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“带电栽培”助力中国新农业革命
添加时间:2018-09-26 15:50:58 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • hinese growers have the answer to a question that has been baffling scientists for three centuries: Can electricity boost plant growth?

    电能促进植物生长吗?对于这个困扰了科学家三个世纪的问题,中国的种植户们有了答案。

    To find out, China has been conducting the world’s largest experiment and the results are transforming agricultural production in the world’s most populous1 nation with a jolt2.

    为了找到答案,中国一直在进行世界上最大规模的试验,其结果将为这个世界人口大国的农业生产带来巨变。

    Across the country, from Xinjiang’s remote Gobi Desert to the developed coastal3 areas facing the Pacific Ocean, vegetable greenhouse farms with a combined area of more than 3,600 hectares have been taking part in an “electro culture” program funded by the Chinese government.

    在全国各地,从新疆偏远的戈壁沙漠到面朝太平洋的沿海发达地区,总面积超过3600公顷的蔬菜大棚正在参与中国政府资助的一项“带电栽培”计划。

    Last month the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other government research institutes released the findings of nearly three decades of study in areas with different climate, soil conditions and plantation4 habits. They are hailing the results as a breakthrough.

    上个月,中国农业科学院和其他政府研究机构发布了对气候、土壤条件和种植习惯不同的地区近30年研究的结果,他们称结果具有突破性。

    The technique has boosted vegetable output by 20 to 30 percent. Pesticide5 use has decreased 70 to 100 percent. And fertilizer consumption has dropped more than 20 percent.

    这项技术使蔬菜产量提高了20%至30%,农药使用量减少了70%至100%,化肥消耗量下降了20%以上。

    The vegetables grow under bare copper6 wires, set about three metres above ground level and stretching end to end under the greenhouse roof. The wires are capable of generating rapid, positive charges as high as 50,000 volts7, or more than 400 times the standard residential8 voltage in the US.

    这些蔬菜生长在裸铜线下,铜线高出地面约3米,在温室大棚顶下首尾相连。这些铜线能够产生高达5万伏的快速正电荷,相当于美国标准住宅电压的400多倍。

    The high frequency electricity kills bacteria and virus-transmitting diseases in the air or soil. It also suppresses the surface tension of water on leaves, accelerating vaporization.

    高频电流能够杀死空气或土壤中的细菌和病毒,从而抑制疾病传播,它还能抑制叶片水分的表面张力,使其加速蒸发。

    Within the plants, the transport of naturally charged particles, such as bicarbonate and calcium9 ions, speed up and metabolic10 activities, like carbon dioxide absorption and photosynthesis11, also increase.

    而在植物内部,碳酸氢根离子和钙离子等天然带电粒子的运输速度加快,二氧化碳吸收和光合作用等代谢活动也在增加。

    Professor Liu Binjiang, agriculture scientist and a leading member of the project, said the electric current flowing through the wires is only a few millionths of an ampere12 by volume – lower than a smartphone cable’s workload13.

    农业科学家、该项目的主要成员刘滨疆教授说,裸铜线中的电流只有百万分之几安培,比智能手机电线的负荷还要低。

    “It does absolutely no harm to the plants or to humans standing14 nearby,” he said.

    他说:“带电栽培对蔬菜和站在近旁的工作人员完全无害。”

    Thanks to the positive findings of the study, the area devoted15 to electrified16 farms in China is now growing with unprecedented17 speed, according to Liu, from 1,000 to 1,300 hectares each year.

    刘滨疆教授说,得益于这项研究的积极成果,中国带电栽培农场的面积正在以前所未有的速度增长,每年增加1000至1300公顷。

    That means up to 40 percent growth in electro culture farming could be achieved within the next 12 months.

    这意味着,在未来12个月内,中国带电栽培的增长率可达40%。

    “Most recent investments have come from the private sector,” Liu said. “The business is taking off. We are supplying the technology and equipment to other countries including the Netherlands, United States, Australia and Malaysia.

    刘滨疆教授说:“最近的投资大多来自私营领域,业务正在飞速增长。我们正在向荷兰、美国、澳大利亚和马来西亚等其他国家提供技术和设备。”

    The British and American authorities each commissioned separate studies on electro culture in the early 20th century. The British findings were positive, while the American results were negative.

