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什么决定了人的音乐品味?
添加时间:2018-01-14 19:35:57 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • What determines people's taste in music?

    什么决定了人的音乐品味?

    来自哥伦比亚大学音乐理论本科主任Mariusz Kozak的回答:

    OUR PREFERENCE FOR THIS OR THAT KIND OF MUSIC IS obviously a deeply subjective1 matter. It can also be highly unstable2, changing not only during a lifetime, but even on a scale of months, or even days. Yet despite such variety, there are three factors that I think are the main contributors.

    我们对这种或那种音乐的偏好显然是很主观的一件事,变数也很大,不仅在人的一生中会发生变化,甚至在几个月、几天内都会发生变化。然而尽管有这些变数,我认为有三个因素主要决定了我们的音乐品味。

    The first is our upbringing, or the musical background which surrounded us in our formative years.

    首先就是我们的教养,或我们性格形成期周围的音乐背景。

    The kinds of music that we were exposed to as infants and toddlers helped to create very specific mental patterns—schemata—of the most typical melodic3, harmonic, and rhythmic4 progressions.

    我们婴幼儿时期所接触的音乐类型帮助我们形成了非常特殊的心理模式——图示,它是最典型的有旋律的、协调的、有节奏的过程。

    These schemata serve to create expectations when we listen to music, and, as it turns out, we tend to experience greatest pleasure when those expectations are met.

    听音乐时图示使我们有期待,结果就是这些期待得到满足时我们会感受到最大的快乐。

    However, even the most stable musical schemata can be overridden5 by socio-cultural concerns, and these constitute the second contribution to our musical preferences.

    然而,甚至最稳定的音乐模式也会被社会文化改变,这就二次形成了我们的音乐偏好。

    Music, likely from the very beginning of the existence of modern humans, has been used to bring people together in various kinds of activities, because it is really efficient at regulating bodily and emotional responses of large groups of participants.

    可能从现代人类存在开始音乐就被用来把人们聚集到各种活动中,因为音乐真的能很有效的调控一大群参与者身体与精神的反应。

    Thus, it has served to create a sense of belonging, of group cohesion6, of inclusion. The same mechanism7 applies today, where music brings listeners together in different activities.

    因此,音乐被用来创造归属感、群体凝聚力和被包容的感觉,这一技巧现在也适用,音乐把听众聚在不同活动中。

    Whether you’re into heavy metal, or hip hop8, or jazz, your preferences are guided in part by your desire to be a member of some social circle.

    无论你是喜欢重金属、嘻哈还是爵士乐,你的喜好中有一部分是受你想融入某个社会群体的愿望所驱使的。

    These two factors seem to paint a rather mechanical picture of musical preferences, but this is obviously not the case.

    以上两个因素看起来对你的音乐偏好有着无意识的影响,但显然并非如此。

    Nothing is likely to be more important than our own subjective feeling at the time of listening, and this is something that draws on a very complex and irreducible network of biological and cultural influences.

    听音乐时好像没有什么比我们的主观感觉更重要的了,这涉及到非常复杂又不受制约的生物学和文化的网状影响。

    Especially today, with nearly unlimited9 access to all genres10 and styles of music, we use music as a tool for regulating or maintaining our emotions, and our moods.

    尤其是现在,我们几乎不受任何限制,能接触到所有音乐流派和风格,我们把音乐作为一种管理或维持情绪和心情的工具。

    This is why when you want to study you might reach for something unobtrusive, without words. Or when you’re trying to relax before bed you’ll probably listen to something calm. All of these point to the fantastic flexibility11 of music in our lives.

    这就是为什么在你想学习时会选择不耗费精力的没有歌词的音乐,或者睡前想要放松时会听安静的音乐。

    But deep down it’s all about what the music does to you, how it affects you emotionally, bodily and cognitively12.

