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休假只能带来短暂的解脱
添加时间:2016-09-28 12:29:11 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • The month of August, that hallowed time when Latin Europe grinds to a sunny halt, concludes with September’s good intentions to sustain the summer’s healthier habits.

    神圣的8月,拉丁欧洲在明媚的阳光下进入假期,暂停很大一部分运转。到了9月,人们纷纷抱着保持夏天更健康习惯的美好愿望。

    Rapidly we revert1 to form.

    然而我们很快故态复萌。

    Finnish researcher Jessica de Bloom’s analysis shows the feelings of renewal2 that people report after a seven-day holiday fade within one to four weeks of returning to work.

    芬兰研究员杰西卡•迪布洛姆(Jessica de Bloom)的分析显示,人们在7天假期后报告的那种精神抖擞的感觉会在恢复工作的1至4周内消退。

    A short break, concludes a Scientific American article, is like a cool shower on an oppressively muggy3 summer day — a refreshing4 yet fleeting5 escape.

    科学美国人》(Scientific American)一篇文章总结道,短暂的假期就像在潮湿闷热的夏日冲一个冷水澡——提神,但只能带来短暂的解脱。

    On a continuum from the mini-sabbatical to the French month-long pause to the incredible shrinking US vacation, how much time is enough to not just recover physically6 but also to motivate a personal course correction?

    从小长假和法国人长达一个月的假期,到美国人不可思议的越来越短的假期,休假多久才足以在恢复元气的同时,激发人生道路的调整?

    In keeping with our smarter, faster, better culture, Ms de Bloom advises meting7 out our allotted8 rest and restoration into shorter, more frequent vacations.

    按照我们的更聪明、更快、更好文化,迪布洛姆建议重新安排我们的假期,调整为更短、更频繁的假期。

    But what if we need bigger chunks9 of downtime to recharge our batteries fully and gain adequate mental distance from our often toxic10 work environments? Unfortunately, there is scant11 research to enlighten us.

    但如果我们需要更长的假期来充足电,并与往往有毒的工作环境拉开心理距离,那该怎么办?遗憾的是,目前缺少这方面的研究来启迪我们。

    A 13-year study of four cohorts of investment bankers illustrates12 the long-term costs of ignoring our bodies’ need for respite13.

    一项对4组投资银行家进行的长达13年的研究表明,忽视人体对休息的需求会带来长期代价。

    The bankers followed by Alexandra Michel, a Wharton business school professor, pushed the limits of their young bodies with impunity14 in their first three years as associates.

    沃顿商学院(Wharton School)教授亚力山德拉•米歇尔(Alexandra Michel)跟踪调查的这些银行家,在刚进投行、担任副经理的头三年期间不要命地工作,把自己的年轻身体频频推到极限。

    Around year four, they started to break down from overwork.

    到了第4年左右,他们开始因过度工作而出现问题。

    Eating disorders15, tics, sleep disturbances16, anxiety and depression were commonplace.

    常见问题是饮食失调、抽搐、睡眠障碍、焦虑以及抑郁。

    Most of them responded by pushing harder to maintain performance.

    多数人的应对方式是加倍努力以保持绩效。

    Eighty per cent strongly agreed with the statement: I am trying harder to control my body but with less success than before.

    80%的人强烈同意这个说法:我更努力地尝试控制我的身体,但是不像以前那么成功。

    Starting at year six, 40 per cent had breakdowns18 so severe they were forced to stop working.

    从第6年开始,40%的人顶不住,他们的问题如此严重,以至于被迫停止工作。

    Responses to the breakdowns fell into two camps.

    这些银行家对身体故障的反应分为两种。

    One group treated their bodies as antagonists19, escalating20 efforts to exert control.

    一组人把自己的身体当成对抗者,需要加大努力胜过它。

    They talked about letting your body know who is in charge and submitted to extreme regimes such as lemon-juice only cleanses21 and boot-camp training.

    他们会说让你的身体知道谁才是主人,并采取各种极端对策,如柠檬汁净化疗法和集训式训练。

    A second group learnt to treat their bodies as insightful advisers22, heeding23 even subtle signs such as low energy as cues: I learnt to differentiate24 between being tired and drained.

    第二组人学着把自己的身体视为有洞察力的顾问,会留意到精神不振等细微迹象,将其视为线索:我学会了区分疲劳和筋疲力尽。

    When I am drained, my body says that something isn’t right and I stop and try to figure it out, said one in this camp.

