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南极出现了血红色的雪
添加时间:2020-03-11 08:55:09 浏览次数: 作者:未知
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  • A few weeks ago, scientists at Ukraine's Vernadsky Research Base in Antarctica awoke to find their usually pristine1 white surrounds drenched2 in a shocking blood-red.

    几周前,位于南极的乌克兰沃纳德斯基研究站的科学家醒来发现周围原本白茫茫的雪地被染成了血红色,令人震惊。

    From the gory-looking images, you could be forgiven for wondering if there'd been some sort of horror-movie-style penguin3 massacre4. The good news is that the real cause is far less dramatic; unfortunately, it still has dire5 implications.

    看着这些“血淋淋”的照片,难怪你会好奇这里是不是出现了恐怖电影里的企鹅大屠杀。好消息是真实的原因并没有那么可怕;坏消息是这种情况会有可怕的影响。

    Marine6 ecologist Andrey Zotov from the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, captured these images while conducting research at the Antarctic station. For such an epic7 mess, the culprits behind this dramatic redecoration are incredibly tiny.

    乌克兰国家科学院的海洋生态学家Andrey Zotov在南极站进行研究时拍下了这些照片。这场景史无前例,但这种戏剧性变化背后的罪魁祸首却极其微小。

    "Our scientists have identified them under a microscope as Chlamydomonas nivalis," said the National Antarctic Scientific Centre of Ukraine in a Facebook post.

    乌克兰国家南极科学中心在Facebook上发的一篇文章中说:“我们的科学家通过在显微镜下观察,已经确定了它们是雪地衣藻。”

    These microscopic8 green algae9 (we'll get to why they look red in a moment), a type of single-cellular seaweed, are common in all icy and snowy regions of Earth, from the arctic to alpine10 regions.

    这些微生绿藻(我们一会就知道它们为什么是红色的了)是一种单细胞海藻,在地球上被冰雪覆盖的地区很常见,从北极到高山地区都有。

    They lie slumbering11 during the brutal12 winter, but once the sunlight warms enough to soften13 their crystallised world, the algae spring awake, making use of the meltwater and sunlight to rapidly bloom.

    寒冬时期它们会冬眠,一旦阳光变暖,冰雪融化,藻类就苏醒了,利用融水和阳光迅速开花。

    "The algae need liquid water in order to bloom," University of Leeds microbiologist Steffi Lutz told Gizmodo in 2016.

    利兹大学微生物学家Steffi Lutz在2016年告诉Gizmodo(美国一个知名科技博客):“这种藻类需要液态水来开花。”

    "[The algal blooms] contribute to climate change," the centre stated.

    该中心表示:“‘藻花’会加速气候变化。”

    A study in 2016 showed that snow algal blooms can decrease the amount of light reflected from the snow (also know as albedo) by up to 13 percent across one melt season in the Arctic.

    2016年的一项研究表明,雪藻花会减少雪对光的反射(也叫反照率),北极一个融冰季节会减少13%。

    "This will invariably result in higher melt rates," the researchers wrote.

    研究人员写道:“这必然会导致融化加速。”

    In 2017 environmental scientists calculated that microbial communities, which include C. nivalis, contributed to over a sixth of the snowmelt where they were present in Alaskan icefields. Their experiments showed that areas with more meltwater led to the growth of 50 percent more algae and places with more algae melted further.

    环境科学家在2017年计算过,在雪地衣藻出现的阿拉斯加冰原上超过六分之一的融雪都是由包括雪地衣藻在内的微生物群落造成的。他们的实验表明融水更多的地区藻类会增加50%,而藻类更多的地区还会进一步融化。

    This Antarctic summer has certainly seen a lot more meltwater than usual. Temperature records keep tumbling, leading to rapid melting at a scale previously14 only seen in the Northern Hemisphere.