    这都是因为我们生活中能对音乐灵活选择,但归根结底是看音乐对你做了什么,它是如何影响你的情绪、身体和认知的。

     10级    双语 


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    1 subjective [səbˈdʒektɪv] mtOwP   第7级
    a.主观(上)的,个人的
    参考例句:
    • The way they interpreted their past was highly subjective. 他们解释其过去的方式太主观。
    • A literary critic should not be too subjective in his approach. 文学评论家的看法不应太主观。
    2 unstable [ʌnˈsteɪbl] Ijgwa   第8级
    adj.不稳定的,易变的
    参考例句:
    • This bookcase is too unstable to hold so many books. 这书橱很不结实,装不了这么多书。
    • The patient's condition was unstable. 那患者的病情不稳定。
    3 melodic [məˈlɒdɪk] WorzFW   第12级
    adj.有旋律的,调子美妙的
    参考例句:
    • His voice had a rich melodic quality. 他的音色浑厚而优美。
    • He spoke with a soft husky voice in a melodic accent. 他微微沙哑的声音带着一种悠扬的口音。
    4 rhythmic [ˈrɪðmɪk] rXexv   第9级
    adj.有节奏的,有韵律的
    参考例句:
    • Her breathing became more rhythmic. 她的呼吸变得更有规律了。
    • Good breathing is slow, rhythmic and deep. 健康的呼吸方式缓慢深沉而有节奏。
    5 overridden [ˌəʊvə'rɪdn] 3ea029046b4ce545504601a0be429279   第9级
    越控( override的过去分词 ); (以权力)否决; 优先于; 比…更重要
    参考例句:
    • The chairman's veto was overridden by the committee. 主席的否决被委员会推翻了。
    • Property '{0}' is not declarable, and cannot be overridden. 属性“{0}”是不可声明的,不能被重写。
    6 cohesion [kəʊˈhi:ʒn] dbzyA   第9级
    n.团结,凝结力
    参考例句:
    • I had to bring some cohesion into the company. 我得使整个公司恢复凝聚力。
    • The power of culture is deeply rooted in the vitality, creativity and cohesion of a nation. 文化的力量,深深熔铸在民族的生命力、创造力和凝聚力之中。
    7 mechanism [ˈmekənɪzəm] zCWxr   第7级
    n.机械装置;机构,结构
    参考例句:
    • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body. 骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
    • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated. 这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
    8 hop [hɒp] vdJzL   第7级
    n.单脚跳,跳跃;vi.单脚跳,跳跃;着手做某事;vt.跳跃,跃过
    参考例句:
    • The children had a competition to see who could hop the fastest. 孩子们举行比赛,看谁单足跳跃最快。
    • How long can you hop on your right foot? 你用右脚能跳多远?
    9 unlimited [ʌnˈlɪmɪtɪd] MKbzB   第8级
    adj.无限的,不受控制的,无条件的
    参考例句:
    • They flew over the unlimited reaches of the Arctic. 他们飞过了茫茫无边的北极上空。
    • There is no safety in unlimited technological hubris. 在技术方面自以为是会很危险。
    10 genres ['ʒɑ:nrəz] f90f211700b6afeaafe2f8016ddfad3d   第9级
    (文学、艺术等的)类型,体裁,风格( genre的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • Novel and short story are different genres. 长篇小说和短篇小说是不同的类别。
    • But confusions over the two genres have a long history. 但是类型的混淆,古已有之。 来自汉英文学 - 散文英译
    11 flexibility [ˌfleksə'bɪlətɪ] vjPxb   第8级
    n.柔韧性,弹性,(光的)折射性,灵活性
    参考例句:
    • Her great strength lies in her flexibility. 她的优势在于她灵活变通。
    • The flexibility of a man's muscles will lessen as he becomes old. 人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。
    12 cognitively [] d28af4705de1f9218cb8ba1d5bdf8372   第7级
    参考例句:
    • Cognitively,man,the subject of cognition,must classify and categorize the objects. 从认知学角度来看 ,作为认知主体的人对于认知对象必须进行分类和范畴化。 来自互联网
    • Cognitively, reference can be studied along with information processing of human mind. 从认知的角度看,要研究人类思维的信息处理过程。 来自互联网

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