法是什么?
    26 aisle [aɪl] qxPz3   第8级
    n.(教堂、教室、戏院等里的)过道,通道
    参考例句:
    • The aisle was crammed with people. 过道上挤满了人。
    • The girl ushered me along the aisle to my seat. 引座小姐带领我沿着通道到我的座位上去。
    27 nagging [ˈnægɪŋ] be0b69d13a0baed63cc899dc05b36d80   第9级
    adj.唠叨的,挑剔的;使人不得安宁的v.不断地挑剔或批评(某人)( nag的现在分词 );不断地烦扰或伤害(某人);无休止地抱怨;不断指责
    参考例句:
    • Stop nagging—I'll do it as soon as I can. 别唠叨了—我会尽快做的。
    • I've got a nagging pain in my lower back. 我后背下方老是疼。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    28 interfere [ˌɪntəˈfɪə(r)] b5lx0   第7级
    vi.(in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰;vt.冲突;介入
    参考例句:
    • If we interfere, it may do more harm than good. 如果我们干预的话,可能弊多利少。
    • When others interfere in the affair, it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件,棘手的事情就来了。
    29 intimidated [ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪtɪd] 69a1f9d1d2d295a87a7e68b3f3fbd7d5   第7级
    v.恐吓;威胁adj.害怕的;受到威胁的
    参考例句:
    • We try to make sure children don't feel intimidated on their first day at school. 我们努力确保孩子们在上学的第一天不胆怯。
    • The thief intimidated the boy into not telling the police. 这个贼恫吓那男孩使他不敢向警察报告。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    30 suffocating [ˈsʌfəkeɪtɪŋ] suffocating   第12级
    a.使人窒息的
    参考例句:
    • After a few weeks with her parents, she felt she was suffocating. 和父母呆了几个星期后,她感到自己毫无自由。
    • That's better. I was suffocating in that cell of a room. 这样好些了,我刚才在那个小房间里快闷死了。
    31 pestering [ˈpestərɪŋ] cbb7a3da2b778ce39088930a91d2c85b   第9级
    使烦恼,纠缠( pester的现在分词 )
    参考例句:
    • He's always pestering me to help him with his homework. 他总是泡蘑菇要我帮他做作业。
    • I'm telling you once and for all, if you don't stop pestering me you'll be sorry. 我这是最后一次警告你。如果你不停止纠缠我,你将来会后悔的。
    32 bliss [blɪs] JtXz4   第8级
    n.狂喜,福佑,天赐的福
    参考例句:
    • It's sheer bliss to be able to spend the day in bed. 整天都可以躺在床上真是幸福。
    • He's in bliss that he's won the Nobel Prize. 他非常高兴,因为获得了诺贝尔奖金。
    33 escalation [ˌeskə'leɪʃn] doZxW   第7级
    n.扩大,增加
    参考例句:
    • The threat of nuclear escalation remains. 核升级的威胁仍旧存在。 来自辞典例句
    • Escalation is thus an aspect of deterrence and of crisis management. 因此逐步升级是威慑和危机处理的一个方面。 来自辞典例句
    34 crescendo [krəˈʃendəʊ] 1o8zM   第10级
    n.(音乐)渐强,高潮
    参考例句:
    • The gale reached its crescendo in the evening. 狂风在晚上达到高潮。
    • There was a crescendo of parliamentary and press criticism. 来自议会和新闻界的批评越来越多。
    35 unpaid [ˌʌnˈpeɪd] fjEwu   第8级
    adj.未付款的,无报酬的
    参考例句:
    • Doctors work excessive unpaid overtime. 医生过度加班却无报酬。
    • He's doing a month's unpaid work experience with an engineering firm. 他正在一家工程公司无偿工作一个月以获得工作经验。
    36 implicit [ɪmˈplɪsɪt] lkhyn   第7级
    adj.暗示的,含蓄的,不明晰的,绝对的
    参考例句:
    • A soldier must give implicit obedience to his officers. 士兵必须绝对服从他的长官。
    • Her silence gave implicit consent. 她的沉默表示默许。
    37 torment [ˈtɔ:ment] gJXzd   第7级
    n.折磨;令人痛苦的东西(人);vt.折磨;纠缠
    参考例句:
    • He has never suffered the torment of rejection. 他从未经受过遭人拒绝的痛苦。
    • Now nothing aggravates me more than when people torment each other. 没有什么东西比人们的互相折磨更使我愤怒。
    38 scouting [ˈskaʊtɪŋ] 8b7324e25eaaa6b714e9a16b4d65d5e8   第7级
    守候活动,童子军的活动
    参考例句:
    • I have people scouting the hills already. 我已经让人搜过那些山了。
    • Perhaps also from the Gospel it passed into the tradition of scouting. 也许又从《福音书》传入守望的传统。 来自演讲部分
    39 commute [kəˈmju:t] BXTyi   第7级
    vi.乘车上下班;vt.减(刑);折合;n.上下班交通
    参考例句:
    • I spend much less time on my commute to work now. 我现在工作的往返时间要节省好多。
    • Most office workers commute from the suburbs. 很多公司的职员都是从郊外来上班的。
    40 chamber [ˈtʃeɪmbə(r)] wnky9   第7级
    n.房间,寝室;会议厅;议院;会所
    参考例句:
    • For many, the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber. 对许多人来说,牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
    • The chamber was ablaze with light. 会议厅里灯火辉煌。
    41 sneak [sni:k] vr2yk   第7级
    vt.潜行(隐藏,填石缝);偷偷摸摸做;n.潜行;adj.暗中进行
    参考例句:
    • He raised his spear and sneaked forward. 他提起长矛悄悄地前进。
    • I saw him sneak away from us. 我看见他悄悄地从我们身边走开。
    42 virgin [ˈvɜ:dʒɪn] phPwj   第7级
    n.处女,未婚女子;adj.未经使用的;未经开发的
    参考例句:
    • Have you ever been to a virgin forest? 你去过原始森林吗?
    • There are vast expanses of virgin land in the remote regions. 在边远地区有大片大片未开垦的土地。
    43 elusive [iˈlu:sɪv] d8vyH   第9级
    adj.难以表达(捉摸)的;令人困惑的;逃避的
    参考例句:
    • Try to catch the elusive charm of the original in translation. 翻译时设法把握住原文中难以捉摸的风韵。
    • Interpol have searched all the corners of the earth for the elusive hijackers. 国际刑警组织已在世界各地搜查在逃的飞机劫持者。

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