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速度最快的海洋动物(3)
添加时间:2016-09-30 20:01:40 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • 5.The Mako Shark

    5.灰鲭鲨

    Much like their larger cousins, the Great Whites, Mako sharks are found in waters all over the world, though they are particularly well-adapted to surviving in cold water. They are known as pelagic species, which means they prefer deep ocean waters free of clutter1 for their travels. And travel they do, with a regular cruising speed of around 35 miles per hour, they cover migration2 ranges of more than a thousand miles in only a month. However, when they are hunting or feel threatened, they can execute bursts of speed in excess of 60 miles per hour. While they aren’t especially picky about what they eat, they seem to prefer schooling3 fish—tuna, swordfish, or herring.

    灰鲭鲨和体积偏大的大白鲨有点像,虽然更适应在冷水里生存,但是各个海域中都能见到它们的身影。灰鲭鲨是深海生物,喜欢在没有阻力的海洋深处任意游动。它们能以35英里每小时的速度,只用一个月游完1000英里的迁徙距离。但是当它们捕食或是感觉受到威胁的时候,它们的游速可以超过60英里每小时。它们对自己的食物倒不是特别挑剔,但似乎偏向集群鱼类一点——金枪鱼,箭鱼或是青鱼。

    Descended4 from a Cretaceous Era giant of the sea, the Mako of today tops out at around 500 pounds—and bears all the hallmarks of evolutionary5 success. They have a compact, streamlined design that makes speed on demand a possibility. Large eyes, which are even larger in the rare longfin variant7 of the species, render them highly successful hunters. One other evolutionary marvel8 that they share with Great Whites is an endothermic circulatory system—that means warm-blooded. This enables them to distribute and maintain a stable body heat even in the coldest water. While it is a mechanism9 employed by several fish throughout the world, it is a characteristic that has been honed to perfection by these ultimate predators10 of the sea.

    继承了白垩纪海洋巨型生物的特点——灰鲭鲨最重可达到5000磅左右,身上带着成功进化的印记。紧凑,流线型的体型满足对速度的需求。灰鲭鲨的眼睛比长鳍变异生物的眼睛还大,因此它们成为了海洋中捕食成功率非常高的捕猎者。另一个和大白鲨都有的进化特征便是体内的吸热循环系统——也就是说它们是温血动物。因此即使在最寒冷的冬天也能够散热保持身体的恒定温度。虽然世界上有很多鱼都拥有这样的本事,但这个特点让这些海里的终极捕食者变得愈趋完美。

    4.The Bone Fish

    4.骨鱼

    This fish can be found in most tropical and subtropical shallow waters. It’s so named for its large number of fine bones, but it’s also one of the fastest shallow bottom fish in the world. Unlike its faster friends, the pelagic fishes, such as tuna and mackerel, this fish moves up into mud flats to feed during high tide, and has an air bladder that allows it to breathe easy during these trips. They tend to enjoy crustaceans11 and other creatures found in less than twelve inches of water that they crush with powerful pharyngeal teeth. While they can live as long as 19 years, these fish are a favorite snack of both sharks and barracudas. That means they have a need for speed in order to escape capture. They can maintain flight speed of up to 40 miles per hour for long durations. Another safety tactic12 is their small school size—only about 100 gather together at any time, and each fish maintains a constant distance from its neighbors.

    在大部分热带和亚热带的浅海里都能发现骨鱼。它身上有许多细密的骨头,因此得名,但是它也是世界上游得最快的浅底鱼之一。不像其它游得更快的小伙伴,比如金枪鱼和鲭鱼这样的上层鱼类,骨鱼在涨潮时钻进泥滩觅食,气囊让它在找食物的路途上呼吸得更轻松。它们喜欢吃甲壳类动物和其他生活在水下12英尺以内的生物,进食时它们会用有力的牙齿咬碎猎物。只有19年寿命的骨鱼是鲨鱼和梭鱼最爱的零食。因此它们必须要速度很快才能躲过猎捕。骨鱼可以长时间保持40英里每小时的速度游动。另外鱼群很小——任何时候都只有100条鱼聚集在一起,每条鱼之间都保持恒定的距离。

    They range throughout the Caribbean Sea—as far north as the Carolinas and down as far as the lower reaches of Brazil in their Atlantic habitats. They can be found from Hawaii to Peru and up as far North as San Francisco Bay in the Pacific, but tend to shy away from ranging any farther from the equator. While they are often prized as game fish among sports enthusiasts13—especially for their canny14 habits and maneuvers15 honed while outwitting natural predators—the flesh is incredibly bony. It is, therefore, not considered an important source of nutrition when other fish are available. Its other names also include bananafish, banana, and ladyfish.