    当我筋疲力尽时,我的身体会提醒我有什么地方不对劲,我会停下来试着找到原因,该组的一位银行家表示。

    The longer intermissions their maladies imposed allowed them to step back for long enough to recognise and reject their companies’ unwritten rules.

    疾病带来的较长的间歇期让他们后退一步,认识到——并拒绝——公司的潜规则。

    Once your body forces you to stop certain behaviour, you ask why you engaged in them and whether there are alternatives, said one director.

    一名总监称,一旦你的身体迫使你停止某种行为,你会问自己为何要那么拼命工作、有没有替代选择。

    As Prof Michel followed her participants into new and different careers at middle age, from the ninth to the 13th year of the study, she also found that avoiding unsustainable work habits takes more than changing jobs or even occupations.

    随着研究进入第9至13年,米歇尔教授跟随步入中年的参与者进入了全新的职业,她发现,难以为继的工作习惯不是跳槽或者改行就能克服的。

    Many of them relapsed after moving into organisations that were supposedly less work intensive.

    在进入工作强度理应较小的组织后,他们中的多数人旧病复发了。

    Even among those who had learnt to treat their bodies as insightful advisers, a significant number experienced a second breakdown17 within the first year at their new jobs.

    即使是那些已经学会把身体视为有洞察力顾问的人,也有相当一部分人在进入新工作后的第一年内经历第二次崩溃。

    Not only had they chosen similarly demanding positions but, still weakened from their tenure25 at the banks, they also failed to take sufficient time in between roles to convalesce26 and gain psychological distance from their hard-driving selves.

    他们不仅选择了类似的高要求职位,而且,在仍然因为在银行的工作而身体虚弱的时候,未能在角色转换期花足够时间修整,并从心理上远离要强的自我。

    Needless to say, they also intensified27 the pace of work for everyone else, role-modelling behaviours they were then forced to sustain.

    不用说,他们把别人的工作节奏也搞得紧张兮兮,而他们自己随后被迫维持榜样行为。

    A spate28 of neurological studies show that downtime is not only crucial for replenishing the brain’s stores of attention and motivation, but also for sustaining the cognitive29 processes that make us human.

    大量神经学研究表明,休假不仅对大脑恢复注意力和积极性至关重要,而且对维持使我们具有人性的认知过程不可或缺。

    The time to think so many of us naively30 pine for allows us to consolidate31 memories, integrate what we have learnt, plan for the future, maintain our moral compass and construct a sense of self.

    我们许多人出于本能渴望的思考时间使我们得以巩固记忆、整合我们所学的知识、规划未来、恪守我们的道德指南针,并构建自我意识。

    The popularity of sabbaticals and adult gap-years is but one indication of our desire for respite.

    长假和成年人间隙年受到追捧,是我们渴望喘息的一个迹象。

    Yet, people cram32 them full of languages to learn and mountains to trek33 in a manic attempt to increase the yield on our decreasing amount of leisure time, while their organisations claw back time at the front and back end of a hard-negotiated, and often too-short, time period.

    不过,人们给这样的假期塞满了需要学习的外语和需要翻越的高山,疯狂地试图充分利用日益缩短的休闲时光,而他们所在的组织在这个艰难谈判得到的、往往太短暂的休假期的前后分派更多任务,使实际假期更加短暂。

    Still, for those of us who need it most, withdrawal34 from the fray35 is rarely voluntary.

    话虽如此,对于那些最需要休假的人来说,退出职场打拼很少是自愿的。

    More often than not our recalcitrant36 bodies drag us into repose37.

    在更多情况下,不再听话的身体会迫使我们休息。

    Maybe it is time to give the way we work a rest.

