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选择性记忆代表智商更高
添加时间:2018-04-06 19:55:52 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • You can relax if remembering everything is not your strong suit. Recent research makes the case that being forgetful can be a strength — in fact, selective memory can even be a sign of stronger intelligence.

    如果事事牢记不是你的强项,你可以放心了。最新研究表明,健忘可能是个优点。事实上,选择性记忆甚至可能表明智商更高。

    Traditional research on memory has focused on the advantages of remembering everything. But looking through years of recent memory data, researchers Paul Frankland and Blake Richards of the University of Toronto found that the neurobiology of forgetting can be just as important to our decision-making as what our minds choose to remember.

    传统上有关记忆的研究一直专注于牢记不忘的优势。但是,通过最近几年统计的记忆数据,加拿大多伦多大学的研究人员保罗•弗兰克兰和布莱克•理查兹发现,就决策而言,与遗忘有关的神经生物学同大脑选择牢记不忘同等重要。

    “The goal of memory is not the transmission of information through time, per se. Rather, the goal of memory is to optimize1 decision-making. As such, transience is as important as persistence2 in mnemonic systems,” their study in Neuron states.

    他们发表在《神经元》期刊上的研究论文指出:“记忆的目的本质上不是随着时间流逝传递信息。相反,记忆的目的是优化决策。因此,记忆系统的短暂性与持久性一样重要。”

    Making intelligent decisions does not mean you need to have all the information at hand, it just means you need to hold onto the most valuable information. And that means clearing up space in your memory palace for the most up-to-date information on clients and situations. Our brains do this by generating new neurons in our hippocampus, which have the power to overwrite existing memories that are influencing our decision-making.

    理性决策并不意味着你需要随时掌握所有信息,它仅仅意味着你需要紧紧抓住最有价值的信息。这意味着要在记忆宫殿中为最新的客户和情景信息清理出空间。大脑通过产生新的海马体神经元完成清理,海马体能够改写影响人们决策的现有记忆。

    “If you’re trying to navigate3 the world and your brain is constantly bringing up multiple conflicting memories, that makes it harder for you to make an informed decision,” Richards told Science Daily.

    理查兹告诉《每日科学》的记者:“如果你试图应对复杂情况,而你的大脑不停地记起多种互相矛盾的记忆,那会让你难以做出明智的决策。”

    If you want to increase the number of new neurons in our brain’s learning region, try exercising. Moderate aerobic4 exercise like jogging, power walking, and swimming have been found to increase the number of neurons making important connections in our brains.

    如果你想增加大脑学习区域的新神经元数量,可以尝试锻炼。研究发现,诸如慢跑、健步行走和游泳这类适度的有氧锻炼可以增加大脑内部重要连接区域的神经元数量。

    When we forget the names of certain clients and details about old jobs, our brain is making a choice that these details do not matter. Although too much forgetfulness can be a cause for concern, the occasional lost detail can be a sign of a perfectly5 healthy memory system. The researchers found that our brains facilitate decision-making by stopping us from focusing too much on minor6 past details. Instead, the brain promotes generalization7, helping8 us remember the most important gist9 of a conversation.

    如果人们忘记了某些客户的姓名和原先岗位的细节,那是大脑在进行选择,认为这些细节无关紧要。虽然严重健忘可能令人担忧,但是偶尔忘记枝节小事可能表明记忆系统非常健康。研究人员发现人们的大脑通过阻止人过多关注以往的细枝末节来加强决策能力。大脑通过促进归纳来帮助人们记住最重要的谈话要点。

    “One of the things that distinguishes an environment where you’re going to want to remember stuff versus10 an environment where you want to forget stuff is this question of how consistent the environment is and how likely things are to come back into your life,” Richards said.

    理查兹说:“区分究竟该记住还是该遗忘的要素之一就是:相关情景的一致程度如何及其在生活中再现的可能性有多大。”

    If you’re an analyst11 who meets with a client weekly, your brain will recognize that this is a client whose name and story you need to remember. If this is someone you may never meet again, your brain will weigh that information accordingly.

    如果你是个分析师,与一名客户每周见一次,你的大脑会判断出这个客户的姓名和经历必须记住。如果是一个你也许再也不会见到的人,你的大脑会相应地权衡这个信息。

    We can get critiqued for being absent-minded when we forget past events in perfect detail. These findings show us that total recall can be overrated. Our brains are working smarter when they aim to remember the right stories, not every story.

    如果你忘记了老客户的具体信息,可能会受到批评,说你心不在焉。这些研究结果表明完整记忆的重要性可能被过分夸大了。人类的大脑非常聪明,它们只记住该记住的内容,而不是所有内容。

     10级    英文科普 


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    1 optimize [ˈɒptɪmaɪz] WIoxY   第9级
    vt.使优化 [=optimise];vi.优化;持乐观态度
    参考例句:
    • We should optimize the composition of the Standing Committees. 优化人大常委会组成人员的结构。
    • We should optimize our import mix and focus on bringing in advanced technology and key equipment. 优化进口结构,着重引进先进技术和关键设备。
    2 persistence [pəˈsɪstəns] hSLzh   第8级
    n.坚持,持续,存留
    参考例句:
    • The persistence of a cough in his daughter puzzled him. 他女儿持续的咳嗽把他难住了。
    • He achieved success through dogged persistence. 他靠着坚持不懈取得了成功。
    3 navigate [ˈnævɪgeɪt] 4Gyxu   第9级
    vi.航行,飞行;导航,领航;vt.驾驶,操纵;使通过;航行于
    参考例句:
    • He was the first man to navigate the Atlantic by air. 他是第一个飞越大西洋的人。
    • Such boats can navigate on the Nile. 这种船可以在尼罗河上航行。
    4 aerobic [eəˈrəʊbɪk] BN8zn   第11级
    adj.需氧的,增氧健身法的,有氧的
    参考例句:
    • Aerobic exercise helps to build up stamina. 有氧健身操有助于增强耐力。
    • Aerobic dance is conductive to the health. 有氧舞蹈有助于健康。
    5 perfectly [ˈpɜ:fɪktli] 8Mzxb   第8级
    adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地
    参考例句:
    • The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said. 证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
    • Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board. 我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。
    6 minor [ˈmaɪnə(r)] e7fzR   第7级
    adj.较小(少)的,较次要的;n.辅修学科;vi.辅修
    参考例句:
    • The young actor was given a minor part in the new play. 年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
    • I gave him a minor share of my wealth. 我把小部分财产给了他。
    7 generalization [ˌdʒenrəlaɪˈzeɪʃn] 6g4xv   第8级
    n.普遍性,一般性,概括
    参考例句:
    • This sweeping generalization is the law of conservation of energy. 这一透彻的概括就是能量守恒定律。
    • The evaluation of conduct involves some amount of generalization. 对操行的评价会含有一些泛泛之论。
    8 helping [ˈhelpɪŋ] 2rGzDc   第7级
    n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
    参考例句:
    • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
    • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来,他们在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
    9 gist [dʒɪst] y6ayC   第10级
    n.要旨;梗概
    参考例句:
    • Can you give me the gist of this report? 你能告诉我这个报告的要点吗?
    • He is quick in grasping the gist of a book. 他敏于了解书的要点。
    10 versus [ˈvɜ:səs] wi7wU   第7级
    prep.以…为对手,对;与…相比之下
    参考例句:
    • The big match tonight is England versus Spain. 今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
    • The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale. 最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。
    11 analyst [ˈænəlɪst] gw7zn   第9级
    n.分析家,化验员;心理分析学家
    参考例句:
    • What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst? 你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务?
    • The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards. 分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

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