    整个加勒比地区,北至卡罗来纳,一直到巴西的下游都有骨鱼的栖息地。从夏威夷到秘鲁,北至太平洋的旧金山湾都可以发现它们的踪迹,但是这些鱼很少在赤道附近活动。尽管在体育爱好者中,骨鱼常常被作为猎用鱼——尤其是因为它们可以谨慎的生活习惯和矫健的身姿战胜天敌。骨鱼骨瘦如柴,因此,当有其他鱼类可以选择时,它们就不作为重要的营养来源了。骨鱼也叫香蕉鱼、香蕉和海鲢。

    3.The Barracuda

    3.梭鱼

    Often called a King Fish or a Wahoo, this fish is a decidedly nasty customer. One of the most proficient16 predators in tropical and subtropical waters around the world, the barracuda reaches a top speed of 47 miles per hour. When paired with its distinctive17 and often unpredictable directional darting18, what is a terror for fish is a delightful19 challenge for sport fishing enthusiasts. While they’re a pelagic or open-water species, they also make themselves quite at home among the formations of reefs.

    梭鱼通常被称为国王鱼或火树,这种鱼相当卑鄙下流。它是热带和亚热带海域中最熟练的捕食者之一。梭鱼最高时速可达47英里。当配上它独一无二又不可预知的猛冲时,对其他鱼是一种灾难,但对钓鱼爱好者来说是一项令人愉快的的运动。虽然它们生活在深海和远洋之中,但是在珊瑚礁自己家里时也是十分安静的。

    In the tropics, snorkeling and diving parties are often warned to keep a sharp eye out for these unfriendly-looking fish. They aren’t in the habit of attacking humans, but they may be aggressive if they feel threatened. While they do hunt among the reefs, more often, they can be found hanging in the midst of a current, looking for all the world as if they’re taking a break. Tending to favor a diverse diet of other pelagic species and squid, they have few natural predators. However, several species of sharks and larger predatory fish find them delicious. One fascinating aspect of the barracuda’s development is that, while most individual specimens20 tend to slow in growth once they’ve reached about 66 inches in length, their weight is a different matter. Specimens that live in the warmer waters of equatorial oceans and seas tend to be less robust21. Weight appears to be dependent upon how cold the water becomes—the heavier specimens living in the chillier22 northern waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean23 Sea. As well, while they are fully mature at two years of age, researchers believe that they may live to be six years old or more in ideal conditions.

    在热带地区,带装备潜水的朋友们常常要警惕这些不友好的鱼。它们没有攻击人类的习惯,但如果它们感到有危险就会变得很有攻击性。梭鱼在珊瑚礁中捕食时,会隐藏在涌流中,搜寻猎物,但是外表看起来却像正在休息。它们的饮食十分多样,吃深海中的生物和鱿鱼,几乎没有天敌。但是偶尔也会沦为某些鲨鱼和大型食肉鱼的盘中餐。关于梭鱼的成长有一个有趣的事,一旦长到66英寸左右,身长就会减缓生长,但体重的增长就是另一回事了。生活在温暖水域和赤道附近的海洋的梭鱼不太健壮,它们的体重似乎与水温有关。太平洋和大西洋北部寒冷的水域及地中海中的梭鱼较重。梭鱼两岁便成年,研究人员认为它们有六年的寿命,在理想环境下,可能会更长一点。

    2.The Swordfish

    2.旗鱼Often called a King Fish or a Wahoo, this fish is a decidedly nasty customer. One of the most proficient predators in tropical and subtropical waters around the world, the barracuda reaches a top speed of 47 miles per hour. When paired with its distinctive and often unpredictable directional darting, what is a terror for fish is a delightful challenge for sport fishing enthusiasts. While they’re a pelagic or open-water species, they also make themselves quite at home among the formations of reefs.

