Don't go swimming while wearing sunscreen - unless you want cancer.

除非你想得癌症，不然千万别涂着防晒霜去游泳！

A compound used in the protective lotions¹ turns toxic² when it reacts with chlorine and ultraviolet rays, researchers found.

研究人员发现，一种存在于防晒霜中的化合物在与氯和紫外线发生反应时，会变成有毒物质。

Avobenzone is considered the most popular sun-blocker in the world due to its ability to absorb sunlight at different wave lengths - preventing skin damage.

阿伏苯宗是世界上最流行的防晒物质，它能吸收不同波长的阳光以防止皮肤受损。

But Russian scientists suggest the UV-filtering compound forms cancer-causing toxins³ when exposed to a mixture of sun and chlorinated water.

但是俄罗斯科学家指出，这种能够滤除紫外线的化合物与阳光和含氯的水共同作用，会形成致癌毒素。

Aldehydes, phenols and chlorinated acetyl benzenes were created in experiments simulating swimmers wearing sunscreen.

他们在模拟涂抹防晒霜游泳的实验中，发现反应生成了醛、苯酚和氯化乙酰苯。

The latter two are considered extremely toxic and are strongly linked to deadly tumours⁴ and infertility⁵, Lomonosov Moscow State University experts say.

莫斯科国立大学的专家说，后两种物质有剧毒，会导致致命肿瘤和不孕症。

While a study earlier this year hinted that aldehydes can raise the risk of cancer as they interfere⁶ with the body's natural repair mechanism⁷.

并且今年早些时候的一项研究表明，醛类物质会增加患癌症的风险，因为它们会干扰人体的自然修复机制。

Lead author Dr Albert Lebedev said: 'On the basis of the experiments one could make a conclusion that a generally safe compound transforms in the water and forms more dangerous products.

该研究的主要作者阿尔伯特?列别捷夫博士说：“基于实验我们可以得出以下结论：一般状态下安全的化合物会在水中产生变化，生成更具危险性的物质。”

'In spite of the fact that there are no precise toxicological profiles for the most established products, it's known that acetyl benzenes and phenols, especially chlorinated ones, are quite toxic.

“尽管还没有对现有防晒产品建立确切的毒理学档案，但我们已经知道乙酰苯和苯酚，尤其是在氯化之后，毒性相当大。”

'Studying the products of transformation⁸ of any popular cosmetics⁹ is very important as very often they turn out to be much more toxic and dangerous than their predecessors¹⁰.

“研究任何流行化妆品的转化产物都是很重要的，因为这些产物的毒性和危险性往往都超过原来的物质。”

'In principle, basing on such researches, one could obtain results, which could restrict or even put under a ban the usage of one or another product and preserve the health of millions of people.'

“原则上来说，我们上述的研究，可能会导致人们限制甚至禁用某种或者某些产品，来保护数百万人的健康。”

The researchers used a scanning technique called chromatomass spectrometry to make their findings, published in Chemosphere.

发表于《臭氧层》杂志上的报告称，研究人员使用了一种名为色谱-质谱测定法的扫描技术进行实验。

This technique, on laboratory cells, allows precise analysis of the most complex mixtures of chemical compounds.

应用这种技术，研究人员可以利用实验室细胞精确分析最复杂的化学混合物。

For the study, they simulated the real situation when a sunscreen, applied¹¹ on the skin of a swimmer, comes into contact with pool water.

在这项研究中，他们模拟了游泳者在涂上了防晒霜后，与泳池水接触的真实情况。

The breakdown¹² of avobenzone may take place right on the wet human skin, on which a sunscreen is spread.

阿伏苯宗可能就直接在涂了防晒霜的那块儿浸湿的皮肤上发生分解。

Sunscreen containing avobenzone are known to be applied by millions of people all over the world.

世界上数百万人口都在使用含阿伏苯宗的防晒霜。

Chemical UV filters like avobenzone absorb ultraviolet light due to the peculiarities¹³ of their structures. The substance in itself is safe.

诸如阿伏苯宗的一些化学防晒物质，以其结构特性吸收紫外线，它们本身是安全的。

As well as being common in sunscreen, they are also used in some personal care products, such as makeup¹⁴, moisturisers and lip balms.

除了在防晒霜中很常见，它们还用于一些个人护理产品中，如化妆品、润肤乳和唇膏。

The researchers are now studying how avobenzone breaks down under conditions of chlorination and bromination of fresh and sea water.

研究人员目前正在研究阿伏苯宗是如何在淡水和海水的氯化和溴化条件下进行分解的。

During chlorination or bromination of sea water the number of the breakdown products of avobenzone will be even wider.

在海水的氯化或溴化过程中，阿伏苯宗分解产物的数量将会更大。

And if water contains copper¹⁵ salts - which are added into many swimming pools for getting nice light-blue colour - then bromoform is formed in large quantities.

许多游泳池为了将水变成漂亮的浅蓝色都添加了铜盐，如果水中含有这种盐，便会反应生成数量巨大的溴仿（三溴甲烷）。

This substance could provoke dysfunctions of liver and kidneys - along with nervous system disorder¹⁶, the experts implied.

专家认为，这种物质或能引发肝脏和肾脏功能的失调，同时伴随着神经系统的紊乱。