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当前位置:首页 -> 12级英语阅读 - > 世界职场性别歧视远未结束
世界职场性别歧视远未结束
添加时间:2016-08-21 19:24:22 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • What is holding women back in the workplace? If you ask Kevin Roberts, the outgoing Saatchi & Saatchi chairman, the problem is women themselves. “Their ambition is not a vertical1 ambition, it’s this intrinsic, circular ambition to be happy,” he said last week in an interview with Business Insider. A few days later, having been suspended by parent company Publicis, he admitted that he had “failed exceptionally fast” and announced he would resign.

    职场中有哪些因素阻碍着女性发展?如果你问盛世长城(Saatchi & Saatchi)即将离任的董事长凯文•罗伯茨(Kevin Roberts),他会回答问题在于女性本身。“她们的抱负不是纵向抱负,而是贪图快乐的那种内在、绕圈的追求,”他在近期接受《商业内幕》(Business Insider)采访时表示。几天后,被母公司法国阳狮集团(Publicis)停职的他承认自己“失败得太快”,并宣布将辞职。

    It is superficially appealing to cast Mr Roberts as the victim of a feminist2 witch hunt. Surely he is a martyr3 who dared to speak the truth: that for many women it is the desire to have a work-life balance, rather than discrimination, that stops them reaching the top of their industry.

    从表面来看,人们很容易把罗伯茨当作女权主义政治迫害的受害者。难道他不是一位敢于说实话的烈士吗:对很多女性来说,难道不是她们对工作/生活平衡的渴望(而不是性别歧视)阻碍着她们攀登事业巅峰?

    But his comments went far beyond that. He denied that gender4 inequality was a problem at all — “the f***ing debate is all over” — and accused British advertising6 consultant7 Cindy Gallop8 of lying about sexual harassment9 in the industry. “I think she’s got problems that are of her own making,” he claimed. “I think she’s making up a lot of the stuff to create a profile, and to take applause.”

    但是他的言论远远超出了这个范畴。他从根本上否认性别不平等是一个问题——“这场该死的辩论已经结束”——并指责英国广告业咨询顾问辛迪•盖洛普(Cindy Gallop)在该行业性骚扰问题上撒谎。“我觉得她的问题都是她自己搞出来的,”他声称,“我觉得她编造了很多内容来建立一个形象,并得到掌声。”

    Under such circumstances, it is unsurprising that Publicis moved against him: an advertising firm should know a bad advert5 for its business when it sees one. Sadiq Khan, mayor or London, has banned “body shaming” posters on the capital’s transport system; Unilever has pledged to spend its £6.3bn annual marketing10 budget on ads that smash female stereotypes11. Sex might still sell but sexism is out of fashion.

    在这种环境下,阳狮倒戈罗伯茨也是意料之中的:广告公司应该一眼看出对自身业务不利的广告。伦敦市长萨迪克•汗(Sadiq Khan)禁止在首都的交通系统内张贴“体形歧视”海报;联合利华(Unilever)承诺将该公司63亿英镑的年度营销预算用于打破女性刻板印象的广告。性可能还有市场,但是性别歧视已经过时了。

    For outsiders, however, an honest conversation is always more useful than knee-jerk condemnation12. Mr Roberts’ comments are a reminder13 of three roadblocks on the path to gender equality at work: outdated14 attitudes; unhelpful structures; and a lack of data — a result of the casual dismissal of women’s experiences.

    然而,在外人看来,坦诚对话总是比条件反射般的谴责来得更实在。罗伯茨的言论提醒了人们,在通往职场性别平等的道路上有3个障碍:过时的态度、无益的结构、以及缺乏数据——随意忽视女性经历的结果。

    First, it is time to overhaul15 our idea of a perfect employee. There is little evidence to support the assumption that macho work-aholics are the most valuable people in a company. Second, we have to smash the artificial division between a woman’s choice to opt16 out of the rat race and “real” discrimination. Our decisions are shaped by the unequal structures of the working environment.