    梭鱼通常被称为国王鱼或火树,这种鱼相当卑鄙下流。它是热带和亚热带海域中最熟练的捕食者之一。梭鱼最高时速可达47英里。当配上它独一无二又不可预知的猛冲时,对其他鱼是一种灾难,但对钓鱼爱好者来说是一项令人愉快的的运动。虽然它们生活在深海和远洋之中,但是在珊瑚礁自己家里时也是十分安静的。

    In the tropics, snorkeling and diving parties are often warned to keep a sharp eye out for these unfriendly-looking fish. They aren’t in the habit of attacking humans, but they may be aggressive if they feel threatened. While they do hunt among the reefs, more often, they can be found hanging in the midst of a current, looking for all the world as if they’re taking a break. Tending to favor a diverse diet of other pelagic species and squid, they have few natural predators. However, several species of sharks and larger predatory fish find them delicious. One fascinating aspect of the barracuda’s development is that, while most individual specimens tend to slow in growth once they’ve reached about 66 inches in length, their weight is a different matter. Specimens that live in the warmer waters of equatorial oceans and seas tend to be less robust. Weight appears to be dependent upon how cold the water becomes—the heavier specimens living in the chillier northern waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. As well, while they are fully mature at two years of age, researchers believe that they may live to be six years old or more in ideal conditions.

    在热带地区,带装备潜水的朋友们常常要警惕这些不友好的鱼。它们没有攻击人类的习惯,但如果它们感到有危险就会变得很有攻击性。梭鱼在珊瑚礁中捕食时,会隐藏在涌流中,搜寻猎物,但是外表看起来却像正在休息。它们的饮食十分多样,吃深海中的生物和鱿鱼,几乎没有天敌。但是偶尔也会沦为某些鲨鱼和大型食肉鱼的盘中餐。关于梭鱼的成长有一个有趣的事,一旦长到66英寸左右,身长就会减缓生长,但体重的增长就是另一回事了。生活在温暖水域和赤道附近的海洋的梭鱼不太健壮,它们的体重似乎与水温有关。太平洋和大西洋北部寒冷的水域及地中海中的梭鱼较重。梭鱼两岁便成年,研究人员认为它们有六年的寿命,在理想环境下,可能会更长一点。

    2.The Swordfish

    2.旗鱼

    A close relative of marlins, though a separate family and distinct species, the swordfish is hunted both for sport and as an expensive prestige food in many Western cultures. While these fish can be found in temperate24 waters around the world, including the Mediterranean Sea, heavy over harvesting has led protective agencies to place them on a list of endangered species. Indiscriminate harvesting practices have also contributed to depredations25 of other marine26 species not being directly culled—such as sea turtles.

    旗鱼虽是马林鱼的近亲,却分属于不同的家族、截然不同的物种。在西方文化中,旗鱼是垂钓运动的“目标鱼种”及餐桌上彰显主人地位的“上等食物”。它们广泛分布于包括地中海(Mediterranean)地区在内的全球热带、亚热带海域。由于过度捕捞,相关保护机构已将旗鱼列为濒危物种。非选择性的捕捞也间接威胁到了海龟等其他海洋物种。

    However, while stiff fines are often appended to the catching27 of these fish, they still represent a strong draw for sports fishing. They have been recorded as leaping in excess of 50 miles per hour, and swimming steadily28 at speeds as much as 60 miles per hour. Like their much larger friends in the billfish group, they tend to prefer open water, and migrate to warmer climates during the cold season. However, unlike Marlins, they will dive up to 2,000 feet in pursuit of prey29, and their swordlike bill is used more to thrash than to pierce prey. While they once averaged 1,200 pounds in weight, growing up to 14 feet in length—the Pacific variety being the largest of the many locational variants30 of swordfish—years of over fishing has reduced the size of the average catch. They generally weigh no more than 200 pounds at the very best—often less—and are seldom more than six feet long. In addition to human over fishing, they continue to be occasionally hunted by Orcas and sharks. Even large tuna will sometimes prey on the immature31, smaller individuals.