    20世纪初,英国和美国当局分别开展带电栽培的研究,英国的研究结果是正面的,而美国的结果则是负面的。

    These experiments were mostly small and conducted in open fields, with conditions which varied18 from one location to another. The wide range of natural elements affected19 the final output and there was no universal standard for hardware design or technical details such as voltage and frequency.

    那些试验大多规模较小,而且是在空旷的田野进行的,条件因地而异。各种自然因素影响着最终结果,而且在硬件设计或技术细节(比如电压和电频)等方面也没有通用的标准。

    The scientists in these pioneering studies also lacked advanced equipment, such as today’s portable spectrum20 analyzer, to study the plant’s response to electricity at the molecular21 level.

    从事这些开创性研究的科学家也缺乏先进设备,比如当今的便携式频谱分析仪,来研究植物在分子层面上对电的反应。

    As a consequence22, explanations of the observed phenomenon23 remained speculative24 and interest waned25 with the advent26 of chemical fertilizers and pesticides27 to achieve mass agricultural production.

    因此,对实验观察结果的解释仍然是推测性的。随着化肥和杀虫剂的出现,农业实现了大规模生产,人们对带电栽培的兴趣逐渐消退。

    Public interest in electro culture revived with the rise of organic farming and the Chinese government started funding experiments in the technique in 1990.

    但在有机农业兴起之后,人们对带电栽培恢复了兴趣,中国于1990年开始资助这项技术的试验。

    He Feng, senior technician of Yufa Jingnan Vegetable Production and Sales, one of Beijing’s largest vegetable producers, said the company had taken part in the program since 2014 and the results were “very satisfactory”.

    北京最大的蔬菜生产企业之一榆垡京南蔬菜产销专业合作社的高级技术员何峰(音)说,该公司自2014年以来一直参与这项计划,结果“非常令人满意”。

    In just two years the electrified vegetables had brought in extra revenue of nearly 1.2 million yuan.

    仅仅两年时间,带电栽培蔬菜就增收近120万元人民币。

    “We are still running the equipment, which consumes very little power,” he said.

    他说:“我们还在使用那些设备,耗电很少。”

    One hectare of electrified greenhouse requires about 15 kilowatt-hours of electricity per day, which is about half the power usage of an average American family.

    一公顷的带电栽培温室大棚每天需要用电大约15千瓦时,大约是美国一个普通家庭每天用电量的一半。

    Inside the greenhouse the air smells like the aftermath of a summer thunderstorm. Humidity is low and the plants rarely get sick.

    在温室大棚里,空气中弥漫着夏天雷雨过后的味道。湿度低,植物很少患病虫害。

    The biggest burden is the installation cost, He said, with the necessary hardware costing tens of thousands of yuan. Without government support, the company could not have afforded to wire up all its greenhouses.

    何峰说,最大的负担是安装费用,所需的硬件成本达数万元。如果没有政府的支持,该公司没有财力让所有的大棚都实现带电栽培。

    Liu Yongyi, owner of City Luhai Xinghua Sightseeing Agriculture company in Beijing’s Daxing district, which is also engaging in electro culture, said the technology would significantly improve China’s food safety by massively reducing the use of pesticides.

    北京市大兴区都市绿海兴华观光农业有限公司也在从事带电栽培,该公司老板刘永义(音)说,这项技术将大大减少农药的使用,从而提高中国的食品安全水平。

    “Pesticide residue28 is a huge threat to public health. Electricity provides a physical solution to disease and pest control. It is much cleaner than chemicals. The government should subsidize the electro culture revolution,” he said.

    他说:“农药残留是对公众健康的巨大威胁,电力为控制病虫害提供了物理解决方案,它比化学品干净得多,政府应该补贴带电栽培革命。”

    “带电栽培”助力中国新农业革命.png

    Liu said visitors to the farm were intrigued29 when they saw the system at work and he believed the public would be quick to embrace the technology.

    他说,参观农场的人们看到这个系统时都很好奇,他相信公众会很快接受这项技术。

    “The theory is easy to understand. I believe people would be willing to pay a premium30 for electrified vegetables and fruits in the near future,” he said.