    首先,是时候彻底反思我们对完美员工的想法了。几乎没有证据支持男性工作狂是公司最具价值员工的假设。其次,我们必须打破女性选择退出职场竞争与“真正的”歧视之间的人为划分。我们的决定是由工作环境中的不平等结构造成的。

    Once a woman has taken time off work for childbirth and breastfeeding, a pattern is created where she is seen as the “primary” parent. Many hoped the introduction of shared parental17 leave would change that; but so far UK take-up rates have been very low. (Unlike the Scandinavian model, there is no portion which can only be taken by fathers.)

    一旦女性为生育和哺乳请假,便会出现一种模式——人们会认为她的“首要职责”是母亲。很多人曾希望引入共享产假政策会改变这一点,但是迄今为止英国的接受度仍然非常低。(与北欧模式不同,英国没有只允许父亲申请的产假)。

    The “maternity18 gap” is the most fundamental structural19 problem preventing gender equality in the workplace. Among full-time20 British workers aged 22-29, women earn more than men. At the age where women can work as flexibly, and put in the same long hours as their male peers, they do not fall behind. The pay gap opens up when children arrive — and then never closes again.

    “生育差距”是阻碍职场性别平等最根本的结构性问题。年龄在22-29岁的英国全职员工中,女性的收入超过男性。在女性可以弹性工作、和男性一样投入长时间工作的年龄段,她们并不落后。男女之间的收入差距是在子女出生时拉开,之后再也无法缩小。

    Very few firms “enhance” statutory paternity pay, so men are understandably reluctant to take the drop in status and income that staying at home entails21. There is a very good reason for a woman to return to work after having a baby: an income of her own and the independence that brings. Where is the matching incentive22 for men to undertake more unpaid23 caring labour that takes them out of the workplace? Encouraging men to take shared parental leave, to work part time, or even to leave at 6pm to read a bedtime story, would help.

    很少会有公司“补充”休陪产假的男性的法定收入,因此男性自然不愿接受在家当奶爸所伴随的地位下降和收入下滑。对女性来说,她们有很好的理由在生完孩子后恢复工作:属于自己的收入及其带来的独立性。对男性来说,离开工作场所、承担更多无偿护理的任务有什么对应的激励吗?鼓励男性申请共享产假、做兼职、甚至6点下班回家给孩子讲睡前故事,会有所帮助。

    Finally, we must listen when women talk about the experiences that have held them back. Overt24 discrimination of the “dumb blondes can’t fly planes” school is diminishing, but sexual harassment at work is widespread. It is not something women make up “to create a profile”. A glance around boardrooms and corner offices shows there is no monstrous25 regiment26 of women borne to the top on a wave of allegations against colleagues. Like other whistleblowers, women who accuse their bosses of sexual harassment often end up sidelined or forced out while the accused is protected. Gretchen Carlson, the US television presenter27, was initially28 painted as a washed-up gold-digger when she filed a sexual harassment lawsuit29 against Roger Ailes, the Fox News boss. Then the dam burst: another 20 women came forward with similar accusations30. Mr Ailes, who denies the claims, soon left the company, with a $40m exit package.

    最后,我们必须倾听女性谈论她们受到阻碍的经历。“愚蠢的金发美女开不了飞机”之类的公然歧视正在减少,但是职场性骚扰普遍存在。这并不是女性为“树立形象”而编造的。只要看看董事会和办公室就会发现,没有多少女性是因为指控同事而进入高层的。像其他告发者一样,指控老板性骚扰的女员工往往会被排挤或逼走,而被控的一方则会受到保护。当美国电视主持人格蕾琴•卡尔森(Gretchen Carlson)发起针对福克斯新闻(Fox News)老板罗杰•艾尔斯(Roger Ailes)的性骚扰诉讼时,她最初被描述为拜金女。之后真相有如决堤一般:另外20位女性站出来做出了类似指控。否认这些指控艾尔斯很快离开了公司,带着4000万美元的补偿。

    None of this is a reason for despair, particularly since bright minds in business and academia are focused on the problem. Sometimes the suggested solutions are small: Anne-Marie Slaughter’s Unfinished Business warns against “halo dad” syndrome31, where fathers are praised for simple childcare tasks in a way that reinforces assumptions that men are useless at taking care of others.