    然而,即使捕捞旗鱼会被处以严厉的罚款,它们仍是垂钓运动中的一大吸睛亮点。据记录显示,它们在水中跳跃的时速可达50英里,游泳时速可保持在60英里。与长嘴鱼族群一样,旗鱼也偏爱开阔的水域,冬季会洄游至气候相对温暖的水域。与马林鱼有所不同的是,它们会对猎物穷追不舍,为了捕猎可跳跃2000英尺。比起用尖长嘴刺穿猎物,它们更爱用此利器把猎物敲死。它们的平均体重可达1200磅,身长达14英尺。在众多旗鱼变种中,属太平洋(Pacific)海域的旗鱼体积最大。当然,多年来的过度垂钓导致平均被捕捞到的旗鱼尺寸大大缩减,体重不到200磅,也鲜有超过6英尺长的。除了人类的捕捞,它们不时会遭到虎鲸和鲨鱼的猎杀。体型硕大的金枪鱼有时也会将它们的幼鱼和个别“小个子”侵吞入腹。

    1.The Marlin

    1.马林鱼

    Although the Blue Marlin, a denizen32 of the Atlantic, may be the most recognizable member of this group of species, there are several that comprise a worldwide population of billfish. Marlins in general are characterized by the elongated33 bill, which they use to spear prey, and a rigid34 or semi-retractable dorsal35 fin6 that may come forward to form a type of sail or crest36. They’re actually closely related to trout37, and may have also presented freshwater or estuary38 species in the past. However, today, the Blue Marlin and the much larger Black Marlin are the two largest groups in the billfish group. The Blue Marlin can grow to nearly seven feet in length and weigh up to 260 pounds. The Black Marlin grows to 16 feet and can weight as much as 1,500 pounds. Both species average a speed of about 68 miles per hour.

    蓝枪鱼(俗称蓝色马林鱼)生活在大西洋(Atlantic)海域,它可能是这片海域的所有物种中最出名的鱼类。它们中的几个已囊括了全世界范围内所有的长嘴鱼品种。马林鱼有着可以刺穿猎物的尖长嘴,背鳍壮硕有力,前行时状如船帆。它们与鳟鱼是近亲,曾经也活跃于淡水域或江河入海口中。蓝枪鱼和体积更大的黑枪鱼可能是目前长嘴鱼族群中最庞大的两大家族。成年蓝枪鱼长度可达7英尺,体重可达260磅。黑枪鱼长度可达16英尺,体重可达1500磅。两大族群的平均游泳时速约为68英里。

    Marlins are surface pelagic fish—meaning that they prefer the open ocean, but stick to the top levels of the water, and rarely dive very far for their prey. Because they also prefer to spawn39 and live in warmer waters, they do seasonally40 migrate from cooler subtropical locations closer to the equator as the seasons turn. Although the species matures relatively41 swiftly, the typical sexual dimorphism—when the male is larger than the female of a species—is reversed. Fully mature females can be as much as three or four times the size of their male counterparts. How much sport fishing and commercial depredations have to do with this phenomenon42 is unclear, though it does appear to be a trend innate43 to the species. Such intense speeds are amazing anywhere, but when you consider that these animals attain44 and maintain these velocities45 in an environment with a density46 far greater than air, it becomes phenomenal. As our technology advances, scientists are able to observe the once-secret behaviors of animals such as the Pilot Whale, diving deep below the surface, and exhibiting behavior no one ever suspected. As well, we are now able to obtain a more accurate idea of how fast species travel beneath the waves, rather than only when they leap above them. Consider this: we know more about other planets in our solar system than we do about our own oceans and the animals that inhabit them. With a better understanding and the help of advanced technology, we will be able to study marine populations as never before, to preserve them and understand them, and well as utilize47 them more responsibly.