    或许是时候让我们的工作方式休息一下了。

     12级    英文科普 


    点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

    1 revert [rɪˈvɜ:t] OBwzV   第9级
    vi.恢复,复归,回到;vt.使回复原状
    参考例句:
    • Let us revert to the earlier part of the chapter. 让我们回到本章的前面部分。
    • Shall we revert to the matter we talked about yesterday? 我们接着昨天谈过的问题谈,好吗?
    2 renewal [rɪˈnju:əl] UtZyW   第8级
    adj.(契约)延期,续订,更新,复活,重来
    参考例句:
    • Her contract is coming up for renewal in the autumn. 她的合同秋天就应该续签了。
    • Easter eggs symbolize the renewal of life. 复活蛋象征新生。
    3 muggy [ˈmʌgi] wFDxl   第12级
    adj.闷热的;adv.(天气)闷热而潮湿地;n.(天气)闷热而潮湿
    参考例句:
    • We may expect muggy weather when the rainy season begins. 雨季开始时,我们预料有闷热的天气。
    • It was muggy and overcast. 天气闷热潮湿,而且天色阴沉。
    4 refreshing [rɪˈfreʃɪŋ] HkozPQ   第8级
    adj.使精神振作的,使人清爽的,使人喜欢的
    参考例句:
    • I find it so refreshing to work with young people in this department. 我发现和这一部门的青年一起工作令人精神振奋。
    • The water was cold and wonderfully refreshing. 水很涼,特别解乏提神。
    5 fleeting [ˈfli:tɪŋ] k7zyS   第9级
    adj.短暂的,飞逝的
    参考例句:
    • The girls caught only a fleeting glimpse of the driver. 女孩们只匆匆瞥了一眼司机。
    • Knowing the life fleeting, she set herself to enjoy if as best as she could. 她知道这种日子转瞬即逝,于是让自已尽情地享受。
    6 physically [ˈfɪzɪkli] iNix5   第8级
    adj.物质上,体格上,身体上,按自然规律
    参考例句:
    • He was out of sorts physically, as well as disordered mentally. 他浑身不舒服,心绪也很乱。
    • Every time I think about it I feel physically sick. 一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。
    7 meting [mi:tɪŋ] eeeaa4c92e1112f32e8aa90d1c9b204b   第10级
    v.(对某人)施以,给予(处罚等)( mete的现在分词 )
    参考例句:
    • The manager was strict and fair in meting out rewards and punishments. 经理赏罚严明。 来自互联网
    • Doris Crockford. Mr. Potter. I can't believe I'm meting you at last. 我叫桃瑞丝。韦斯莱。波特先生。我真不敢相信,总算见到您了。 来自互联网
    8 allotted [ə'lɒtɪd] 5653ecda52c7b978bd6890054bd1f75f   第9级
    分配,拨给,摊派( allot的过去式和过去分词 )
    参考例句:
    • I completed the test within the time allotted . 我在限定的时间内完成了试验。
    • Each passenger slept on the berth allotted to him. 每个旅客都睡在分配给他的铺位上。
    9 chunks [tʃʌŋks] a0e6aa3f5109dc15b489f628b2f01028   第8级
    厚厚的一块( chunk的名词复数 ); (某物)相当大的数量或部分
    参考例句:
    • a tin of pineapple chunks 一罐菠萝块
    • Those chunks of meat are rather large—could you chop them up a bIt'smaller? 这些肉块相当大,还能再切小一点吗?
    10 toxic [ˈtɒksɪk] inSwc   第7级
    adj.有毒的,因中毒引起的
    参考例句:
    • The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea. 这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
    • There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere. 爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。
    11 scant [skænt] 2Dwzx   第10级
    adj.不充分的,不足的;v.减缩,限制,忽略
    参考例句:
    • Don't scant the butter when you make a cake. 做糕饼时不要吝惜奶油。
    • Many mothers pay scant attention to their own needs when their children are small. 孩子们小的时候,许多母亲都忽视自己的需求。
    12 illustrates [ˈiləstreits] a03402300df9f3e3716d9eb11aae5782   第7级
    给…加插图( illustrate的第三人称单数 ); 说明; 表明; (用示例、图画等)说明
    参考例句:
    • This historical novel illustrates the breaking up of feudal society in microcosm. 这部历史小说是走向崩溃的封建社会的缩影。
    • Alfred Adler, a famous doctor, had an experience which illustrates this. 阿尔弗莱德 - 阿德勒是一位著名的医生,他有过可以说明这点的经历。 来自中级百科部分
    13 respite [ˈrespaɪt] BWaxa   第10级
