Have you ever met someone who just wasn't into music? They may have a condition called specific musical anhedonia, which affects three-to-five percent of the population.
你有没有遇到过一些人,他们就是不喜欢音乐?他们或许患有一种被称作特异性音乐快感缺乏症的疾病,这样的人在全球总人口中占3%到5%。
Researchers at the University of Barcelona (Spain) and the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital of McGill University (Canada) have discovered that people with this condition showed reduced functional1 connectivity between cortical regions responsible for processing sound and subcortical regions related to reward.
来自西班牙巴塞罗那大学、加拿大蒙特利尔神经学研究所和麦基尔大学医院的研究人员发现,患这种病的人,他们负责处理声音的脑皮层区域与处理奖赏的皮层下区域之间的连通性较弱。
To understand the origins of specific musical anhedonia, researchers recruited 45 healthy participants who completed a questionnaire measuring their level of sensitivity to music and divided them into three groups of sensitivity based on their responses.
为了理解这种特异性音乐快感缺乏症的根源,研究人员招募了45位健康人士完成了一份测试其对音乐敏感度的问卷,并根据测试结果将他们分成了三组。
The test subjects then listened to music excerpts2 inside an fMRI machine while providing pleasure ratings in real-time. To control for their brain response to other reward types, participants also played a monetary3 gambling4 task in which they could win or lose real money.
随后,接受测试的人会在功能性磁共振成像机内聆听一段音乐,并实时提供快乐评级。为了控制在其他奖励类型时大脑的反应,参与者还用真钱玩起了赌博。
Using the fMRI data, the researchers found that while listening to music, specific musical anhedonics presented a reduction in the activity of the nucleus5 accumbens, a key subcortical structure of the reward network.
研究人员分析功能性磁共振成像数据发现,特异性音乐快感缺乏症患者听音乐时,奖赏系统的关键皮层下结构伏隔核的活动较弱。
The reduction was not related to a general improper6 functioning of the nucleus accumbens itself, since this region was activated7 when they won money in the gambling task.
这种减弱并不意味着伏隔核本身功能失常,因为当这些患者在赌博中赢钱时,该区域就会被激活。
Specific musical anhedonics, however, did show reduced functional connectivity between cortical regions associated with auditory processing and the nucleus accumbens. In contrast, individuals with high sensitivity to music showed enhanced connectivity.
不过,特异性音乐快感缺乏症患者处理声音的皮层区域与伏隔核的连通性却减弱了。相比之下,对音乐高度敏感的人二者之间的连通性增强了。
The fact that subjects could be insensible to music while still responsive to another stimulus8 like money suggests different pathways to reward for different stimuli9.
研究参与者对音乐麻木,却对金钱等其他刺激物产生反应,这说明针对不同刺激物,奖赏通路不同。
This finding may pave the way for the detailed10 study of the neural11 substrates underlying12 other domain-specific anhedonias and, from an evolutionary13 perspective, help us to understand how music acquired reward value.
这一发现或许能为详细研究其他快感缺乏症的神经学机制打下基础,且能从革命性视角帮助我们理解音乐是如何获得奖赏价值的。
Lack of brain connectivity has been shown to be responsible for other deficits14 in cognitive15 ability.
研究发现,大脑连通性缺失也与认知能力的其他缺陷相关。
Studies of children with autism spectrum16 disorder17, for example, have shown that their inability to experience the human voice as pleasurable may be explained by a reduced coupling between the bilateral18 posterior superior temporal sulcus and distributed nodes of the reward system, including the nucleus accumbens.
比如,针对泛自闭症障碍儿童开展的研究显示,他们之所以不能从人类的声音中体会快乐,可能是因为后颞上沟与伏隔核等奖赏系统的分布式节点连通不足。
"These findings not only help us to understand individual variability in the way the reward system functions, but also can be applied19 to the development of therapies for treatment of reward-related disorders20, including apathy21, depression, and addiction," says Robert Zatorre, a Montreal Neurological Institute neuroscientist and one of the paper's co-authors.
该研究论文的作者之一、蒙特利尔神经学研究所的神经学家罗伯特·扎托雷说:“这些研究成果不仅帮助我们理解奖赏系统运行方式的个体差异,还可用于开发治疗冷漠、抑郁和成瘾等与奖赏有关疾病的方法。”
1 functional [ˈfʌŋkʃənl] 第8级 | |
adj.为实用而设计的,具备功能的,起作用的 | |
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2 excerpts ['eksɜ:pt] 第7级 | |
n.摘录,摘要( excerpt的名词复数 );节选(音乐,电影)片段 | |
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3 monetary [ˈmʌnɪtri] 第7级 | |
adj.货币的,钱的;通货的;金融的;财政的 | |
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4 gambling [ˈgæmblɪŋ] 第7级 | |
n.赌博;投机 | |
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5 nucleus [ˈnju:kliəs] 第7级 | |
n.核,核心,原子核 | |
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6 improper [ɪmˈprɒpə(r)] 第8级 | |
adj.不适当的,不合适的,不正确的,不合礼仪的 | |
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7 activated ['æktɪveɪtɪd] 第7级 | |
adj. 激活的 动词activate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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8 stimulus [ˈstɪmjələs] 第8级 | |
n.刺激,刺激物,促进因素,引起兴奋的事物 | |
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9 stimuli [ˈstɪmjəlaɪ] 第11级 | |
n.刺激(物) | |
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10 detailed [ˈdi:teɪld] 第8级 | |
adj.详细的,详尽的,极注意细节的,完全的 | |
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11 neural [ˈnjʊərəl] 第10级 | |
adj.神经的,神经系统的 | |
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12 underlying [ˌʌndəˈlaɪɪŋ] 第7级 | |
adj.在下面的,含蓄的,潜在的 | |
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13 evolutionary [ˌi:vəˈlu:ʃənri] 第9级 | |
adj.进化的;演化的,演变的;[生]进化论的 | |
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14 deficits [ˈdefisits] 第7级 | |
n.不足额( deficit的名词复数 );赤字;亏空;亏损 | |
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15 cognitive [ˈkɒgnətɪv] 第7级 | |
adj.认知的,认识的,有感知的 | |
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16 spectrum [ˈspektrəm] 第7级 | |
n.谱,光谱,频谱;范围,幅度,系列 | |
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17 disorder [dɪsˈɔ:də(r)] 第7级 | |
n.紊乱,混乱;骚动,骚乱;疾病,失调 | |
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18 bilateral [ˌbaɪˈlætərəl] 第9级 | |
adj.双方的,两边的,两侧的 | |
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19 applied [əˈplaɪd] 第8级 | |
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用 | |
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