    马林鱼是一种浅海鱼,它们更喜欢生活在远洋中。但是它们却喜欢呆在上层水域,也很少为了猎物下潜。它们喜欢在温暖的水域中产卵生活,因此有季节性洄游的习性。冬季从相对寒冷的亚热带水域迁移至赤道附近,来年再游回原处。马林鱼生长迅速,属两性异形鱼,一般来讲,相同品种的雄鱼体积大于雌鱼。但是成年雌马林鱼的体积大概是其配偶的三到四倍。这一现象有多少是由垂钓运动和商业破坏所致还未可知,但这确实是物种自然生长的趋势之一。如此惊人的速度简直秒杀一切,但考虑到它们能在比空气密度更大的环境中达到并保持此等高速,这就略显逆天了。随着人类科技的进步,科学家们能够在深海中观察圆头鲸等动物不为人知的行为举止,并将这些体态展现出来。同时,我们也能获得更为准确的信息,比如生物以多快的速度从海浪下方穿过,而不仅仅是它们越过海浪的那一瞬的速度。请深思以下内容:我们对太阳系的其他星球了解颇多,却对地球上的海洋及海洋生物知之甚少。在科技进步和增进了解的基础上,我们可以对海洋生物达到一个前所未有的认知高度,以更负责的态度去保护、理解并利用它们。

