Sun Yatsen (1866~1925) was the leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party, known as the father of modern China.

孙中山(1866~1925)是中国国民党领袖，被称为现代中国之父。

Educated in Hawaii and Hong Kong, Sun embarked¹ on a medical career in 1892.

孙中山在夏威夷和香港接受教育，于1892年从医。

But troubled by the conservative Qing Dynasty's inability to keep China from suffering repeated humiliations at the hands of more advanced countries, he forsook² medicine two years later for politics.

但是保守的清政府不能使中国免受更加先进的国家一次又一次的屈辱，这让孙中山非常忧虑，于是两年后他弃医从政。

A letter to Li Hongzhang in which Sun detailed³ ways that China could gain strength made no headway, and he went abroad to try organizing expatriate Chinese.

孙中山给李鸿昌写了一封信，详细叙述了使中国强大起来的各种方法，但是没有任何进展。于是孙中山走出国门，试着把移居国外的人组织起来。

He spent time in Hawaii, England, Canada, and Japan and in 1905 became head of a revolutionary coalition⁴, the Tongmenghui (“Alliance Society").

孙中山在夏威夷、英国、加拿大和日本花了时间精力，最终在1905年组成一个革命联盟——同盟会并担任其领导。

The revolts he helped plot during this period failed, but in 1911 a rebellion in Wuhan unexpectedly succeeded in overthrowing⁵ the provincial⁶ government. Other provincial secessions followed, and Sun returned to be elected provisional president of a new government.

这个期间孙中山协助策划的起义虽然失败了，但是1911年的武汉起义出乎意料地成功推翻省政府，其它省份也随即响应。孙中山返回中国，当选新政府的临时总统。

The emperor abdicated⁷ in 1912, and Sun turned over the government to Yuan Shikai.

1912年清帝退位，孙中山将政权交给袁世凯。

The two men split in 1913, and Sun became head of a separatist regime in the south.

1913年二人反目，孙中山成为南方新政权的首领。

In 1924, aided by Soviet⁸ advisers⁹, he reorganized his Nationalist Party, admitted three communists to its central executive committee, and approved the establishment of a military academy, to be headed by Chiang Kai-shek.

1924年，在苏联顾问的帮助下，孙中山重组国民党，让三名共产党人加人了中央执行委员会，批准建立军校，由蒋介石任校长。

He also delivered lectures on his doctrine¹⁰, the Three Principles of the People (nationalism, democracy, and livelihood), but died the following year without having had the opportunity to put his doctrine into practice.

孙中山还发表了关于他的学说三民主义(民族、民权和民生)的演讲。但是次年，尚未将他的学说付诸实践孙中山就去世了。