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为什么不能逼苹果解锁
添加时间:2016-03-07 19:42:38 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • To watch the confrontation1 between the US’s most valuable company and its top law enforcement agency is to find oneself in a state of nearly permanent cognitive2 dissonance.

    观察一下美国最有价值的公司与美国最高执法机构之间的对峙,你会陷入一种近乎永久性“认知失调”的状态中。

    Apparently3, America’s government agencies are both omnipotent4 and helpless. Omnipotent because, as this week’s batch5 of surveillance revelations from WikiLeaks suggests, they have no problems intercepting6 highly secretive communications between their European allies. Helpless because, as the Federal Bureau of Investigation7’s bosses keep repeating, they need Apple’s co-operation in order to break into the iPhone of the shooter in the San Bernardino attacks.

    显然,美国政府机构既无所不能,又很无助。之所以说无所不能是因为,正如上周维基解密(WikiLeaks)爆料的数起监控案例所表明的那样,它们在拦截欧洲盟友之间高度机密的通信内容方面神通广大。之所以说无助是因为,正如联邦调查局(FBI)的头头们屡次重申的那样,它们需要苹果(Apple)的合作,以解锁圣贝纳迪诺枪击案凶手的iPhone。

    It gets worse. On February 9, James Clapper, the director of national intelligence, boasted in his Senate testimony8 that “in the future, intelligence services might use the [internet of things] for identification, surveillance, monitoring, location tracking, and targeting for recruitment, or to gain access to networks or user credentials9.” Now we learn that such agencies cannot get into our smartphones … let alone our smart fridges.

    更糟的还在后面。今年2月9日,美国国家情报总监(DNI)詹姆斯克拉珀(James Clapper)在参议院作证时夸耀称,“未来,情报部门可能使用(物联网)来确认、监听、监控、定位以及定向招募,或者进入网络或者用户凭据”。现在我们知道,这些机构无法进入我们的智能手机……更别说我们的智能冰箱了。

    Something in the government’s rhetoric10 does not add up. The FBI either has solid reasons to break into that phone — in which case it is not obvious why the mighty11 power of the National Security Agency and other government bodies has not yet been mobilised — or it is simply using the San Bernardino case as an excuse to redefine its relationship with Silicon12 Valley.

    美国政府的某些言论并不能自圆其说。FBI要么有解锁那部手机的充足理由——如果是这种情况的话,美国国家安全局(NSA)和其他政府机构的强大能力不知为何没有被动用——要么只是以圣贝纳迪诺枪击案为借口来重新界定它与硅谷的关系。

    Asked by a judge about its willingness to enlist13 the help of all the federal agencies in a similar case from 2015, the government responded that “federal prosecutors14 don’t have an obligation to consult the intelligence community in order to investigate crime.”

    在2015年的一起类似案件中,当被一名法官问及是否愿意争取所有联邦机构的帮助时,美国政府回应称,“联邦检察机关没有咨询情报部门以调查犯罪行为的义务”。

    And since very little is known about the true capabilities15 of America’s intelligence community, everyone involved in the current debate has to pretend that the world’s most powerful spying agency does not exist.

    既然人们对美国情报机关的真实能力知之甚少,所有卷入当前辩论的人不得不假装,这个全球最强大的情报机构并不存在。

    While the FBI’s defence has been that their request is extremely narrow — once Apple has facilitated access to that single phone, it is free to destroy the code required to do so — the broader political context in which this battle unfolds suggests that Apple’s stance will have far-reaching implications.

    尽管FBI一直辩称,他们的要求极低——一旦苹果帮助解锁了那部手机,就可以销毁为此开发的代码——但这场争斗所处的更广泛的政治环境表明,苹果的立场将具有深远的影响。

    First, the FBI’s request comes at a time when the US government is exerting immense pressure on America’s largest technology companies to join it in the fight against Isis. Both the state department and the Department of Defense16 have recently expanded their presence in Silicon Valley.

    首先,FBI提出请求之际,正值美国政府对美国大型科技公司施加巨大压力,要求它们加入到打击“伊斯兰国”(ISIS)中。FBI和美国国防部最近都扩大了在硅谷的存在。

    While many such requests are straightforward17 — removing jihadist propaganda from YouTube or Twitter, for example — there are concerns that such pressure might extend to modifying their algorithms in order to hide certain types of content from easily susceptible18 users.

    尽管许多此类要求很直接——例如,消除YouTube或Twitter上的圣战宣传标语——但仍有人担心,此类压力可能延展至要求科技公司调整算法,以便向容易受影响的用户屏蔽某些类型的内容。

    Google knows what is in your inbox; why should it not modify your search results to make you less of a terrorist?