    他说:“这个理论很容易理解。我相信,在不久的将来,人们会愿意为带电栽培的蔬菜和水果支付更高的价格。”

    Professor Liu said there were no plans to electrify31 them all, as the investment would be unaffordable for most farmers.

    刘滨疆教授说,目前还没有给所有温室大棚通电的计划,因为大多数农民负担不起这笔投资。

    His project team is taking a different approach and developing a compact, all-in-one vegetable growing chamber32 using electro culture technology.

    因此他的项目组正在采取另一种方法:利用带电栽培技术开发一个紧凑的、一体化的蔬菜种植室。

    “Each family would be able to grow their own food in the kitchen, on the balcony or in the backyard,” he said.

    刘滨疆说:“每个家庭都能在厨房、阳台或后院种植自己的食物。”

    The chamber uses an artificial light source and electric field to stimulate33 plant growth and prevent diseases. Operation is automatic and almost care and maintenance free.

    这个种植室利用人工光源和电场来刺激植物生长和预防疾病,操作全自动化,几乎不需要料理和维护。

    “One day these tiny chambers34 may become an alternative to large scale farms,” Liu said. “That would trigger another agricultural revolution.”

    他说:“有朝一日,这些小种植室可能会替代大型农场,那将引发另一场农业革命。”

     11级    双语 


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    1 populous [ˈpɒpjələs] 4ORxV   第9级
    adj.人口稠密的,人口众多的
    参考例句:
    • London is the most populous area of Britain. 伦敦是英国人口最稠密的地区。
    • China is the most populous developing country in the world. 中国是世界上人口最多的发展中国家。
    2 jolt [dʒəʊlt] ck1y2   第8级
    vt. 使颠簸;使震惊;使摇动 vi. 摇晃;颠簸而行 n. 颠簸;摇晃;震惊;严重挫折
    参考例句:
    • We were worried that one tiny jolt could worsen her injuries. 我们担心稍微颠簸一下就可能会使她的伤势恶化。
    • They were working frantically in the fear that an aftershock would jolt the house again. 他们拼命地干着,担心余震可能会使房子再次受到震动。
    3 coastal [ˈkəʊstl] WWiyh   第8级
    adj.海岸的,沿海的,沿岸的
    参考例句:
    • The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks. 大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
    • This country will fortify the coastal areas. 该国将加强沿海地区的防御。
    4 plantation [plɑ:nˈteɪʃn] oOWxz   第7级
    n.种植园,大农场
    参考例句:
    • His father-in-law is a plantation manager. 他岳父是个种植园经营者。
    • The plantation owner has possessed himself of a vast piece of land. 这个种植园主把大片土地占为己有。
    5 pesticide [ˈpestɪsaɪd] OMlxV   第8级
    n.杀虫剂,农药
    参考例句:
    • The pesticide was spread over the vegetable plot. 菜田里撒上了农药。
    • This pesticide is diluted with water and applied directly to the fields. 这种杀虫剂用水稀释后直接施用在田里。
    6 copper [ˈkɒpə(r)] HZXyU   第7级
    n.铜;铜币;铜器;adj.铜(制)的;(紫)铜色的
    参考例句:
    • The students are asked to prove the purity of copper. 要求学生们检验铜的纯度。
    • Copper is a good medium for the conduction of heat and electricity. 铜是热和电的良导体。
    7 volts [vəults] 98e8d837b26722c4cf6887fd4ebf60e8   第7级
    n.(电压单位)伏特( volt的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • The floating potential, Vf is usually only a few volts below ground. 浮置电势Vf通常只低于接地电位几伏。 来自辞典例句
    • If gamma particles are present, potential differences of several thousand volts can be generated. 如果存在γ粒子,可能产生几千伏的电位差。 来自辞典例句
    8 residential [ˌrezɪˈdenʃl] kkrzY3   第7级
    adj.提供住宿的;居住的;住宅的
    参考例句:
    • The mayor inspected the residential section of the city. 市长视察了该市的住宅区。
    • The residential blocks were integrated with the rest of the college. 住宿区与学院其他部分结合在了一起。
    9 calcium [ˈkælsiəm] sNdzY   第7级
    n.钙(化学符号Ca)
    参考例句:
    • We need calcium to make bones. 我们需要钙来壮骨。
    • Calcium is found most abundantly in milk. 奶含钙最丰富。
    10 metabolic [ˌmetə'bɒlɪk] 2R4z1   第11级
