轻松背单词新浪微博 轻松背单词腾讯微博
轻松背单词微信服务号
当前位置:首页 -> 11级英语阅读 - > 为什么女性不愿进入科技领域?
为什么女性不愿进入科技领域?
添加时间:2014-11-23 18:27:46 浏览次数: 作者:未知
Tip:点击数字可快速查看单词解释  
  • Peter Ostrander, the tireless coordinator1 and cheerleader for a renowned2 science and mathematics magnet program at Montgomery Blair High School in Silver Spring, Md., was not satisfied. Over the past few years, the pool of applicants3 had included nearly as many girls as boys, and the acceptance rate — based largely on test scores and grades — had followed suit.

    作为马里兰州银泉市蒙哥马利布莱尔高中(Montgomery Blair High School)科学和数学磁石计划(magnet program)的协调员,彼得·奥斯特朗德(Peter Ostrander)一直在为这项声名远播的计划大声疾呼,但他很不满意。在过去的几年中,申请人中的男孩和女孩人数差不多,接受率——主要基于考试成绩和等级——亦是如此。

    Yet when it came to which of the invitees ended up choosing Blair's magnet option over other offerings in the area, the scales tilted4 male. In 2012, for example, 80 percent of the eligible5 boys said yes, but only 70 percent of the girls. In 2010, the figures had been 93 percent and 56 percent.

    然而,当涉及到哪些受邀者放弃该地区其他项目,转而选择这项磁石计划的时候,天平倾向了男生。比如,在2012年符合条件的男生中,有80%的人选择加入,但同意加入的女生仅有70%。2010年的这项比例分别为93%和56%。

    Convinced the program could do better at pitching its product to girls, Mr. Ostrander recruited teams of upper-class girls last spring to call their hesitant young counterparts. Extol7 the wonders of the program, he said. Dispel8 the tired geek myths.

    奥斯特朗德深信,这项计划可以更好地向女孩们推广其产品。去年春天,他招募了一批高年级女生,让她们给那些依然犹豫不决的姐妹们打电话,他说,这样能颂扬磁石计划的神奇之处,并驱散令人厌烦的极客神话。

    "The stereotype9 is out there that the magnet is filled with nerdy people," he said. "Whatever that means."

    “外界的刻板印象向来是,参与磁石计划的皆是一些毫无生趣的书呆子,”他说。“无论'书呆子'这个词究竟意味着什么。”

    The upper-class students took to the phone banks with verve. (Full disclosure: my daughter was one of them.) They talked of fun, extracurriculars and sisterhood. They secured many yes votes and earned pizza and sandwiches — but still, fewer qualified10 girls than boys are entering the magnet this fall.

    这些高年级女生充满激情地打起了电话(需要说明的是,我的女儿也是其中一员)。她们谈到了学习的乐趣,课外活动和姐妹情谊,并最终说服许多女孩选择加入,也顺便为自己赚到了比萨饼和三明治。但尽管如此,今年秋天加入磁石计划的女孩依然比男孩少很多。

    As a result, the demanding, gratifying, even thrilling four-year immersion11 in physics, chemistry, biology, calculus12, computer science, astronomy, entomology, the proper use of power tools — and yes, the humanities and social sciences — remains13 almost two-thirds male.

    其结果是,在接下来的四年中,沉浸于物理学、化学、生物学、微积分、计算机科学、天文学、昆虫学、电动工具的正确使用,以及人文和社会科学(没错,磁石计划也包含这两门学科)这一要求严格,但令人满足,甚至激动人心的学习体验之中的学生,将依然以男生为主——大约占学生总数的三分之二。

    Montgomery Blair's experience is by no means unique. Even as girls prove their prowess in science and math, their ambivalence14 lingers when it comes to fields formerly15 painted boy blue.

    蒙哥马利布莱尔高中的情况一点也不特殊。即使事实证明女孩具备研习科学和数学的实力,但一涉及到这些此前被描绘为男孩专属领域的学科时,她们的矛盾情绪仍然徘徊不去。

    As researchers see it, that reluctance16, that slight and possibly subliminal17 case of unfounded quantipathy, must be confronted and understood if the wider inequities in science are to be rooted out for good. Ample evidence refutes the notion that female brains just can't rotate the object, leap the quantum, do the math. Worldwide, girls' average math scores are on a par6 with those of boys.