    谷歌(Google)知道你的收件箱里有什么;它为何不应调整你的搜索结果以便降低你发展成恐怖分子的可能性?

    Second, it is hard to believe that the San Bernardino case will be an isolated19 episode. Not only are there several similar cases already pending20 in US courts but many prosecutors have already indicated they have their own backlog21 of phones to unlock.

    其次,很难相信圣贝纳迪诺枪击案会是一个孤立事件。美国法院已有多起类似的案件等待判决,而且很多检察官已表示,他们也有大量手机等待解锁。

    Manhattan district attorney Cyrus Vance said recently that he would “absolutely ... want access to all those phones that are crucial in a criminal investigation.”

    曼哈顿地区检察官塞勒斯万斯(Cyrus Vance)最近表示,他“肯定……希望破解所有在刑事调查中起关键作用的手机。”

    Even if Apple chose to destroy the code it writes to help the FBI on this occasion, it would need to rewrite it for a new request. Should it keep this code forever, it would be holding on to a magic key to its devices — a highly prized asset for any hacker22.

    即便苹果选择销毁这次为帮助FBI而编写的代码,以后再有新的要求时它还得重写。如果苹果永远保留这个代码,这将为其设备保有一把带有魔力的钥匙:这对于任何黑客而言都是一项十足珍贵的资产。

    Given the publicity23 of the case, any terrorists would probably stop using Apple’s products anyway. The only people to suffer would be ordinary users, stuck with their iPhones and iPads.

    鉴于此案的曝光度,所有恐怖主义分子恐怕都不会再用苹果产品。唯一的受害者将是那些离不开iPhone和iPad的普通用户。

    Third, the FBI’s rationale in this case would make any other manufacturer of smart devices — including all those smart fridges and smart thermostats24 in your smart home — subject to similar requests.

    第三,联邦调查局在此案中提出的理由将令所有其他生产智能设备的制造商(包括你的智能家居中的智能冰箱和智能恒温器)服从类似的要求。

    If Apple can be forced to modify security protocols25 on its phone, what stops the FBI from asking the manufacturer of the smart smoke detector26 to trigger a fake smoke alarm? Or asking the manufacturer of the smart car to drive suspects directly to the police station?

    如果苹果可以被迫修改其手机的安全协议,那么还有什么能阻止FBI要求智能烟雾报警器制造商发出虚假烟雾报警?或者要求生产智能汽车的制造商让嫌疑人乘坐的汽车直接开到警察局?

    All of this would seem neat so long as the government agencies were competent and nobody else could take advantage of such vulnerabilities.

    所有这些似乎都会安然无事,只要政府机构有能力,而且其他人无法利用这些脆弱性。

    This is not so. The San Bernardino case — where the FBI had a chance to break into the phone but blew it by changing the suspect’s Apple password — suggests that the FBI’s technical competence27 does not yet match the NSA’s.

    但情况并非如此,在圣贝纳迪诺枪击案中,联邦调查局曾经有机会破解那部手机,但在修改嫌疑人的苹果密码时搞砸了。这表明,联邦调查局的技术能力还赶不上美国国家安全局。

    And it would be suicidal to force technology companies to weaken security at a time when institutions of all sorts are vulnerable to hackers28 demanding ransoms29 — earlier this month, a hospital in California paid the bitcoin equivalent of $17,000 to hackers who had breached30 its computer network.

    在各类机构容易受到索要赎金的黑客的攻击之际,迫使科技公司削弱产品的安全性无异于自杀。本月早些时候,加州一家医院向攻击其电脑网络的黑客支付了价值相当于1.7万美元的比特币。

    Apple’s proposed solution is the right one: America needs a comprehensive political debate on the issue — one that would bypass inter-agency squabbling.

    苹果提出的解决方案是正确的:美国需要就这个问题展开一场全面的政治辩论,这场辩论将绕开机构之间的争吵。

    Alas, given how little the current batch of presidential candidates seems to care, or even understand, these issues, this debate is not likely to happen.

