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当前位置:首页 -> 11级英语阅读 - > 标普将俄罗斯主权债务评级降至垃圾级
标普将俄罗斯主权债务评级降至垃圾级
添加时间:2015-01-30 18:27:38 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • NEW YORK — As Russia deals with the heavy toll1 of Western sanctions and falling oil prices, a major credit ratings agency on Monday downgraded the country’s sovereign debt to below investment grade, the first time it has fallen to that level in more than a decade.

    纽约——俄罗斯目前正在应对西方制裁和油价下跌所带来的惨痛影响;周一,一个主要信用评级机构把俄罗斯的主权债务下调至低于投资级,这是十多年以来,它首次降到这一级别。

    With Russia’s oil boom years fading and tensions rising with the West, the ratings agency, Standard & Poor’s, cited narrowing possibilities for the Russian government and companies to service their debt. A looming2 problem, the agency’s analysts3 highlighted, was the lack of options for the Russian central bank, which will have to decide this year between propping4 up the ruble or helping5 the teetering domestic banking6 sector7.

    由于俄罗斯的石油繁荣已经渐渐走下坡路,而与西方的关系日益紧张,信用评级机构标准普尔(Standard & Poor’s)认为,俄罗斯政府和企业能够偿还债务的可能性极低。该机构的分析师强调,一个挥之不去的隐忧是,俄罗斯央行的选择不多。央行今年将决定是选择力挺卢布,还是帮助摇摇欲坠的国内银行业。

    “In our view, the Russian Federation’s monetary8 policy flexibility9 has weakened, as have economic growth prospects10,” the ratings agency wrote.

    该评级机构写道,“在我们看来,俄罗斯联邦的货币政策的灵活性有所减弱,经济增长前景也是一样。”

    Russia’s economy is already heading into a deep recession. The agency said it projected average growth of 0.5 percent each year for the next three.

    俄罗斯经济正在迈入深度衰退。该机构表示,它预计未来三年,俄罗斯的年均增长率将为0.5%。

    “Stresses could mount for Russian corporations and banks that have foreign currency debt service requirements without a concomitant foreign currency revenue stream,” Standard & Poor’s wrote.

    标准普尔写道,“需要偿还外币债务,而且又没有外币收入来源的俄罗斯企业和银行所面临的压力可能会增加。”

    The downgrade cut Russia’s credit rating by only one notch11. But that was enough to push the government’s debt into the category of junk bonds.

    此次降级只把俄罗斯的信用评级下调了一个档位。但是,此举已足以把俄罗斯政府的债券归入垃圾债券之列。

    Standard & Poor’s, along with the other agencies, have been whittling12 away at Russia’s credit ratings since the conflict with Ukraine began, and oil prices started to slide. The two other main ratings agencies, Fitch and Moody’s, also downgraded Russia’s sovereign debt this month, though not to the level of junk bonds.

    自俄罗斯与乌克兰爆发冲突以来,标准普尔及其他机构不断降低俄罗斯的信用等级,油价也开始下跌。其他两大评级机构惠誉国际(Fitch)和穆迪(Moody's)也在本月下调俄罗斯的主权债务评级,但没有降到垃圾债券等级。

    Russia’s government has tried to shrug13 off the ratings actions. The central bank does not formally recognize Western ratings for some banking transactions. Separately, Russia has tried to create a joint14 ratings agency with China to supplant15 the three big Western ratings giants.

    俄罗斯政府试图对评级行动不予理会。俄罗斯央行没有正式承认西方机构对银行交易的评级。另外,俄罗斯试图与中国建立一个联合评级机构,以取代西方国家的三大评级巨头。

    But even the single downgrade by Standard & Poor’s could ripple16 widely through Russia’s economy. It will force many bond funds permitted to own only investment-grade securities to sell Russian debt.

    但仅仅标准普尔的降级就能对俄罗斯经济产生广泛影响。这将迫使很多只能持有投资级证券的债券基金出售俄罗斯债券。

    The ratings downgrade had been anticipated for weeks, and yet after its publication on Monday the ruble plunged17 to new lows against the dollar. The currency fell about 7 percent in after-hours trading to more than 68 rubles to the dollar.

    几周前就已经有人预测会降级,但在标准普尔于周一宣布降级以后,卢布兑美元汇率跌至新低。俄罗斯货币在盘后交易下跌7%,跌至1美元兑逾68卢布。

    Further undermining the ruble on Monday, even before the downgrade, was a burst of fighting in eastern Ukraine over the weekend, resulting in the deaths of 30 people in a rocket attack on the city of Mariupol. The fighting raised the prospects of a new round of United States and European sanctions against Russia.