    在研究人员看来,如果想要彻底根除科学领域更广泛的不平等现象,各界就必须直面并理解这种犹豫不决的心理,以及轻微的、可能出自潜意识且毫无根据的反数理学科情绪(quantipathy)。充足的证据已经驳斥了那种认为女性大脑根本不能进行空间思维,量子飞跃和数学题运算的观点。在世界范围内,女孩的数学平均成绩与男孩大体一致,并无优劣之别。

    And even among math geniuses who score in the top ten thousandth of the population — the rarefied precinct notoriously deemed a boys' club by the former Harvard president Lawrence Summers — the male advantage has been shrinking steadily18, to about 3 boys per girl today from 13 in the 1980s.

    即使在那些考试成绩高居总人口前千分之十的数学天才——这个稀有领域,被哈佛大学(Harvard University)前校长劳伦斯·萨默斯 (Lawrence Summers)恶名昭彰地称为男孩地带——当中,男生的优势也一直在稳步萎缩:男女生的比例现在已从上世纪80年代的13比1下降至大约3比1。

    Joseph Price of Brigham Young University and his colleagues reported this year that the gender19 gap in high-stakes math competitions disappeared simply by adding more rounds to a contest. Boys did better than girls in single-shot events, the researchers said, but when put through multiple rematches the boys fumbled20, allowing the girls to catch up and often surpass them.

    杨百翰大学(Brigham Young University)的约瑟夫·普莱斯(Joseph Price)及其同事今年发布的研究报告显示,仅仅为高风险的数学竞赛添加更多轮次的较量,优胜者的性别差异就会随之消失。研究人员声称,在单次比赛中,男孩的成绩往往比女孩更好,但当参赛者经受多次复赛的时候,男孩就很容易犯错误,从而让女孩迎头赶上,甚至经常超越他们。

    Girls also excel in the classroom. Nationwide, their grade point average in high school math and science is 2.76 out of 4, compared with 2.56 for boys.

    女孩的学习成绩也高出一筹。在全美国范围内,高中女生的数学和科学平均绩点是 2.76(总分为4),男生的平均绩点则为2.56。

    The message of equal aptitude21 has certainly infiltrated22 today's youth. In a recent presentation at a meeting of the American Psychological Association, Anthony Derriso of the University of Alabama reported his analysis of a vast 2009 study of more than 21,000 ninth graders nationwide.

    男女资质平等这一观念,肯定已渗透到当代青年人的心灵深处。在美国心理学协会(American Psychological Association)最近召开的一次会议上,阿拉巴马大学(The University of Alabama)的安东尼·德里索(Anthony Derriso)发布了他就2009年进行一项大规模调研活动所做的研究分析报告,这项调研活动对遍布全美各地的逾2.1万名九年级学生进行了采访。

    Mr. Derriso, who is completing his doctoral dissertation23 in psychology24, determined25 that students of both sexes rated boys and girls equally competent in science and math; expressed similar levels of confidence in their own math and science skills; and were equally likely to say they felt they were engaged in math and science and were supported by their teachers, parents and peers.

    正在撰写心理学博士论文的德里索断定,男女学生都认为男孩和女孩具有均等的科学和数学能力;对于自身的数学和科学技能,他们表达了类似水平的自信心;声称自己正在学习数学和科学,并且受到老师、家长和其他同学支持的男女学生比例亦大体相等。

    Yet aptitude is one thing, aspiration26 another. In answer to the question "Are you likely to pursue a scientific career?" some 2,300 students — 11 percent of the total — said yes. Among the ninth-grade yeasayers, 61 percent were male.

    然而,才能是一回事,抱负是另一回事。在回答“你将来有没有可能选择科研类工作?”这个问题时,大约2300名学生(约占受访总人数的11%)做了肯定答复。在有此抱负的九年级学生中,61%是男生。

    Mr. Derriso admits to bafflement. "If boys and girls are equally interested in math and science and feel equally confident about their abilities," he wondered, "why this humongous difference in intent? I don't have an answer for that."

    德里索承认这种现象让他困惑不解。“如果男孩和女孩对数学和科学同样感兴趣,并且对自身能力具有同等的自信心,”他非常想知道,“他们的职业意向为什么会有如此巨大的差异呢?我目前找不出答案。”

    The division marches off to college. Connie Chow, the executive director of the nonprofit group Science Club for Girls, pointed27 out that 29 percent of male college students major in math or science, compared with only 15 percent of female ones. Boys who ace28 science embrace science, but female mathletes keep their skills at arm's length. Researchers have found that, among students with high scores on the math portion of the SAT, boys cited their desire to major in the physical sciences, engineering or computers, while the girls preferred fields like economics, political science or medicine. One reason for the disparity may be that girls with high math scores, unlike their male counterparts, also tend to have high verbal scores and so may feel their career options are wide open. But still, given the choice, why do so many girls walk away from science and math?

