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缺觉会影响基因
添加时间:2016-02-17 21:18:02 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • I’ve often wondered how exactly sleep, or lack of it , can have such a devastating1 effect on our bodies and, guess what, how much we sleep switches good genes2 on and bad genes off.

    我时常思考,睡眠的充足与否会对我们的身体健康带来怎样严重的后果;也不禁去猜测,多久的睡眠才会让基因发挥有益作用。

    In early 2013, the Sleep Research Centre at the University of Surrey found a direct link between hours spent sleeping and genes.

    2013年初,英国萨里大学的睡眠研究中心发现,睡眠时长与基因之间存在直接联系。

    Every cell in our bodies carries genetic3 instructions in our DNA4 that act as a kind of operating manual. However, each cell only ‘reads’ the portion of this manual it needs at any given moment.

    我们人体的每一个细胞中DNA所携带的遗传指令都相当于一套操作说明。然而在任何时候,细胞都只能够读取其需要的说明。

    Can sleep affect how a gene reads instructions? It’s a question asked by Professor Derk-Jan Dijk at the University of Surrey.

    睡眠能够影响基因读取其操作说明吗?萨里大学的教授德克-简•迪克提出了这一问题。

    He set up an experiment and asked his volunteers to spend a week sleeping around seven and a half hours to eight hours a night and the next sleeping six and a half to seven hours.

    他着手进行了一项实验,要求志愿者们每晚睡大约七个半到八个小时,一个星期后再将睡眠时间调整为六个半到七个小时。

    Blood samples were taken each week to compare which genes in blood cells were being used during the long and short nights. The results were startling.他将志愿者这两周的血液样本进行比对,观察在不同睡眠时长下,血细胞中的基因运作情况有何不同。实验结果令人大吃一惊。

    Several hundred genes changed in the amount they were being used, including some that are linked to heart disease, cancer, and Type 2 diabetes5.

    数百种基因的使用状况因为睡眠时长的不同而改变,其中一些基因还与心脏病、癌症以及2型糖尿病有关。

    Genes to do with cell repair and replenishment6 were used much less.

    对有关细胞修复与补给的基因的使用大为减少。

    Sleep restriction7 (six and a half to seven hours a night) changed 380 genes.

    睡眠的受限(一晚只睡六个半到七个小时)改变了380种基因。

    Of these, 220 genes were down regulated by sleep restriction (their power was reduced), while 160 were up regulated (their power was increased).

    其中,有220种基因表达下调(他们的活性降低),另外160种表达上调(他们的活性上升)。

    Those affected8 included body-clock genes which are linked to diabetes.

    那些包括控制生物钟在内的基因都受到了影响,而它们又都与糖尿病有关。

    One of the most downgraded genes is that which has a role in controlling insulin and is linked to diabetes and insomnia9. The most upgraded gene is linked to heart disease.

    在表达下调程度最高的基因中,有一种负责控制胰岛素合成的基因与糖尿病和失眠密切相关。而表达上调程度最高的基因则与心脏病有关联。

    So changing sleep by tiny amounts can upgrade or downgrade genes that can influence our health and the diseases we become prey10 to when we sleep too little.

    因此,稍微缩短睡眠时长就会改变基因的运作状态,进而影响到我们的身体健康。若是睡得太少,疾病说来就来。

    The important message is that getting close to eight hours of sleep a night can make a dramatic difference to our health in just a few days through the way it looks after our genes.

    实验所传达的重要信息是,保证每晚近八小时的睡眠是对我们的基因负责;仅仅几天的充足睡眠,我们的健康也会有巨大的改观。

    So resist staying up late to listen to another podcast, read one more chapter, have one more drink or do a little bit more work, mistakenly thinking it won’t make much difference. It will.

    所以说,要是你坚持熬夜再看一个视频,再多读一章小说,再多贪一杯酒或是再多干点儿活,还安慰自己这没什么大不了的话,那你会后悔的。

     10级    英语科普 


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    1 devastating [ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ] muOzlG   第8级
    adj.毁灭性的,令人震惊的,强有力的
    参考例句:
    • It is the most devastating storm in 20 years. 这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
    • Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages. 婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。
    2 genes [dʒi:nz] 01914f8eac35d7e14afa065217edd8c0   第7级
    n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
    3 genetic [dʒəˈnetɪk] PgIxp   第7级
    adj.遗传的,遗传学的
    参考例句:
    • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases. 遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
    • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information. 每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
    4 DNA [ˌdi: en ˈeɪ] 4u3z1l   第8级
    (缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
    参考例句:
    • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell. 脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
    • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code. 基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
    5 diabetes [ˌdaɪəˈbi:ti:z] uPnzu   第9级
    n.糖尿病
    参考例句:
    • In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar. 对于糖尿病患者,医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
    • Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body. 糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。
    6 replenishment [rɪ'plenɪʃmənt] 44e87ded1f117890479f02f42e128295   第9级
    n.补充(货物)
    参考例句:
    • Since the wartime population needed replenishment, pregnancies were a good sign. 最后一桩倒不失为好现象,战时人口正该补充。
    • Natural replenishment of this vast supply of underground water occurs very slowly. 靠自然补充大量地下水是十分缓慢的。
    7 restriction [rɪˈstrɪkʃn] jW8x0   第8级
    n.限制,约束
    参考例句:
    • The park is open to the public without restriction. 这个公园对公众开放,没有任何限制。
    • The 30 mph speed restriction applies in all built-up areas. 每小时限速30英里适用于所有建筑物聚集区。
    8 affected [əˈfektɪd] TzUzg0   第9级
    adj.不自然的,假装的
    参考例句:
    • She showed an affected interest in our subject. 她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
    • His manners are affected. 他的态度不自然。
    9 insomnia [ɪnˈsɒmniə] EbFzK   第7级
    n.失眠,失眠症
    参考例句:
    • Worries and tenseness can lead to insomnia. 忧虑和紧张会导致失眠。
    • He is suffering from insomnia. 他患失眠症。
    10 prey [preɪ] g1czH   第7级
    n.被掠食者,牺牲者,掠食;vi.捕食,掠夺,折磨
    参考例句:
    • Stronger animals prey on weaker ones. 弱肉强食。
    • The lion was hunting for its prey. 狮子在寻找猎物。

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