    周一,甚至在被降级之前,卢布就已经进一步走低,因为上周末乌克兰东部爆发冲突,马里乌波尔遭到火箭弹袭击,导致30人死亡。此次冲突增加了美国及欧洲对俄罗斯进行新一轮制裁的可能性。

     11级    英语新闻 


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    1 toll [təʊl] LJpzo   第7级
    n.过路(桥)费;损失,伤亡人数;v.敲(钟)
    参考例句:
    • The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night. 昨晚那场冰雹严重损坏了我们村的庄稼。
    • The war took a heavy toll of human life. 这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。
    2 looming ['lu:mɪŋ] 1060bc05c0969cf209c57545a22ee156   第7级
    n.上现蜃景(光通过低层大气发生异常折射形成的一种海市蜃楼)v.隐约出现,阴森地逼近( loom的现在分词 );隐约出现,阴森地逼近
    参考例句:
    • The foothills were looming ahead through the haze. 丘陵地带透过薄雾朦胧地出现在眼前。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • Then they looked up. Looming above them was Mount Proteome. 接着他们往上看,在其上隐约看到的是蛋白质组山。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 回顾与展望
    3 analysts ['ænəlɪsts] 167ff30c5034ca70abe2d60a6e760448   第9级
    分析家,化验员( analyst的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
    • I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。
    4 propping ['prɒpɪŋ] 548f07f69caff3c98b65a959401073ee   第7级
    支撑
    参考例句:
    • You can usually find Jack propping up the bar at his local. 你常常可以看见杰克频繁出没于他居住的那家酒店。
    • The government was accused of propping up declining industries. 政府被指责支持日益衰败的产业。
    5 helping [ˈhelpɪŋ] 2rGzDc   第7级
    n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
    参考例句:
    • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
    • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来,他们在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
    6 banking [ˈbæŋkɪŋ] aySz20   第8级
    n.银行业,银行学,金融业
    参考例句:
    • John is launching his son on a career in banking. 约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
    • He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking. 他具有广博的银行业务知识。
    7 sector [ˈsektə(r)] yjczYn   第7级
    n.部门,部分;防御地段,防区;扇形
    参考例句:
    • The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
    • The enemy have attacked the British sector. 敌人已进攻英国防区。
    8 monetary [ˈmʌnɪtri] pEkxb   第7级
    adj.货币的,钱的;通货的;金融的;财政的
    参考例句:
    • The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold. 过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
    • Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. 荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。
    9 flexibility [ˌfleksə'bɪlətɪ] vjPxb   第8级
    n.柔韧性,弹性,(光的)折射性,灵活性
    参考例句:
    • Her great strength lies in her flexibility. 她的优势在于她灵活变通。
    • The flexibility of a man's muscles will lessen as he becomes old. 人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。
    10 prospects ['prɔspekts] fkVzpY   第7级
    n.希望,前途(恒为复数)
    参考例句:
    • There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects. 公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。
    • They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. 他们对公司的远景不那么乐观。
    11 notch [nɒtʃ] P58zb   第11级
    n.(V字形)槽口,缺口,等级
    参考例句:
    • The peanuts they grow are top-notch. 他们种的花生是拔尖的。
    • He cut a notch in the stick with a sharp knife. 他用利刃在棒上刻了一个凹痕。
    12 whittling [ˈhwɪtlɪŋ] 9677e701372dc3e65ea66c983d6b865f   第11级
    v.切,削(木头),使逐渐变小( whittle的现在分词 )
    参考例句:
    • Inflation has been whittling away their savings. 通货膨胀使他们的积蓄不断减少。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • He is whittling down the branch with a knife to make a handle for his hoe. 他在用刀削树枝做一把锄头柄。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    13 shrug [ʃrʌg] Ry3w5   第7级
    n.耸肩;vt.耸肩,(表示怀疑、冷漠、不知等);vi.耸肩
    参考例句:
    • With a shrug, he went out of the room. 他耸一下肩,走出了房间。
    • I admire the way she is able to shrug off unfair criticism. 我很佩服她能对错误的批评意见不予理会。
    14 joint [dʒɔɪnt] m3lx4   第7级
    adj.联合的,共同的;n.关节,接合处;vt.连接,贴合;vi. 贴合;生节
    参考例句:
    • I had a bad fall, which put my shoulder out of joint. 我重重地摔了一跤,肩膀脫臼了。
    • We wrote a letter in joint names. 我们联名写了封信。
    15 supplant [səˈplɑ:nt] RFlyN   第10级
    vt.排挤;取代
    参考例句:
    • Electric cars may one day supplant petrol-driven ones. 也许有一天电动车会取代汽油驱动的车。
    • The law of momentum conservation could supplant Newton's third law. 动量守恒定律可以取代牛顿第三定律。
    16 ripple [ˈrɪpl] isLyh   第7级
    n.涟波,涟漪,波纹,粗钢梳;vt.使...起涟漪,使起波纹; vi.呈波浪状,起伏前进
    参考例句:
    • The pebble made a ripple on the surface of the lake. 石子在湖面上激起一个涟漪。
    • The small ripple split upon the beach. 小小的涟漪卷来,碎在沙滩上。
    17 plunged [plʌndʒd] 06a599a54b33c9d941718dccc7739582   第7级
    v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 );暴跌;骤降;突降
    参考例句:
    • The train derailed and plunged into the river. 火车脱轨栽进了河里。
    • She lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death. 她没有站稳,从100英尺的高处跌下摔死了。

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