    这种分裂延伸到了大学。非营利组织女孩科学俱乐部(Science Club for Girls)的执行董事邹瑞儿(Connie Chow)指出,29%的男大学生主修数学或科学,而仅有15%的女大学生选择这些专业。擅长科学的男孩拥抱科学,但参加过数学竞赛的女孩通常会把自身的才能搁置在一旁。研究人员发现,在学习能力评估测试(SAT)数学部分斩获高分的学生中,男孩通常渴望主修物理、工程或计算机,而女孩的首选领域则是经济学、政治学或医学。出现这种差异的原因之一或许是,与男孩不同,数学成绩高的女孩也往往拥有较高的语言成绩,故而可能觉得自己的职业选择非常广阔。但依然有一个问题,既然选择范围如此宽广,那么为什么这么多女孩最终舍科学和数学而去呢?

    In this country, women now earn close to 60 percent of bachelor's degrees overall, but only 20 percent of the degrees in computer science, 20 percent of those in physics and 18 percent of those in engineering. Women constitute half the nation's work force but just a quarter of its scientific corps29, and women with science degrees are less likely than their male counterparts to work in a scientific occupation. Instead, many end up in health care or education.

    在美国,女性现在获得的学士学位接近总数的60%,但其中仅有20%是计算机科学学位,物理和工程学位的比例分别为20%和18%。女性占全美劳动力大军的半边天,但在科技人才群体的占比仅为四分之一。此外,相较于男性,拥有科学学位的妇女不大可能从事科技类工作。恰恰相反,许多人最终选择了医疗保健或教育类工作。

    Those fields may be vital and heroic, but nobility comes at a price. Women in nonscience jobs earn just three-quarters the salary accorded those in higher-tech fields, and the paucity30 of female scientists helps explain the overall wage gap between women and men.

    这些领域或许至关重要,非常高尚。但崇高是要付出代价的。从事非科学工作的女性赚取的薪水,仅是高科技领域从业者的四分之三。女科学家的缺乏也有助于解释男性和女性之间的整体工资差距。

    Advocates for women and minorities in science are not afraid to play the money card. Dr. Chow and her colleagues organize after-school science clubs for girls in low-income communities. The girls love it, expressing stronger interest in science than many privileged students. Yet for some of the girls, Dr. Chow said, "knowing how much you can earn as, say, a marine31 engineer really makes a difference."

    呼吁女性和少数族裔从事科技工作的人士,并不畏惧打“收入牌”。邹博士和她的同事为低收入社区的女孩筹办了一些课外科学辅导俱乐部。这些女孩很喜欢参与,她们对科学的兴趣远大于许多富家女。然而,对于一些女孩来说,“知道从事科技类工作(比如说海洋工程师)能够赚取多少钱,的确会产生不一样的激励效果。”

    In seeking to explain girls' persistent32 aversion to science, researchers argue that standard surveys won't reveal hidden impulses or negative thoughts. People may say they consider women the equals of men, but as Jo Handelsman and her colleagues at Yale University reported last year, simply substituting the name Jennifer for John lowered both men's and women's estimation of an aspiring33 scientist's résumé.

    研究人员一直在尝试着解释女孩对于科学挥之不去的厌恶情绪。他们声称,标准的调查显示不出隐藏的冲动或消极想法。人们可能会说,他们认为女性的能力与男性不相伯仲。但正如耶鲁大学(Yale University)的乔·汉德斯曼(Jo Handelsman)及其同事去年发布的研究报告所述,只需用“詹妮弗”这个名字替换“约翰”,就可降低男性和女性对一位潜在科学家的简历的评价。

    Small details can have serious consequences. Women do worse on standardized34 math tests when asked to indicate their sex. When they are told men and women do equally well on such tests, their performance improves. Students show greater gains when they are taught that the mind, like a muscle, gets stronger with work, as opposed to being told that talents are fixed35 and you're born either quick or slow.

    微小的细节有可能产生严重的后果。在标准化数学测试中,如果考生被要求表明其性别,女孩的成绩就会降低。当女考生被告知参加此类考试的男女生的成绩同样好时,她们的表现就会有所改善。如果学生们被告知,智力如同肌肉,是用进废退的——而不是被告知天赋是固定的,一个人思维的快或慢是与生俱来的——他们就将获得更好的成绩。

    "It's a uniquely Western phenomenon to say, 'I'm no good at math, that's O.K. and I can stop doing it,' " Dr. Chow said. "I grew up in Hong Kong, and no parent would say, 'You're right, just give up.' "

    “有些人说,'我不擅长数学,这没什么大不了的,我不再学数学就是了。'这是一种西方社会独有的现象。”邹博士说。“我是在香港长大的,从来没有听到哪位家长说,'你说得对,学不会那就干脆放弃吧。'”

    Don't give up, budding scientist. One day you'll look in the mirror and proudly embrace the term nerd. Whatever that means.