    adj.新陈代谢的
    参考例句:
    • Impressive metabolic alternations have been undergone during embryogenesis. 在胚胎发生期间经历了深刻的代谢变化。
    • A number of intoxicants are associated with metabolic acidosis. 许多毒性物质可引起代谢性酸中毒。
    11 photosynthesis [ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθəsɪs] A2Czp   第10级
    n.光合作用
    参考例句:
    • In apple trees photosynthesis occurs almost exclusively in the leaves. 苹果树的光合作用几乎只发生在叶内。
    • Chloroplasts are the structures in which photosynthesis happens. 叶绿体就是光合作用发生的地方。
    12 ampere ['æmpeə(r)] ZLHyE   第8级
    n.(电)安培
    参考例句:
    • This piece of equipment needs a thirty-ampere fuse. 这设备需要30安培的熔丝。
    • The units in which we show voltage and current are volt and ampere respectively. 我们用以表示电压和电流的单位分别为伏特和安培。
    13 workload [ˈwɜ:kləʊd] fVCzw   第9级
    n.作业量,工作量
    参考例句:
    • An assistant one day a week would ease my workload. 每周有一天配一个助手就会减轻我的工作负担。
    • He's always grousing about the workload. 他总是抱怨工作量大。
    14 standing [ˈstændɪŋ] 2hCzgo   第8级
    n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
    参考例句:
    • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing. 地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
    • They're standing out against any change in the law. 他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
    15 devoted [dɪˈvəʊtɪd] xu9zka   第8级
    adj.忠诚的,忠实的,热心的,献身于...的
    参考例句:
    • He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland. 他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
    • We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic. 我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。
    16 electrified [ɪ'lektrɪfaɪd] 00d93691727e26ff4104e0c16b9bb258   第9级
    v.使电气化( electrify的过去式和过去分词 );使兴奋
    参考例句:
    • The railway line was electrified in the 1950s. 这条铁路线在20世纪50年代就实现了电气化。
    • The national railway system has nearly all been electrified. 全国的铁路系统几乎全部实现了电气化。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    17 unprecedented [ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd] 7gSyJ   第8级
    adj.无前例的,新奇的
    参考例句:
    • The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths. 这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
    • A flood of this sort is really unprecedented. 这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。
    18 varied [ˈveərid] giIw9   第8级
    adj.多样的,多变化的
    参考例句:
    • The forms of art are many and varied. 艺术的形式是多种多样的。
    • The hotel has a varied programme of nightly entertainment. 宾馆有各种晚间娱乐活动。
    19 affected [əˈfektɪd] TzUzg0   第9级
    adj.不自然的,假装的
    参考例句:
    • She showed an affected interest in our subject. 她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
    • His manners are affected. 他的态度不自然。
    20 spectrum [ˈspektrəm] Trhy6   第7级
    n.谱,光谱,频谱;范围,幅度,系列
    参考例句:
    • This is a kind of atomic spectrum. 这是一种原子光谱。
    • We have known much of the constitution of the solar spectrum. 关于太阳光谱的构成,我们已了解不少。
    21 molecular [mə'lekjələ(r)] mE9xh   第9级
    adj.分子的;克分子的
    参考例句:
    • The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。
    • For the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease. 当压强趋近于零时,分子的碰撞就停止了。
    22 consequence [ˈkɒnsɪkwəns] Jajyr   第8级
    n.结果,后果;推理,推断;重要性
    参考例句:
    • The consequence was that he caught a bad cold. 结果是他得了重感冒。
    • In consequence he lost his place. 结果,他失去了他的位置。