    n.休息,中止,暂缓
    参考例句:
    • She was interrogated without respite for twenty-four hours. 她被不间断地审问了二十四小时。
    • Devaluation would only give the economy a brief respite. 贬值只能让经济得到暂时的缓解。
    14 impunity [ɪmˈpju:nəti] g9Qxb   第10级
    n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除
    参考例句:
    • You will not escape with impunity. 你不可能逃脱惩罚。
    • The impunity what compulsory insurance sets does not include escapement. 交强险规定的免责范围不包括逃逸。
    15 disorders [disˈɔ:dəz] 6e49dcafe3638183c823d3aa5b12b010   第7级
    n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 );凌乱;骚乱;(身心、机能)失调
    参考例句:
    • Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告,厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    16 disturbances [dɪs'tɜ:bənsɪz] a0726bd74d4516cd6fbe05e362bc74af   第7级
    n.骚乱( disturbance的名词复数 );打扰;困扰;障碍
    参考例句:
    • The government has set up a commission of inquiry into the disturbances at the prison. 政府成立了一个委员会来调查监狱骚乱事件。
    • Extra police were called in to quell the disturbances. 已调集了增援警力来平定骚乱。
    17 breakdown [ˈbreɪkdaʊn] cS0yx   第7级
    n.垮,衰竭;损坏,故障,倒塌
    参考例句:
    • She suffered a nervous breakdown. 她患神经衰弱。
    • The plane had a breakdown in the air, but it was fortunately removed by the ace pilot. 飞机在空中发生了故障,但幸运的是被王牌驾驶员排除了。
    18 breakdowns [b'reɪkdaʊnz] 919fc9fd80aa490eca3549d2d73016e3   第7级
    n.分解( breakdown的名词复数 );衰竭;(车辆或机器的)损坏;统计分析
    参考例句:
    • Her old car was unreliable, so the trip was plagued by breakdowns. 她的旧车老不听使唤,一路上总是出故障。 来自辞典例句
    • How do we prevent these continual breakdowns? 我们如何防止这些一再出现的故障? 来自辞典例句
    19 antagonists [æn'tæɡənɪsts] 7b4cd3775e231e0c24f47e65f0de337b   第8级
    对立[对抗] 者,对手,敌手( antagonist的名词复数 ); 对抗肌; 对抗药
    参考例句:
    • The cavalier defeated all the antagonists. 那位骑士打败了所有的敌手。
    • The result was the entire reconstruction of the navies of both the antagonists. 双方的海军就从这场斗争里获得了根本的改造。
    20 escalating [ˈeskəleitɪŋ] 1b4e810e65548c7656e9ea468e403ca1   第7级
    v.(使)逐步升级( escalate的现在分词 );(使)逐步扩大;(使)更高;(使)更大
    参考例句:
    • The cost of living is escalating. 生活费用在迅速上涨。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • The cost of living is escalating in the country. 这个国家的生活费用在上涨。 来自辞典例句
    21 cleanses [klenziz] ea8acf6303cc0c9afcee716d20dbc0d0   第9级
    弄干净,清洗( cleanse的第三人称单数 )
    参考例句:
    • Prayer cleanses the soul, but pain cleanses the body. 祈祷净化灵魂,而痛苦则净化身体。
    • With water and iodine from the closet, he cleanses my lip. 用温水和碘从壁橱里,他洗净我的嘴唇。
    22 advisers [əd'vaɪzəz] d4866a794d72d2a666da4e4803fdbf2e   第8级
    顾问,劝告者( adviser的名词复数 ); (指导大学新生学科问题等的)指导教授
    参考例句:
    • a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
    • She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。
    23 heeding [hi:dɪŋ] e57191803bfd489e6afea326171fe444   第9级
    v.听某人的劝告,听从( heed的现在分词 )
    参考例句:
    • This come of heeding people who say one thing and mean another! 有些人嘴里一回事,心里又是一回事,今天这个下场都是听信了这种人的话的结果。 来自辞典例句
    • Her dwarfish spouse still smoked his cigar and drank his rum without heeding her. 她那矮老公还在吸他的雪茄,喝他的蔗酒,睬也不睬她。 来自辞典例句
    24 differentiate [ˌdɪfəˈrenʃieɪt] cm3yc   第7级
    vi.(between)区分;vt.区别;使不同
    参考例句:
    • You can differentiate between the houses by the shape of their chimneys. 你可以凭借烟囱形状的不同来区分这两幢房子。
    • He never learned to differentiate between good and evil. 他从未学会分辨善恶。
