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巧克力还是芝士?科学揭秘人类到底更喜欢哪一个
添加时间:2018-07-09 08:12:22 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • When it comes to a choice between sweet or savoury, it's often a case of chocolate or cheese. And according to a US study, humans will choose carbohydrate1-rich chocolate over cheese when the option is presented.

    涉及甜还是咸的选择时,通常面临的都是巧克力还是芝士这道选择题。一项美国研究表示,当有物可选时,人类会选择碳水化合物丰富的巧克力,而非芝士。

    Dana Small at the Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven2, Connecticut, performed a study where volunteers were asked to put monetary3 bids on a variety of different foods. They found that the volunteers would place higher bids on things like cake, chocolate and sugary treats over savoury snacks like cheese.

    康涅狄格州纽黑文耶鲁大学医学院的Dana Small开展了一项研究,要求志愿者对各种不同的食物进行金钱投标。他们发现,志愿者在蛋糕、巧克力和甜食等食物方面投标的金额要高于芝士等咸味零食。

    巧克力还是芝士?科学揭秘人类到底更喜欢哪一个.jpg

    Furthermore, the researchers carried out brain scans of the volunteers and found there was a surge of activity in the part of the brain involved with habits and rewards when they were choosing the sweet snacks like chocolate.

    此外,研究员对这些志愿者的大脑进行了扫描,他们发现当志愿者选择巧克力等甜食时,他们涉及习惯和奖励的大脑区域活动激增。

    "These results provide the first demonstration4 that foods high in fat and carbohydrate are, calorie for calorie, valued more than foods containing only fat or carbohydrate and that this effect is associated with greater recruitment of central reward circuits," explained the research team.

    "这些结果首次证明了脂肪含量和碳水化合物含量高的食物比只含有脂肪或只含有碳水化合物的食物更受重视,这一效应与更多的中央奖励回路补充相关,"该研究团队解释道。

    In a separate study, researchers from Columbia University discovered a way to remove cravings for sugar in mice, and say that the technique could one day be applied5 to humans. The team performed several experiments in which the sweet or bitter connections to the amygdala were artificially switched off.

    在另一项研究中,哥伦比亚大学的研究员发现了一种方法,可消除老鼠对糖的渴望。研究员称这种技术有一天可用于人类。该团队开展了多项研究,人为地关闭了扁桃体对甜味和苦味的感知。

    When the sweet connections were turned off, the mice could still recognise and distinguish sweet from bitter, but lacked the basic emotional reactions, like preference for sugar or aversion to bitter. Dr Wang said: "It would be like taking a bite of your favourite chocolate cake but not deriving6 any enjoyment from doing so. After a few bites, you may stop eating, whereas otherwise you would have scarfed it down."

    甜味感知被关闭时,老鼠仍能识别、辨别出甜味和苦味,但却丧失了基本的情绪反应,比如喜欢甜味、讨厌苦味。Wang医生说道:"就像咬了一口你最爱的巧克力蛋糕,但却不会从中获得任何乐趣。吃了几口之后,你可能就不吃了,或者会狼吞虎咽的吃完。"

    The researchers believe that the technique could one day be applied to humans, and could be used to treat people with obesity7 or eating disorders8.

    研究员认为这项技术有一天或将被用于人类,可用于治疗肥胖或饮食失调。

     10级    双语 


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    1 carbohydrate [ˌkɑ:bəʊˈhaɪdreɪt] FTPy0   第7级
    n.碳水化合物;糖类;(plural)淀粉质或糖类
    参考例句:
    • You should not have too much carbohydrate in your diet. 你日常饮食中不该有过多碳水化合物。
    • Cashew nuts are rich in carbohydrate. 腰果含丰富碳水化合物。
    2 haven [ˈheɪvn] 8dhzp   第8级
    n.安全的地方,避难所,庇护所
    参考例句:
    • It's a real haven at the end of a busy working day. 忙碌了一整天后,这真是一个安乐窝。
    • The school library is a little haven of peace and quiet. 学校的图书馆是一个和平且安静的小避风港。
    3 monetary [ˈmʌnɪtri] pEkxb   第7级
    adj.货币的,钱的;通货的;金融的;财政的
    参考例句:
    • The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold. 过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
    • Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. 荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。
    4 demonstration [ˌdemənˈstreɪʃn] 9waxo   第8级
    n.表明,示范,论证,示威
    参考例句:
    • His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism. 他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
    • He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there. 他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。
    5 applied [əˈplaɪd] Tz2zXA   第8级
    adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
    参考例句:
    • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics. 她打算学习应用语言学课程。
    • This cream is best applied to the face at night. 这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
    6 deriving [diˈraivɪŋ] 31b45332de157b636df67107c9710247   第7级
    v.得到( derive的现在分词 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取
    参考例句:
    • I anticipate deriving much instruction from the lecture. 我期望从这演讲中获得很多教益。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • He anticipated his deriving much instruction from the lecture. 他期望从这次演讲中得到很多教益。 来自辞典例句
    7 obesity [əʊ'bi:sətɪ] Dv1ya   第8级
    n.肥胖,肥大
    参考例句:
    • One effect of overeating may be obesity. 吃得过多能导致肥胖。
    • Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods. 糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。
    8 disorders [disˈɔ:dəz] 6e49dcafe3638183c823d3aa5b12b010   第7级
    n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 );凌乱;骚乱;(身心、机能)失调
    参考例句:
    • Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告,厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

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