又是一年租房旺季。今年,你的房租涨了吗?
去年毕业签的合同,今年续约,中介告诉你房价要涨,你只好和室友商量,看看怎么分摊掉涨上去的租金。
如果上面的情况让你中枪,那你并不是一个人。
最近,一些大城市房租节节攀升,刺痛了不少租房者的神经,一些月入过万的人,都自嘲“在贫困的边缘试探”。
按理说,房租占比工资的30%-40%是大家都比较能够承受的一个比例,但据中国日报报道,现在有的年轻人,一半工资都献给中介了……
Guo Qingbin, an employee for a charity consultancy agency in Beijing, said the monthly rental1 of his apartment increased from 8,000 yuan a month to 9,000 yuan as he renewed the lease contract recently.
郭庆斌在北京的一家慈善咨询公司工作,今年续租的时候,月租金从8000涨到了9000。
Guo lives in a three-bedroom house that has 80 square meters in the downtown Chaoyang district. He said the rental accounts for almost half of his income.
郭庆彬住在北京市朝阳区一个80平米的三室房里。他表示,房租已将近占据他收入的一半。
据《中国日报》报道,数据显示,去年成都房租涨得最厉害,而房租最高的是北京。
According to data from CITIC Securities, 13 major cities have seen house rents increase by over 20 percent in the past year, with the city of Chengdu topping the list, with a price growth of 31 percent.
据中信证券数据,在过去一年,中国13个主要城市房租上涨超过20%,其中成都位居榜首,房租上涨31%。
Beijing has the highest housing rent, where a tenant2 pays an average of 92 yuan ($13.4) per square meter per month, a rise of 22 percent year-on-year.
其中,北京房租最高,租房者平均每月每平米租金达到92元,同比增长22%。
不知道是否有人会像邱莹莹那样,想回老家考个公务员……
话说回来,季节性上涨的房租是正常现象。但为何今年的上涨如此反常,以至于引发社会关注呢?总结起来,有如下几个原因:
?供需关系变动
7、8月份本来就是找房旺季,“求”本身就多。
房地产市场分析师陈雷告诉新华网思客说,随着毕业生进入市场,以及各大城市对违规租赁的打击,供求关系也发生了变动:
Soaring rental costs are partly attributed to the growing demand for housing as new graduates flock into the market, and also a result of cities' crackdowns on irregularities in the apartment rental market, such as demolishing3 those with safety hazards and ordering a halt to group renting.
飞涨的房租部分是由于毕业生涌入租房市场,对租房的需求增大,同时也与城市打击房屋出租市场的违规情况有关,比如拆除有安全隐患的房屋,以及叫停群租等。
?房产中介间竞争
原我爱我家副总裁胡景辉曾透露,中介之间争抢房源的戏码最后都让租客买单,人为抬高了租金:
Hu Jinghui, former deputy chief of real estate4 agency 5i5j, said apartment rental platform operators, such as Ziroom and Danke, have scrambled5 for rental properties from owners at prices 20 to 40 percent higher than normal market prices, which drove up the rental prices.
原我爱我家副总裁胡景辉说,自如和蛋壳等中介为争抢房源,将收房价格提至比一般市场价高20%-40%,因此抬高了租金。
7月中旬,在北京市里还有套房子的陈先生(化名),将目前闲置在天通苑西二区的一套120平三居室挂在58同城网站打算出租,未料到引来一场令人哭笑不得的“中介抢房大战”……
陈先生向记者表示,他的预期价位原本在7500元每月,而自如和蛋壳两家中介在经过三轮抬价之后,该房子原地暴涨3300元,直达10800元每月。
据陈先生表示,当时蛋壳公寓的中介表示,不管自如出多少,他们都追加300元。
该帖子一出,一些网友在帖子下面跟上了自己相似的经历。
网友Leonardo:两年前我就发现是这个套路,去年过年邻居的两居出租市场价5k-5.5k,开始自己谈可能都愿意出5k左右,结果中介直接给8k租3年,他心动了租给了中介。一个星期之后,我就在中介的朋友圈看到他家房子:客厅做了隔断当3居分租,整租9.5k。
? 长租公寓垄断房源
刚才网友说的“隔断分租”,其实就是现在的“长租公寓”,是将业主房屋租赁过来,进行装修改造,配齐家具家电,以单间的形式出租给房屋周边的白领上班人士。自如就是其中有代表性的一个。
这其中有安全风险,但会给中介带来巨大的利润。而他们现在已不满足于分租带来的收益:
Yet the companies have seemingly become dissatisfied with this business model after exhausting its profit prospects6. Thus a few big companies have offered rents that exceed homeowners expectations and thus grabbed a large number of properties which has enabled them to create a monopoly in the rental market, leaving renters no choice but to pay the high rents they demand.