    25 tenure [ˈtenjə(r)] Uqjy2   第10级
    n.终身职位;任期;(土地)保有权,保有期
    参考例句:
    • He remained popular throughout his tenure of the office of mayor. 他在担任市长的整个任期内都深得民心。
    • Land tenure is a leading political issue in many parts of the world. 土地的保有权在世界很多地区是主要的政治问题。
    26 convalesce [ˌkɒnvəˈles] qY9zd   第12级
    vi.康复,复原
    参考例句:
    • She went to the seaside to convalesce after her stay in hospital. 她经过住院治疗后,前往海滨养病。
    • After two weeks, I was allowed home, where I convalesced for three months. 两周之后,我获准回家,休养了3个月之后逐渐康复。
    27 intensified [inˈtensifaid] 4b3b31dab91d010ec3f02bff8b189d1a   第7级
    v.(使)增强, (使)加剧( intensify的过去式和过去分词 )
    参考例句:
    • Violence intensified during the night. 在夜间暴力活动加剧了。
    • The drought has intensified. 旱情加剧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    28 spate [speɪt] BF7zJ   第10级
    n.泛滥,洪水,突然的一阵
    参考例句:
    • Police are investigating a spate of burglaries in the area. 警察正在调查这一地区发生的大量盗窃案。
    • Refugees crossed the border in full spate. 难民大量地越过了边境。
    29 cognitive [ˈkɒgnətɪv] Uqwz0   第7级
    adj.认知的,认识的,有感知的
    参考例句:
    • As children grow older, their cognitive processes become sharper. 孩子们越长越大,他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
    • The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works. 认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。
    30 naively [nɑˈi:vlɪ] c42c6bc174e20d494298dbdd419a3b18   第7级
    adv. 天真地
    参考例句:
    • They naively assume things can only get better. 他们天真地以为情况只会变好。
    • In short, Knox's proposal was ill conceived and naively made. 总而言之,诺克斯的建议考虑不周,显示幼稚。
    31 consolidate [kənˈsɒlɪdeɪt] XYkyV   第7级
    vt.使加固,使加强;(把...)联为一体,合并;vi.巩固,加强
    参考例句:
    • The two banks will consolidate in July next year. 这两家银行明年7月将合并。
    • The government hoped to consolidate ten states to form three new ones. 政府希望把十个州合并成三个新的州。
    32 cram [kræm] 6oizE   第8级
    vi. 狼吞虎咽地吃东西;死记硬背功课 vt. 填满,塞满;死记硬背;猛吃 n. 死记硬背;极度拥挤
    参考例句:
    • There was such a cram in the church. 教堂里拥挤得要命。
    • The room's full, we can't cram any more people in. 屋里满满的,再也挤不进去人了。
    33 trek [trek] 9m8wi   第8级
    vi.作长途艰辛的旅行;n.长途艰苦的旅行
    参考例句:
    • We often go pony-trek in the summer. 夏季我们经常骑马旅行。
    • It took us the whole day to trek across the rocky terrain. 我们花了一整天的时间艰难地穿过那片遍布岩石的地带。
    34 withdrawal [wɪðˈdrɔ:əl] Cfhwq   第7级
    n.取回,提款;撤退,撤军;收回,撤销
    参考例句:
    • The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal. 警方被迫进行战术撤退。
    • They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology. 他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。
    35 fray [freɪ] NfDzp   第9级
    vt.争吵;打斗;磨损,磨破;vi. 被磨损;n.吵架;打斗
    参考例句:
    • Why should you get involved in their fray? 你为什么要介入他们的争吵呢?
    • Tempers began to fray in the hot weather. 大热天脾气烦燥。
    36 recalcitrant [rɪˈkælsɪtrənt] 7SKzJ   第11级
    adj.倔强的,拒不服从的
    参考例句:
    • The University suspended the most recalcitrant demonstraters. 这所大学把几个反抗性最强的示威者开除了。
    • Donkeys are reputed to be the most recalcitrant animals. 驴被认为是最倔强的牲畜。
    37 repose [rɪˈpəʊz] KVGxQ   第11级
    vt.(使)休息;n.安息
    参考例句:
    • Don't disturb her repose. 不要打扰她休息。
    • Her mouth seemed always to be smiling, even in repose. 她的嘴角似乎总是挂着微笑,即使在睡眠时也是这样。

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