    23 phenomenon [fəˈnɒmɪnən] DNQxo   第8级
    n.现象,特殊的人,特殊的事物,奇迹
    参考例句:
    • Beethoven was a phenomenon among many musicians. 贝多芬是众多的音乐家中的天才。
    • How do you explain this phenomenon? 这种现象怎样解释?
    24 speculative [ˈspekjələtɪv] uvjwd   第10级
    adj.思索性的,暝想性的,推理的
    参考例句:
    • Much of our information is speculative. 我们的许多信息是带推测性的。
    • The report is highly speculative and should be ignored. 那个报道推测的成分很大,不应理会。
    25 waned [weɪnd] 8caaa77f3543242d84956fa53609f27c   第8级
    v.衰落( wane的过去式和过去分词 );(月)亏;变小;变暗淡
    参考例句:
    • However,my enthusiasm waned.The time I spent at exercises gradually diminished. 然而,我的热情减退了。我在做操上花的时间逐渐减少了。 来自《用法词典》
    • The bicycle craze has waned. 自行车热已冷下去了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
    26 advent [ˈædvent] iKKyo   第7级
    n.(重要事件等的)到来,来临
    参考例句:
    • Swallows come by groups at the advent of spring. 春天来临时燕子成群飞来。
    • The advent of the Euro will redefine Europe. 欧元的出现将重新定义欧洲。
    27 pesticides ['pestɪsaɪdz] abb0488ed6905584ea91347395a890e8   第8级
    n.杀虫剂( pesticide的名词复数 );除害药物
    参考例句:
    • vegetables grown without the use of pesticides 未用杀虫剂种植的蔬菜
    • There is a lot of concern over the amount of herbicides and pesticides used in farming. 人们对农业上灭草剂和杀虫剂的用量非常担忧。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    28 residue [ˈrezɪdju:] 6B0z1   第9级
    n.残余,剩余,残渣
    参考例句:
    • Mary scraped the residue of food from the plates before putting them under water. 玛丽在把盘子放入水之前先刮去上面的食物残渣。
    • Pesticide persistence beyond the critical period for control leads to residue problems. 农药一旦超过控制的临界期,就会导致残留问题。
    29 intrigued [ɪnˈtri:gd] 7acc2a75074482e2b408c60187e27c73   第7级
    adj.好奇的,被迷住了的v.搞阴谋诡计(intrigue的过去式);激起…的兴趣或好奇心;“intrigue”的过去式和过去分词
    参考例句:
    • You've really intrigued me—tell me more! 你说的真有意思—再给我讲一些吧!
    • He was intrigued by her story. 他被她的故事迷住了。
    30 premium [ˈpri:miəm] EPSxX   第7级
    n.加付款;赠品;adj.高级的;售价高的
    参考例句:
    • You have to pay a premium for express delivery. 寄快递你得付额外费用。
    • Fresh water was at a premium after the reservoir was contaminated. 在水库被污染之后,清水便因稀而贵了。
    31 electrify [ɪˈlektrɪfaɪ] Sqkx4   第9级
    vt.使充电;使电气化;使触电;使震惊;使兴奋
    参考例句:
    • The country is now making effort to electrify and informationize manufacture. 国家正在致力于制造业的电气化和信息化。
    • He needs money to electrify his surface lines. 他需要钱把他的地面线路电气化。
    32 chamber [ˈtʃeɪmbə(r)] wnky9   第7级
    n.房间,寝室;会议厅;议院;会所
    参考例句:
    • For many, the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber. 对许多人来说,牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
    • The chamber was ablaze with light. 会议厅里灯火辉煌。
    33 stimulate [ˈstɪmjuleɪt] wuSwL   第7级
    vt.刺激,使兴奋;激励,使…振奋
    参考例句:
    • Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts. 你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。
    • Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts. 成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。
    34 chambers [ˈtʃeimbəz] c053984cd45eab1984d2c4776373c4fe   第7级
    n.房间( chamber的名词复数 );(议会的)议院;卧室;会议厅
    参考例句:
    • The body will be removed into one of the cold storage chambers. 尸体将被移到一个冷冻间里。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    • Mr Chambers's readable book concentrates on the middle passage: the time Ransome spent in Russia. Chambers先生的这本值得一看的书重点在中间:Ransome在俄国的那几年。 来自互联网

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