在其利润前景正慢慢耗尽之时,这些公司看来已经并不满意目前的商业模式。几个较大的长租公寓公司开始支付房主超过预期的价格,争抢大量房源,以使他们在租赁市场形成垄断,租客们别无选择,只好支付他们要求的租金。
These rental agencies no longer profit from providing information services but from their monopoly practices that seriously disturb the market order and harm healthy competition.
房租中介已经不再通过提供信息服务盈利了,而是通过严重干扰市场秩序、损害良性竞争的垄断而获取利益。
? 为圈钱,“信用租房”也能变“分期贷”
而中介圈钱的戏码不止于此。近日,一篇名为《为什么中介哄抢租赁房源,因为贩毒都没它来钱快》的文章在朋友圈刷屏,披露一些中介利用不正当的交易流程“空手套白狼”的做法。
而日前,新华社一篇文章也揭露了“无需押金入住”的真相,租客签下的合同竟然变成了“贷款业务”,说好的信用租房竟成了分期贷↓↓↓
这就意味着,你欠下了金融公司12个月的租金,之后按月还,但这12个月的租金,已经全部到了中介手里。而中介一般是按季度付给房东租金,其他的钱全部扣在自己手里。
引用上述自媒体文章的类比:“有点像共享单车的租金”。
他们会怎么用这笔钱?不免让人细思极恐。
?不均衡的租金/房价比
中原地产首席分析师张大伟表示,房价上涨的首要原因是中国房产市场目前不均衡的租金/房价比造成的。
The rent-price ratio is an international criterion in evaluating a city's property market, and predicts the payback period of property investment. A ratio between 1:200 and 1:300 would signal a healthy market.
租金/房价比是国际上用的城市房地产市场评判标准,也用来预测产权投资的回收期。1:200到1:300之间象征着市场的健康。
张大伟说,正常的房租/房价比是1:200到1:300之间,而在北京,这个数字甚至比1:500还要低:
Beijing features a rent-price ratio of less than 1:500, which means the owner has to collect rents for 500 months, or more than 40 years, to recover the investment in the property.
北京的房租/房价比要低于1:500,这意味着房主需收租500个月(40年以上)才能把在房产上的投资赚回来。
Zhang said the rent-price ratios in first-tier cities have remained at low levels for a long time because many property owners bought the houses as a means of investment and did not expect to profit on a lease.
张大伟说,一线城市的房租在过去很长时间内都保持在较低水平,因为房主买房是为了投资,并不要求靠收租得利。
监管部门出手了
8月17日,北京市住建委联合市银监局、市金融局、市税务局等部门集中约谈自如、相寓、蛋壳公寓等主要住房租赁企业负责人。
约谈会明确要求住房租赁企业做到“三不”:
?不得利用银行贷款等融资渠道获取的资金恶性竞争抢占房源;
The rental companies should not grab rental listings using funds procured7 from banks and other financial channels, which has fueled a vicious competition.
?不得以高于市场水平的租金或哄抬租金抢占房源;
They should not snatch up apartments with above market price offers.
?不得通过提高租金诱导房东提前解除租赁合同等方式抢占房源。
They should not tempt8 landlords to terminate leasing contracts early with promises of higher prices.
据《北京晚报》报道,19日,北京市房地产中介协会也召开座谈会,自如、相寓、蛋壳公寓等10家主要住房租赁企业负责人参加,共同承诺落实“三不得”要求,并承诺不涨租金且拿出手中共计超过12万套的全部存量房源投向市场。
Beijing’s real estate agency association announced Sunday 10 rental platforms have promised not to raise the rent and to put a total stock of 120,000 apartments on the market in an effort to stabilize9 prices.
19日,北京市房地产中介协会称,10家主要住房租赁企业承诺不涨租金且拿出手中共计超过12万套的全部存量房源投向市场。
同时,北京等城市提出多渠道筹集租赁房源,加大供给。通过加快集体土地租赁住房建设、将非住宅改建为职工集体宿舍和鼓励国有企业利用自有土地建设租赁住房等方式增加租赁住房供给。
1 rental [ˈrentl] 第8级 | |
n.租赁,出租,出租业 | |
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2 tenant [ˈtenənt] 第7级 | |
n.承租人;房客;佃户;vt.租借,租用 | |
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3 demolishing [diˈmɔliʃɪŋ] 第9级 | |
v.摧毁( demolish的现在分词 );推翻;拆毁(尤指大建筑物);吃光 | |
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4 estate [ɪˈsteɪt] 第7级 | |
n.所有地,地产,庄园;住宅区;财产,资产 | |
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5 scrambled [ˈskræmbld] 第8级 | |
v.快速爬行( scramble的过去式和过去分词 );攀登;争夺;(军事飞机)紧急起飞 | |
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6 prospects ['prɔspekts] 第7级 | |
n.希望,前途(恒为复数) | |
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7 procured [prəʊˈkjʊəd] 第9级 | |
v.(努力)取得, (设法)获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 );拉皮条 | |
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