    请不要放弃,未来的科学家。终有一天,你将对着镜子,自豪地接纳书呆子这个绰号。随别人怎样解释这个称谓的含义。

     11级    双语 


    点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

    1 coordinator [kəu'ɔ:dmeitə(r)] Gvazk6   第7级
    n.协调人
    参考例句:
    • The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, headed by the Emergency Relief Coordinator, coordinates all UN emergency relief. 联合国人道主义事务协调厅在紧急救济协调员领导下,负责协调联合国的所有紧急救济工作。
    • How am I supposed to find the client-relations coordinator? 我怎么才能找到客户关系协调员的办公室?
    2 renowned [rɪˈnaʊnd] okSzVe   第8级
    adj.著名的,有名望的,声誉鹊起的
    参考例句:
    • He is one of the world's renowned writers. 他是世界上知名的作家之一。
    • She is renowned for her advocacy of human rights. 她以提倡人权而闻名。
    3 applicants [ˈæplikənts] aaea8e805a118b90e86f7044ecfb6d59   第7级
    申请人,求职人( applicant的名词复数 )
    参考例句:
    • There were over 500 applicants for the job. 有500多人申请这份工作。
    • He was impressed by the high calibre of applicants for the job. 求职人员出色的能力给他留下了深刻印象。
    4 tilted [tɪltɪd] 3gtzE5   第7级
    v. 倾斜的
    参考例句:
    • Suddenly the boat tilted to one side. 小船突然倾向一侧。
    • She tilted her chin at him defiantly. 她向他翘起下巴表示挑衅。
    5 eligible [ˈelɪdʒəbl] Cq6xL   第7级
    adj.有条件被选中的;(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的
    参考例句:
    • He is an eligible young man. 他是一个合格的年轻人。
    • Helen married an eligible bachelor. 海伦嫁给了一个中意的单身汉。
    6 par [pɑ:(r)] OK0xR   第8级
    n.标准,票面价值,平均数量;adj.票面的,平常的,标准的
    参考例句:
    • Sales of nylon have been below par in recent years. 近年来尼龙织品的销售额一直不及以往。
    • I don't think his ability is on a par with yours. 我认为他的能力不能与你的能力相媲美。
    7 extol [ɪkˈstəʊl] ImzxY   第9级
    vt.赞美,颂扬
    参考例句:
    • We of the younger generation extol the wisdom of the great leader and educator. 我们年轻一代崇拜那位伟大的引路人和教育家的智慧。
    • Every day I will praise you and extol your name for ever and ever. 我要天天称颂你,也要永永远远赞美你的名。
    8 dispel [dɪˈspel] XtQx0   第8级
    vt.驱走,驱散,消除
    参考例句:
    • I tried in vain to dispel her misgivings. 我试图消除她的疑虑,但没有成功。
    • We hope the programme will dispel certain misconceptions about the disease. 我们希望这个节目能消除对这种疾病的一些误解。
    9 stereotype [ˈsteriətaɪp] rupwE   第7级
    n.固定的形象,陈规,老套,旧框框
    参考例句:
    • He's my stereotype of a schoolteacher. 他是我心目中的典型教师。
    • There's always been a stereotype about successful businessmen. 人们对于成功商人一直都有一种固定印象。
    10 qualified [ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd] DCPyj   第8级
    adj.合格的,有资格的,胜任的,有限制的
    参考例句:
    • He is qualified as a complete man of letters. 他有资格当真正的文学家。
    • We must note that we still lack qualified specialists. 我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。
    11 immersion [ɪˈmɜ:ʃn] baIxf   第12级
    n.沉浸;专心
    参考例句:
    • The dirt on the bottom of the bath didn't encourage total immersion. 浴缸底有污垢,不宜全身浸泡于其中。
    • The wood had become swollen from prolonged immersion. 因长时间浸泡,木头发胀了。
    12 calculus [ˈkælkjələs] Is9zM   第7级
    n.微积分;结石
    参考例句:
    • This is a problem where calculus won't help at all. 对于这一题,微积分一点也用不上。
    • After studying differential calculus you will be able to solve these mathematical problems. 学了微积分之后,你们就能够解这些数学题了。
    13 remains [rɪˈmeɪnz] 1kMzTy   第7级
    n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
    参考例句:
    • He ate the remains of food hungrily. 他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
    • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog. 残羹剩饭喂狗了。
    14 ambivalence [æm'bɪvələns] ixVzV   第10级
    n.矛盾心理
    参考例句:
    • She viewed her daughter's education with ambivalence. 她看待女儿的教育问题态度矛盾。
    • She felt a certain ambivalence towards him. 她对他的态度有些矛盾。
    15 formerly [ˈfɔ:məli] ni3x9   第8级