    这些都不是绝望的理由,特别是因为商界和学术界的聪明人正在关注这个问题。有时解决建议是细枝末节的:安妮-玛丽•斯劳特(Anne-Marie Slaughter)在其著作《未竟之业》(Unfinished Business)中对“带光环的老爹”综合症——父亲会因为照顾孩子的简单工作而受到表扬,这强化了男性不会照顾他人的假设——提出警告。

    What Works by Professor Iris32 Bohnet of Harvard University offers practical suggestions for reducing bias33 in hiring, pointing out, for example, that blind auditions34 increased the number of female musicians in orchestras.

    哈佛大学(Harvard University)的教授艾里斯•博内特(Iris Bohnet)所著的《What Works》提供了在招聘中减少偏见的实用建议。例如,盲选可以增加管弦乐队中女性音乐家的数量。

    Gender inequality at work is a big challenge but not insoluble. And as more researchers come up with hard data, and more women feel able to speak about their experiences, the debate is far from “all over”. In fact, it is just getting interesting.

    职场的性别不平等问题是一项巨大挑战,但并非不能解决。随着越来越多的研究员得出确切的数据、越来越多的女性认为可以说出自己的经历,这场辩论还远非“结束”。实际上,它正变得有点意思。

     12级    英语新闻 


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    1 vertical [ˈvɜ:tɪkl] ZiywU   第7级
    adj.垂直的,顶点的,纵向的;n.垂直物,垂直的位置
    参考例句:
    • The northern side of the mountain is almost vertical. 这座山的北坡几乎是垂直的。
    • Vertical air motions are not measured by this system. 垂直气流的运动不用这种系统来测量。
    2 feminist [ˈfemənɪst] mliyh   第9级
    adj.主张男女平等的,女权主义的
    参考例句:
    • She followed the feminist movement. 她支持女权运动。
    • Would you consider yourself a feminist? 你认为自己是女权主义者吗?
    3 martyr [ˈmɑ:tə(r)] o7jzm   第9级
    n.烈士,殉难者;vt.杀害,折磨,牺牲
    参考例句:
    • The martyr laid down his life for the cause of national independence. 这位烈士是为了民族独立的事业而献身的。
    • The newspaper carried the martyr's photo framed in black. 报上登载了框有黑边的烈士遗像。
    4 gender [ˈdʒendə(r)] slSyD   第8级
    n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性
    参考例句:
    • French differs from English in having gender for all nouns. 法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性。
    • Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender. 妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。
    5 advert [ˈædvɜ:t] eVLzj   第10级
    vi.注意,留意,言及;n.广告
    参考例句:
    • The advert featured a dolphin swimming around a goldfish bowl. 该广告的內容为一条在金鱼缸里游动的海豚。
    • Please advert to the contents below. I believe you won't be disappointed. 敬请留意后面的内容。相信您一定不会失望的。
    6 advertising [ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ] 1zjzi3   第7级
    n.广告业;广告活动 adj.广告的;广告业务的
    参考例句:
    • Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
    • The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。
    7 consultant [kənˈsʌltənt] 2v0zp3   第7级
    n.顾问;会诊医师,专科医生
    参考例句:
    • He is a consultant on law affairs to the mayor. 他是市长的一个法律顾问。
    • Originally, Gar had agreed to come up as a consultant. 原来,加尔只答应来充当我们的顾问。
    8 gallop [ˈgæləp] MQdzn   第7级
    v./n.(马或骑马等)飞奔;飞速发展
    参考例句:
    • They are coming at a gallop towards us. 他们正朝着我们飞跑过来。
    • The horse slowed to a walk after its long gallop. 那匹马跑了一大阵后慢下来缓步而行。
    9 harassment ['hærəsmənt] weNxI   第8级
    n.骚扰,扰乱,烦恼,烦乱
    参考例句:
    • She often got telephone harassment at night these days. 这些天她经常在夜晚受到电话骚扰。
    • The company prohibits any form of harassment. 公司禁止任何形式的骚扰行为。
    10 marketing [ˈmɑ:kɪtɪŋ] Boez7e   第8级