    唉,当前的各位总统候选人似乎都不太关心这些问题,甚至不太了解,因此这场辩论不太可能出现。

     11级    双语 


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    1 confrontation [ˌkɒnfrʌnˈteɪʃn] xYHy7   第9级
    n.对抗,对峙,冲突
    参考例句:
    • We can't risk another confrontation with the union. 我们不能冒再次同工会对抗的危险。
    • After years of confrontation, they finally have achieved a modus vivendi. 在对抗很长时间后,他们最后达成了非正式协议。
    2 cognitive [ˈkɒgnətɪv] Uqwz0   第7级
    adj.认知的,认识的,有感知的
    参考例句:
    • As children grow older, their cognitive processes become sharper. 孩子们越长越大,他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
    • The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works. 认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。
    3 apparently [əˈpærəntli] tMmyQ   第7级
    adv.显然地;表面上,似乎
    参考例句:
    • An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space. 山穷水尽,豁然开朗。
    • He was apparently much surprised at the news. 他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
    4 omnipotent [ɒmˈnɪpətənt] p5ZzZ   第10级
    adj.全能的,万能的
    参考例句:
    • When we are omnipotent we shall have no more need of science. 我们达到万能以后就不需要科学了。
    • Money is not omnipotent, but we can't survive without money. 金钱不是万能的,但是没有金钱我们却无法生存。
    5 batch [bætʃ] HQgyz   第7级
    n.一批(组,群);一批生产量
    参考例句:
    • The first batch of cakes was burnt. 第一炉蛋糕烤焦了。
    • I have a batch of letters to answer. 我有一批信要回复。
    6 intercepting [ɪntə'septɪŋ] 610ea325c8da487d3cb8c3e52877af6a   第8级
    截取(技术),截接
    参考例句:
    • The police had been intercepting my mail, ie reading it before it was delivered. 警方一直截查我的邮件。
    • We've been intercepting radio transmissions from Moscow. 我们已从莫斯科拦截到无线电信号。
    7 investigation [ɪnˌvestɪˈgeɪʃn] MRKzq   第7级
    n.调查,调查研究
    参考例句:
    • In an investigation, a new fact became known, which told against him. 在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
    • He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation. 他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。
    8 testimony [ˈtestɪməni] zpbwO   第7级
    n.证词;见证,证明
    参考例句:
    • The testimony given by him is dubious. 他所作的证据是可疑的。
    • He was called in to bear testimony to what the police officer said. 他被传入为警官所说的话作证。
    9 credentials [krəˈdenʃlz] credentials   第8级
    n.证明,资格,证明书,证件
    参考例句:
    • He has long credentials of diplomatic service. 他的外交工作资历很深。
    • Both candidates for the job have excellent credentials. 此项工作的两个求职者都非常符合资格。
    10 rhetoric [ˈretərɪk] FCnzz   第8级
    n.修辞学,浮夸之言语
    参考例句:
    • Do you know something about rhetoric? 你懂点修辞学吗?
    • Behind all the rhetoric, his relations with the army are dangerously poised. 在冠冕堂皇的言辞背后,他和军队的关系岌岌可危。
    11 mighty [ˈmaɪti] YDWxl   第7级
    adj.强有力的;巨大的
    参考例句:
    • A mighty force was about to break loose. 一股巨大的力量即将迸发而出。
    • The mighty iceberg came into view. 巨大的冰山出现在眼前。
    12 silicon [ˈsɪlɪkən] dykwJ   第7级
    n.硅(旧名矽)
    参考例句:
    • This company pioneered the use of silicon chip. 这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。
    • A chip is a piece of silicon about the size of a postage stamp. 芯片就是一枚邮票大小的硅片。
    13 enlist [ɪnˈlɪst] npCxX   第9级
    vt.谋取(支持等),赢得;征募;vi.入伍
    参考例句:
    • They come here to enlist men for the army. 他们来这儿是为了召兵。
    • The conference will make further efforts to enlist the support of the international community for their just struggle. 会议必将进一步动员国际社会,支持他们的正义斗争。
    14 prosecutors [p'rɒsɪkju:təz] a638e6811c029cb82f180298861e21e9   第10级
    检举人( prosecutor的名词复数 ); 告发人; 起诉人; 公诉人
    参考例句:
    • In some places,public prosecutors are elected rather than appointed. 在有些地方,检察官是经选举而非任命产生的。 来自口语例句
    • You've been summoned to the Prosecutors' Office, 2 days later. 你在两天以后被宣到了检察官的办公室。
    15 capabilities [ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlɪti:z] f7b11037f2050959293aafb493b7653c   第7级
    n.能力( capability的名词复数 );可能;容量;[复数]潜在能力
    参考例句:
    • He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大,自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
    • Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为,标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
    16 defense [dɪ'fens] AxbxB   第7级
    n.防御,保卫;[pl.]防务工事;辩护,答辩
    参考例句:
    • The accused has the right to defense. 被告人有权获得辩护。
    • The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers. 战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
    17 straightforward [ˌstreɪtˈfɔ:wəd] fFfyA   第7级
    adj.正直的,坦率的;易懂的,简单的
    参考例句:
    • A straightforward talk is better than a flowery speech. 巧言不如直说。
    • I must insist on your giving me a straightforward answer. 我一定要你给我一个直截了当的回答。
    18 susceptible [səˈseptəbl] 4rrw7   第7级
    adj.过敏的,敏感的;易动感情的,易受感动的
    参考例句:
    • Children are more susceptible than adults. 孩子比成人易受感动。
    • We are all susceptible to advertising. 我们都易受广告的影响。
    19 isolated ['aisəleitid] bqmzTd   第7级
    adj.与世隔绝的
    参考例句:
    • His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
    • Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。
    20 pending [ˈpendɪŋ] uMFxw   第9级
    prep.直到,等待…期间;adj.待定的;迫近的
    参考例句:
    • The lawsuit is still pending in the state court. 这案子仍在州法庭等待定夺。
    • He knew my examination was pending. 他知道我就要考试了。
    21 backlog [ˈbæklɒg] bPiyc   第10级
    n.积压未办之事
    参考例句:
    • It will take a month to clear the backlog of work. 要花一个月的时间才能清理完积压的工作。
    • Investment is needed to reduce the backlog of repairs. 需要投资来減轻积压的维修工作。
    22 hacker [ˈhækə(r)] Irszg9   第9级
    n.能盗用或偷改电脑中信息的人,电脑黑客
    参考例句:
    • The computer hacker wrote that he was from Russia. 这个计算机黑客自称他来自俄罗斯。
    • This site was attacked by a hacker last week. 上周这个网站被黑客攻击了。
    23 publicity [pʌbˈlɪsəti] ASmxx   第7级
    n.众所周知,闻名;宣传,广告
    参考例句:
    • The singer star's marriage got a lot of publicity. 这位歌星的婚事引起了公众的关注。
    • He dismissed the event as just a publicity gimmick. 他不理会这件事,只当它是一种宣传手法。
    24 thermostats [ˈθɜ:məˌstæts] c813adaaae323a2d169db68d50faf5c2   第10级
    n.恒温(调节)器( thermostat的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • This is the basic operating principle of many thermostats. 这是许多恒温箱的基本工作原理。 来自辞典例句
    • Thermostats can be used to regulate the temperature of a room. 恒温器可用来调节室内温度。 来自辞典例句
    25 protocols [p'rəʊtəkɒlz] 66203c461b36a2af573149f0aa6164ff   第8级
    n.礼仪( protocol的名词复数 );(外交条约的)草案;(数据传递的)协议;科学实验报告(或计划)
    参考例句:
    • There are also protocols on the testing of nuclear weapons. 也有关于核武器试验的协议。 来自辞典例句
    • Hardware components and software design of network transport protocols are separately introduced. 介绍系统硬件组成及网络传输协议的软件设计。 来自互联网
    26 detector [dɪˈtektə(r)] svnxk   第7级
    n.发觉者,探测器
    参考例句:
    • The detector is housed in a streamlined cylindrical container. 探测器安装在流线型圆柱形容器内。
    • Please walk through the metal detector. 请走过金属检测器。
    27 competence [ˈkɒmpɪtəns] NXGzV   第7级
    n.能力,胜任,称职
    参考例句:
    • This mess is a poor reflection on his competence. 这种混乱情况说明他难当此任。
    • These are matters within the competence of the court. 这些是法院权限以内的事。
    28 hackers ['hækərz] dc5d6e5c0ffd6d1cd249286ced098382   第9级
    n.计算机迷( hacker的名词复数 );私自存取或篡改电脑资料者,电脑“黑客”
    参考例句:
    • They think of viruses that infect an organization from the outside.They envision hackers breaking into their information vaults. 他们考虑来自外部的感染公司的病毒,他们设想黑客侵入到信息宝库中。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • Arranging a meeting with the hackers took weeks againoff-again email exchanges. 通过几星期电子邮件往来安排见面,他们最终同意了。 来自互联网
    29 ransoms [ˈrænsəmz] 91a64a68d03cd2a87da322909b9f09b7   第9级
    付赎金救人,赎金( ransom的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • The kidnappers exacted ransoms for their hostages. 绑匪勒索人质的赎金。
    • Hotel:Wealthy captives sleep at the hotel for an increase in their ransoms. 酒店:富有的俘虏们要住在酒店等待足够的赎金以回家。
    30 breached [bri:tʃt] e3498bf16767cf8f9f8dc58f7275a5a5   第7级
    攻破( breach的现在分词 ); 破坏,违反
    参考例句:
    • These commitments have already been breached. 这些承诺已遭背弃。
    • Our tanks have breached the enemy defences. 我方坦克车突破了敌人的防线。

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