    今年夏天,南极的融水比往年要多得多,温度纪录不断刷新,如此大规模快速融化以前只在北半球出现过。

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    1 pristine [ˈprɪsti:n] 5BQyC   第10级
    adj.原来的,古时的,原始的,纯净的,无垢的
    参考例句:
    • He wiped his fingers on his pristine handkerchief. 他用他那块洁净的手帕擦手指。
    • He wasn't about to blemish that pristine record. 他本不想去玷污那清白的过去。
    2 drenched [drentʃd] cu0zJp   第8级
    adj.湿透的;充满的v.使湿透( drench的过去式和过去分词 );在某人(某物)上大量使用(某液体)
    参考例句:
    • We were caught in the storm and got drenched to the skin. 我们遇上了暴雨,淋得浑身透湿。
    • The rain drenched us. 雨把我们淋得湿透。 来自《简明英汉词典》
    3 penguin [ˈpeŋgwɪn] W3jzf   第7级
    n.企鹅
    参考例句:
    • The penguin is a flightless bird. 企鹅是一种不会飞的鸟。
    • He walked with an awkward gait like a penguin. 他走路的步子难看得就像企鹅。
    4 massacre [ˈmæsəkə(r)] i71zk   第7级
    n.残杀,大屠杀;vt.残杀,集体屠杀
    参考例句:
    • There was a terrible massacre of villagers here during the war. 在战争中,这里的村民惨遭屠杀。
    • If we forget the massacre, the massacre will happen again! 忘记了大屠杀,大屠杀就有可能再次发生!
    5 dire [ˈdaɪə(r)] llUz9   第10级
    adj.可怕的,悲惨的,阴惨的,极端的
    参考例句:
    • There were dire warnings about the dangers of watching too much TV. 曾经有人就看电视太多的危害性提出严重警告。
    • We were indeed in dire straits. But we pulled through. 那时我们的困难真是大极了,但是我们渡过了困难。
    6 marine [məˈri:n] 77Izo   第7级
    adj.海的;海生的;航海的;海事的;n.水兵
    参考例句:
    • Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
    • When the war broke out, he volunteered for the Marine Corps. 战争爆发时,他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
    7 epic [ˈepɪk] ui5zz   第8级
    n.史诗,叙事诗;adj.史诗般的,壮丽的
    参考例句:
    • I gave up my epic and wrote this little tale instead. 我放弃了写叙事诗,而写了这个小故事。
    • They held a banquet of epic proportions. 他们举行了盛大的宴会。
    8 microscopic [ˌmaɪkrəˈskɒpɪk] nDrxq   第8级
    adj.微小的,细微的,极小的,显微的
    参考例句:
    • It's impossible to read his microscopic handwriting. 不可能看清他那极小的书写字迹。
    • A plant's lungs are the microscopic pores in its leaves. 植物的肺就是其叶片上微细的气孔。
    9 algae [ˈældʒi:] tK6yW   第11级
    n.水藻,海藻
    参考例句:
    • Most algae live in water. 多数藻类生长在水中。
    • Algae grow and spread quickly in the lake. 湖中水藻滋蔓。
    10 alpine [ˈælpaɪn] ozCz0j   第12级
    adj.高山的;n.高山植物
    参考例句:
    • Alpine flowers are abundant there. 那里有很多高山地带的花。
    • Its main attractions are alpine lakes and waterfalls . 它以高山湖泊和瀑布群为主要特色。
    11 slumbering [] 26398db8eca7bdd3e6b23ff7480b634e   第9级
    微睡,睡眠(slumber的现在分词形式)
    参考例句:
    • It was quiet. All the other inhabitants of the slums were slumbering. 贫民窟里的人已经睡眠静了。
    • Then soft music filled the air and soothed the slumbering heroes. 接着,空中响起了柔和的乐声,抚慰着安睡的英雄。
    12 brutal [ˈbru:tl] bSFyb   第7级
    adj.残忍的,野蛮的,不讲理的
    参考例句:
    • She has to face the brutal reality. 她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
    • They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer. 他们表面上温文有礼,骨子里却是野蛮残忍。
    13 soften [ˈsɒfn] 6w0wk   第7级
    vt.(使)变柔软;(使)变柔和;vi.减轻;变柔和;变柔软
    参考例句:
    • Plastics will soften when exposed to heat. 塑料适当加热就可以软化。
    • This special cream will help to soften up our skin. 这种特殊的护肤霜有助于使皮肤变得柔软。
    14 previously ['pri:vɪəslɪ] bkzzzC   第8级
    adv.以前,先前(地)
    参考例句:
    • The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point. 自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
    • Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously. 让我岔开一会儿,解释原先发生了什么。

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