    n.行销,在市场的买卖,买东西
    参考例句:
    • They are developing marketing network. 他们正在发展销售网络。
    • He often goes marketing. 他经常去市场做生意。
    11 stereotypes [ˈsteriəˌtaɪps] 1ff39410e7d7a101c62ac42c17e0df24   第7级
    n.老套,模式化的见解,有老一套固定想法的人( stereotype的名词复数 )v.把…模式化,使成陈规( stereotype的第三人称单数 )
    参考例句:
    • Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。
    • It makes me sick to read over such stereotypes devoid of content. 这种空洞无物的八股调,我看了就讨厌。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
    12 condemnation [ˌkɔndem'neiʃən] 2pSzp   第7级
    n.谴责; 定罪
    参考例句:
    • There was widespread condemnation of the invasion. 那次侵略遭到了人们普遍的谴责。
    • The jury's condemnation was a shock to the suspect. 陪审团宣告有罪使嫌疑犯大为震惊。
    13 reminder [rɪˈmaɪndə(r)] WkzzTb   第9级
    n.提醒物,纪念品;暗示,提示
    参考例句:
    • I have had another reminder from the library. 我又收到图书馆的催还单。
    • It always took a final reminder to get her to pay her share of the rent. 总是得发给她一份最后催缴通知,她才付应该交的房租。
    14 outdated [ˌaʊtˈdeɪtɪd] vJTx0   第8级
    adj.旧式的,落伍的,过时的;v.使过时
    参考例句:
    • That list of addresses is outdated, many have changed. 那个通讯录已经没用了,许多地址已经改了。
    • Many of us conform to the outdated customs laid down by our forebears. 我们许多人都遵循祖先立下的过时习俗。
    15 overhaul [ˈəʊvəhɔ:l] yKGxy   第9级
    vt./n.大修,仔细检查
    参考例句:
    • Master Worker Wang is responsible for the overhaul of this grinder. 王师傅主修这台磨床。
    • It is generally appreciated that the rail network needs a complete overhaul. 众所周知,铁路系统需要大检修。
    16 opt [ɒpt] a4Szv   第7级
    vi.选择,决定做某事
    参考例句:
    • They opt for more holiday instead of more pay. 他们选择了延长假期而不是增加工资。
    • Will individual schools be given the right to opt out of the local school authority? 各个学校可能有权选择退出地方教育局吗?
    17 parental [pəˈrentl] FL2xv   第9级
    adj.父母的;父的;母的
    参考例句:
    • He encourages parental involvement in the running of school. 他鼓励学生家长参与学校的管理。
    • Children always revolt against parental disciplines. 孩子们总是反抗父母的管束。
    18 maternity [məˈtɜ:nəti] kjbyx   第10级
    n.母性,母道,妇产科病房;adj.孕妇的,母性的
    参考例句:
    • Women workers are entitled to maternity leave with full pay. 女工产假期间工资照发。
    • Trainee nurses have to work for some weeks in maternity. 受训的护士必须在产科病房工作数周。
    19 structural [ˈstrʌktʃərəl] itXw5   第8级
    adj.构造的,组织的,建筑(用)的
    参考例句:
    • The storm caused no structural damage. 风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
    • The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities. 北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。
    20 full-time [ˈfʊlˈtaɪm] SsBz42   第8级
    adj.满工作日的或工作周的,全时间的
    参考例句:
    • A full-time job may be too much for her. 全天工作她恐怕吃不消。
    • I don't know how she copes with looking after her family and doing a full-time job. 既要照顾家庭又要全天工作,我不知道她是如何对付的。
    21 entails [inˈteilz] bc08bbfc5f8710441959edc8dadcb925   第7级
    使…成为必要( entail的第三人称单数 ); 需要; 限定继承; 使必需
    参考例句:
    • The job entails a lot of hard work. 这工作需要十分艰苦的努力。
    • This job entails a lot of hard work. 这项工作需要十分努力。
    22 incentive [ɪnˈsentɪv] j4zy9   第7级
    n.刺激;动力;鼓励;诱因;动机
    参考例句:
    • Money is still a major incentive in most occupations. 在许多职业中,钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。