     12级    英文科普 


    点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

    1 clutter [ˈklʌtə(r)] HWoym   第9级
    n.零乱,杂乱;vt.弄乱,把…弄得杂乱
    参考例句:
    • The garage is in such a clutter that we can't find anything. 车库如此凌乱,我们什么也找不到。
    • We'll have to clear up all this clutter. 我们得把这一切凌乱的东西整理清楚。
    2 migration [maɪˈgreɪʃn] mDpxj   第8级
    n.迁移,移居,(鸟类等的)迁徙
    参考例句:
    • Swallows begin their migration south in autumn. 燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
    • He described the vernal migration of birds in detail. 他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。
    3 schooling [ˈsku:lɪŋ] AjAzM6   第7级
    n.教育;正规学校教育
    参考例句:
    • A child's access to schooling varies greatly from area to area. 孩子获得学校教育的机会因地区不同而大相径庭。
    • Backward children need a special kind of schooling. 天赋差的孩子需要特殊的教育。
    4 descended [di'sendid] guQzoy   第7级
    a.为...后裔的,出身于...的
    参考例句:
    • A mood of melancholy descended on us. 一种悲伤的情绪袭上我们的心头。
    • The path descended the hill in a series of zigzags. 小路呈连续的之字形顺着山坡蜿蜒而下。
    5 evolutionary [ˌi:vəˈlu:ʃənri] Ctqz7m   第9级
    adj.进化的;演化的,演变的;[生]进化论的
    参考例句:
    • Life has its own evolutionary process. 生命有其自身的进化过程。
    • These are fascinating questions to be resolved by the evolutionary studies of plants. 这些十分吸引人的问题将在研究植物进化过程中得以解决。
    6 fin [fɪn] qkexO   第10级
    n.鳍;(飞机的)安定翼
    参考例句:
    • They swim using a small fin on their back. 它们用背上的小鳍游动。
    • The aircraft has a long tail fin. 那架飞机有一个长长的尾翼。
    7 variant [ˈveəriənt] GfuzRt   第9级
    adj.不同的,变异的;n.变体,异体
    参考例句:
    • We give professional suggestions according to variant tanning stages for each customer. 我们针对每位顾客不同的日晒阶段,提供强度适合的晒黑建议。
    • In a variant of this approach, the tests are data-driven. 这个方法的一个变种,是数据驱动的测试。
    8 marvel [ˈmɑ:vl] b2xyG   第7级
    vi.(at)惊叹vt.感到惊异;n.令人惊异的事
    参考例句:
    • The robot is a marvel of modern engineering. 机器人是现代工程技术的奇迹。
    • The operation was a marvel of medical skill. 这次手术是医术上的一个奇迹。
    9 mechanism [ˈmekənɪzəm] zCWxr   第7级
    n.机械装置;机构,结构
    参考例句:
    • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body. 骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
    • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated. 这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
    10 predators [p'redətəz] 48b965855934a5395e409c1112d94f63   第9级
    n.食肉动物( predator的名词复数 );奴役他人者(尤指在财务或性关系方面)
    参考例句:
    • birds and their earthbound predators 鸟和地面上捕食它们的动物
    • The eyes of predators are highly sensitive to the slightest movement. 捕食性动物的眼睛能感觉到最细小的动静。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    11 crustaceans [krʌs'teɪʃnz] 37ad1a9eb8e9867969edd084ce8032d5   第12级
    n.甲壳纲动物(如蟹、龙虾)( crustacean的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • These crustaceans provide a valuable food source for some fish. 这些甲壳纲动物是某些鱼类重要的食物来源。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • When the tide ebbs it's a rock pool inhabited by crustaceans. 退潮时,它便成为甲壳动物居住的岩石区潮水潭。 来自辞典例句
    12 tactic [ˈtæktɪk] Yqowc   第8级
    n.战略,策略;adj.战术的,有策略的
    参考例句:
    • Reducing prices is a common sales tactic. 降价是常用的销售策略。
    • She had often used the tactic of threatening to resign. 她惯用以辞职相威胁的手法。
    13 enthusiasts [ɪn'θju:zɪæsts] 7d5827a9c13ecd79a8fd94ebb2537412   第9级
    n.热心人,热衷者( enthusiast的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • A group of enthusiasts have undertaken the reconstruction of a steam locomotive. 一群火车迷已担负起重造蒸汽机车的任务。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • Now a group of enthusiasts are going to have the plane restored. 一群热心人计划修复这架飞机。 来自新概念英语第二册
    14 canny [ˈkæni] nsLzV   第9级
    adj.谨慎的,节俭的
    参考例句:
    • He was far too canny to risk giving himself away. 他非常谨慎,不会冒险暴露自己。
    • But I'm trying to be a little canny about it. 但是我想对此谨慎一些。
    15 maneuvers [məˈnu:vəz] 4f463314799d35346cd7e8662b520abf   第9级
    n.策略,谋略,花招( maneuver的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • He suspected at once that she had been spying upon his maneuvers. 他立刻猜想到,她已经侦察到他的行动。 来自辞典例句
    • Maneuvers in Guizhou occupied the Reds for four months. 贵州境内的作战占了红军四个月的时间。 来自辞典例句
    16 proficient [prəˈfɪʃnt] Q1EzU   第9级
    adj.熟练的,精通的;n.能手,专家
    参考例句:
    • She is proficient at swimming. 她精通游泳。
    • I think I'm quite proficient in both written and spoken English. 我认为我在英语读写方面相当熟练。
    17 distinctive [dɪˈstɪŋktɪv] Es5xr   第8级
    adj.特别的,有特色的,与众不同的
    参考例句:
    • She has a very distinctive way of walking. 她走路的样子与别人很不相同。
    • This bird has several distinctive features. 这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。
    18 darting [dɑ:tɪŋ] darting   第8级
    v.投掷,投射( dart的现在分词 );向前冲,飞奔
    参考例句:
    • Swallows were darting through the clouds. 燕子穿云急飞。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
    • Swallows were darting through the air. 燕子在空中掠过。 来自辞典例句
    19 delightful [dɪˈlaɪtfl] 6xzxT   第8级
    adj.令人高兴的,使人快乐的
    参考例句:
    • We had a delightful time by the seashore last Sunday. 上星期天我们在海滨玩得真痛快。
    • Peter played a delightful melody on his flute. 彼得用笛子吹奏了一支欢快的曲子。
    20 specimens [ˈspesimənz] 91fc365099a256001af897127174fcce   第7级
    n.样品( specimen的名词复数 );范例;(化验的)抽样;某种类型的人
    参考例句:
    • Astronauts have brought back specimens of rock from the moon. 宇航员从月球带回了岩石标本。
    • The traveler brought back some specimens of the rocks from the mountains. 那位旅行者从山上带回了一些岩石标本。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    21 robust [rəʊˈbʌst] FXvx7   第7级
    adj.强壮的,强健的,粗野的,需要体力的,浓的
    参考例句:
    • She is too tall and robust. 她个子太高,身体太壮。
    • China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses, AP commented. 美联社评论道,中国希望保持经济强势增长,以减少贫困和失业状况。
    22 chillier [ˈtʃɪli:ə] 2bc13f9b43b40092254e4e3f2d51a14b   第7级
    adj.寒冷的,冷得难受的( chilly的比较级 )
    参考例句:
    • Something colder and chillier confronted him. 他正面临着某种更加寒冷、更加凄凉的东西。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
    23 Mediterranean [ˌmedɪtəˈreɪniən] ezuzT   第7级
    adj.地中海的;地中海沿岸的
    参考例句:
    • The houses are Mediterranean in character. 这些房子都属地中海风格。
    • Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean. 直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。
    24 temperate [ˈtempərət] tIhzd   第8级
    adj.温和的,温带的,自我克制的,不过分的
    参考例句:
    • Asia extends across the frigid, temperate and tropical zones. 亚洲地跨寒、温、热三带。
    • Great Britain has a temperate climate. 英国气候温和。
    25 depredations [ˌdeprɪˈdeɪʃənz] 4f01882be2e81bff9ad88e891b8e5847   第11级
    n.劫掠,毁坏( depredation的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • Protect the nation's resources against the depredations of other countries. 保护国家资源,不容他人染指。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
    • Hitler's early'successes\" were only the startling depredations of a resolute felon. 希特勒的早期“胜利”,只不过是一个死心塌地的恶棍出人意料地抢掠得手而已。 来自辞典例句
    26 marine [məˈri:n] 77Izo   第7级
    adj.海的;海生的;航海的;海事的;n.水兵
    参考例句:
    • Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
    • When the war broke out, he volunteered for the Marine Corps. 战争爆发时,他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
    27 catching [ˈkætʃɪŋ] cwVztY   第8级
    adj.易传染的,有魅力的,迷人的,接住
    参考例句:
    • There are those who think eczema is catching. 有人就是认为湿疹会传染。
    • Enthusiasm is very catching. 热情非常富有感染力。
    28 steadily ['stedɪlɪ] Qukw6   第7级
    adv.稳定地;不变地;持续地
    参考例句:
    • The scope of man's use of natural resources will steadily grow. 人类利用自然资源的广度将日益扩大。
    • Our educational reform was steadily led onto the correct path. 我们的教学改革慢慢上轨道了。
    29 prey [preɪ] g1czH   第7级
    n.被掠食者,牺牲者,掠食;vi.捕食,掠夺,折磨
    参考例句:
    • Stronger animals prey on weaker ones. 弱肉强食。
    • The lion was hunting for its prey. 狮子在寻找猎物。
    30 variants [ˈveəri:ənts] 796e0e5ff8114b13b2e23cde9d3c6904   第9级
    n.变体( variant的名词复数 );变种;变型;(词等的)变体
    参考例句:
    • Those variants will be preserved in the'struggle for existence". 这些变异将在“生存竞争”中被保留下来。 来自辞典例句
    • Like organisms, viruses have variants, generally called strains. 与其他生物一样,病毒也有变种,一般称之为株系。 来自辞典例句
    31 immature [ˌɪməˈtjʊə(r)] Saaxj   第8级