    • He hasn't much incentive to work hard. 他没有努力工作的动机。
    23 unpaid [ˌʌnˈpeɪd] fjEwu   第8级
    adj.未付款的,无报酬的
    参考例句:
    • Doctors work excessive unpaid overtime. 医生过度加班却无报酬。
    • He's doing a month's unpaid work experience with an engineering firm. 他正在一家工程公司无偿工作一个月以获得工作经验。
    24 overt [əʊˈvɜ:t] iKoxp   第7级
    adj.公开的,明显的,公然的
    参考例句:
    • His opponent's intention is quite overt. 他的对手的意图很明显。
    • We should learn to fight with enemy in an overt and covert way. 我们应学会同敌人做公开和隐蔽的斗争。
    25 monstrous [ˈmɒnstrəs] vwFyM   第9级
    adj.巨大的;恐怖的;可耻的,丢脸的
    参考例句:
    • The smoke began to whirl and grew into a monstrous column. 浓烟开始盘旋上升,形成了一个巨大的烟柱。
    • Your behaviour in class is monstrous! 你在课堂上的行为真是丢人!
    26 regiment [ˈredʒɪmənt] JATzZ   第9级
    n.团,多数,管理;v.组织,编成团,统制
    参考例句:
    • As he hated army life, he decide to desert his regiment. 因为他嫌恶军队生活,所以他决心背弃自己所在的那个团。
    • They reformed a division into a regiment. 他们将一个师整编成为一个团。
    27 presenter [prɪˈzentə(r)] llRzYi   第8级
    n.(电视、广播的)主持人,赠与者
    参考例句:
    • Most people think being a television presenter is exciting. 很多人认为当电视节目主持人是一件刺激的事情。
    • The programme dispensed with its most popular presenter. 这个节目最受欢迎的主持人被换掉了。
    28 initially [ɪˈnɪʃəli] 273xZ   第8级
    adv.最初,开始
    参考例句:
    • The ban was initially opposed by the US. 这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
    • Feathers initially developed from insect scales. 羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。
    29 lawsuit [ˈlɔ:su:t] A14xy   第9级
    n.诉讼,控诉
    参考例句:
    • They threatened him with a lawsuit. 他们以诉讼威逼他。
    • He was perpetually involving himself in this long lawsuit. 他使自己无休止地卷入这场长时间的诉讼。
    30 accusations [ˌækju:ˈzeɪʃənz] 3e7158a2ffc2cb3d02e77822c38c959b   第8级
    n.指责( accusation的名词复数 );指控;控告;(被告发、控告的)罪名
    参考例句:
    • There were accusations of plagiarism. 曾有过关于剽窃的指控。
    • He remained unruffled by their accusations. 对于他们的指控他处之泰然。
    31 syndrome [ˈsɪndrəʊm] uqBwu   第7级
    n.综合病症;并存特性
    参考例句:
    • The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. 该研究所表示,引起这种综合症的是一种尚未确认的病毒。
    • Results indicated that 11 fetuses had Down syndrome. 结果表明有11个胎儿患有唐氏综合征。
    32 iris [ˈaɪrɪs] Ekly8   第12级
    n.虹膜,彩虹
    参考例句:
    • The opening of the iris is called the pupil. 虹膜的开口处叫做瞳孔。
    • This incredible human eye, complete with retina and iris, can be found in the Maldives. 又是在马尔代夫,有这样一只难以置信的眼睛,连视网膜和虹膜都刻画齐全了。
    33 bias [ˈbaɪəs] 0QByQ   第7级
    n.偏见,偏心,偏袒;vt.使有偏见
    参考例句:
    • They are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking. 他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
    • He had a bias toward the plan. 他对这项计划有偏见。
    34 auditions [ɔ:ˈdɪʃənz] e5157b20249609404011a5fbf4ffb336   第9级
    n.(对拟做演员、歌手、乐师等人的)试听,试音( audition的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • Find modeling auditions, casting calls& acting auditions, all in one place. 找一个立体感试听,铸造呼叫和表演试听一体的地方。 来自互联网
    • We are now about to start auditions to find a touring guitarist. 我们现在准备找一个新的吉他手。 来自互联网

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