    adj.未成熟的,发育未全的,未充分发展的
    参考例句:
    • Tony seemed very shallow and immature. 托尼看起来好像很肤浅,不夠成熟。
    • The birds were in immature plumage. 这些鸟儿羽翅未全。
    32 denizen [ˈdenɪzn] G9lya   第9级
    n.居民,外籍居民
    参考例句:
    • In this country children of denizen go to school free. 在这个国家外籍居民的孩子免费上学。
    • His greatest danger now lie in the unknown denizen of the water. 现在他最大的危险是未知的水中居住者。
    33 elongated [ˈi:lɒŋgeɪtɪd] 6a3aeff7c3bf903f4176b42850937718   第10级
    v.延长,加长( elongate的过去式和过去分词 )
    参考例句:
    • Modigliani's women have strangely elongated faces. 莫迪里阿尼画中的妇女都长着奇长无比的脸。
    • A piece of rubber can be elongated by streching. 一块橡皮可以拉长。 来自《用法词典》
    34 rigid [ˈrɪdʒɪd] jDPyf   第7级
    adj.严格的,死板的;刚硬的,僵硬的
    参考例句:
    • She became as rigid as adamant. 她变得如顽石般的固执。
    • The examination was so rigid that nearly all aspirants were ruled out. 考试很严,几乎所有的考生都被淘汰了。
    35 dorsal [ˈdɔ:sl] rmEyC   第11级
    adj.背部的,背脊的
    参考例句:
    • His dorsal fin was down and his huge pectorals were spread wide. 它的脊鳍朝下耷拉着,巨大的胸鳍大张着。
    • The shark's dorsal fin was cut off by the fisherman. 鲨鱼的背鳍被渔夫割了下来。
    36 crest [krest] raqyA   第9级
    n.顶点;饰章;羽冠;vt.达到顶点;vi.形成浪尖
    参考例句:
    • The rooster bristled his crest. 公鸡竖起了鸡冠。
    • He reached the crest of the hill before dawn. 他于黎明前到达山顶。
    37 trout [traʊt] PKDzs   第9级
    n.鳟鱼;鲑鱼(属)
    参考例句:
    • Thousands of young salmon and trout have been killed by the pollution. 成千上万的鲑鱼和鳟鱼的鱼苗因污染而死亡。
    • We hooked a trout and had it for breakfast. 我们钓了一条鳟鱼,早饭时吃了。
    38 estuary [ˈestʃuəri] ynuxs   第10级
    n.河口,江口
    参考例句:
    • We live near the Thames estuary. 我们的住处靠近泰晤士河入海口。
    • The ship has touched bottom. The estuary must be shallower than we thought. 船搁浅了。这河口的水比我们想像的要浅。
    39 spawn [spɔ:n] qFUzL   第9级
    n.卵,产物,后代,结果;vt.产卵,种菌丝于,产生,造成;vi.产卵,大量生产
    参考例句:
    • The fish were madly pushing their way upstream to spawn. 鱼群为产卵而疯狂地向上游挤进。
    • These fish will lay spawn in about one month from now. 这些鱼大约一个月内会产卵。
    40 seasonally [] ljbzVh   第8级
    参考例句:
    • The price of vegetables fluctuates seasonally. 蔬菜的价格随季节变动。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • They moved seasonally among various vegetation types to feed on plants that were flourishing. 它们还随着季节的变化而在各种类型植物之间迁移,以便吃那些茂盛的植物。 来自辞典例句
    41 relatively [ˈrelətɪvli] bkqzS3   第8级
    adv.比较...地,相对地
    参考例句:
    • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia. 兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
    • The operation was relatively painless. 手术相对来说不痛。
    42 phenomenon [fəˈnɒmɪnən] DNQxo   第8级
    n.现象,特殊的人,特殊的事物,奇迹
    参考例句:
    • Beethoven was a phenomenon among many musicians. 贝多芬是众多的音乐家中的天才。
    • How do you explain this phenomenon? 这种现象怎样解释?
    43 innate [ɪˈneɪt] xbxzC   第7级
    adj.天生的,固有的,天赋的
    参考例句:
    • You obviously have an innate talent for music. 你显然有天生的音乐才能。
    • Correct ideas are not innate in the mind. 人的正确思想不是自己头脑中固有的。
    44 attain [əˈteɪn] HvYzX   第7级
    vt.达到,获得,完成
    参考例句:
    • I used the scientific method to attain this end. 我用科学的方法来达到这一目的。
    • His painstaking to attain his goal in life is praiseworthy. 他为实现人生目标所下的苦功是值得称赞的。
    45 velocities [viˈlɔsitiz] 64d80206fdcbbf917808c5b00e0a8ff5   第7级
    n.速度( velocity的名词复数 );高速,快速
    参考例句:
    • In experimenting we find out that sound travels with different velocities through different substances. 在实验中,我们发现声音以不同的速度通过不同的物质而传播。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
    • A gas in thermal equilibrium has particles of all velocities. 处于热平衡的气体,其粒子有一切速度。 来自辞典例句
    46 density [ˈdensəti] rOdzZ   第7级
    n.密集,密度,浓度
    参考例句:
    • The population density of that country is 685 per square mile. 那个国家的人口密度为每平方英里685人。
    • The region has a very high population density. 该地区的人口密度很高。
    47 utilize [ˈju:təlaɪz] OiPwz   第8级
    vt.使用,利用
    参考例句:
    • The cook will utilize the leftover ham bone to make soup. 厨师要用吃剩的猪腿骨做汤。
    • You must utilize all available resources. 你必须利用一切可以得到的资源。

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