    adv.从前,以前
    参考例句:
    • We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard. 我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
    • This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China. 这船从前航行在中国内河里。
    16 reluctance [rɪ'lʌktəns] 8VRx8   第7级
    n.厌恶,讨厌,勉强,不情愿
    参考例句:
    • The police released Andrew with reluctance. 警方勉强把安德鲁放走了。
    • He showed the greatest reluctance to make a reply. 他表示很不愿意答复。
    17 subliminal [ˌsʌbˈlɪmɪnl] hH7zv   第12级
    adj.下意识的,潜意识的;太弱或太快以至于难以觉察的
    参考例句:
    • Maybe they're getting it on a subliminal level. 也许他们会在潜意识里这么以为。
    • The soft sell approach gets to consumers in a subliminal way. 软广告通过潜意识的作用来影响消费者。
    18 steadily ['stedɪlɪ] Qukw6   第7级
    adv.稳定地;不变地;持续地
    参考例句:
    • The scope of man's use of natural resources will steadily grow. 人类利用自然资源的广度将日益扩大。
    • Our educational reform was steadily led onto the correct path. 我们的教学改革慢慢上轨道了。
    19 gender [ˈdʒendə(r)] slSyD   第8级
    n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性
    参考例句:
    • French differs from English in having gender for all nouns. 法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性。
    • Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender. 妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。
    20 fumbled [ˈfʌmbld] 78441379bedbe3ea49c53fb90c34475f   第8级
    (笨拙地)摸索或处理(某事物)( fumble的过去式和过去分词 ); 乱摸,笨拙地弄; 使落下
    参考例句:
    • She fumbled in her pocket for a handkerchief. 她在她口袋里胡乱摸找手帕。
    • He fumbled about in his pockets for the ticket. 他(瞎)摸着衣兜找票。
    21 aptitude [ˈæptɪtju:d] 0vPzn   第7级
    n.(学习方面的)才能,资质,天资
    参考例句:
    • That student has an aptitude for mathematics. 那个学生有数学方面的天赋。
    • As a child, he showed an aptitude for the piano. 在孩提时代,他显露出对于钢琴的天赋。
    22 infiltrated [ɪnˈfɪlˌtreɪtid] ac8114e28673476511d54b771cab25a1   第10级
    adj.[医]浸润的v.(使)渗透,(指思想)渗入人的心中( infiltrate的过去式和过去分词 )
    参考例句:
    • The headquarters had been infiltrated by enemy spies. 总部混入了敌方特务。
    • Many Chinese idioms have infiltrated into the Japanese language. 许多中国成语浸透到日语中。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
    23 dissertation [ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃn] PlezS   第8级
    n.(博士学位)论文,学术演讲,专题论文
    参考例句:
    • He is currently writing a dissertation on the Somali civil war. 他目前正在写一篇关于索马里内战的论文。
    • He was involved in writing his doctoral dissertation. 他在聚精会神地写他的博士论文。
    24 psychology [saɪˈkɒlədʒi] U0Wze   第7级
    n.心理,心理学,心理状态
    参考例句:
    • She has a background in child psychology. 她受过儿童心理学的教育。
    • He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge. 他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。
    25 determined [dɪˈtɜ:mɪnd] duszmP   第7级
    adj.坚定的;有决心的;v.决定;断定(determine的过去分词)
    参考例句:
    • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation. 我已决定毕业后去西藏。
    • He determined to view the rooms behind the office. 他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
    26 aspiration [ˌæspəˈreɪʃn] ON6z4   第7级
    n.志向,志趣抱负;渴望;(语)送气音;吸出
    参考例句:
    • Man's aspiration should be as lofty as the stars. 人的志气应当象天上的星星那么高。
    • Young Addison had a strong aspiration to be an inventor. 年幼的爱迪生渴望成为一名发明家。
    27 pointed [ˈpɔɪntɪd] Il8zB4   第7级
    adj.尖的,直截了当的
    参考例句:
    • He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil. 他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
    • A safety pin has a metal covering over the pointed end. 安全别针在尖端有一个金属套。
    28 ace [eɪs] IzHzsp   第9级
    n.A牌;发球得分;佼佼者;adj.杰出的
    参考例句:
    • A good negotiator always has more than one ace in the hole. 谈判高手总有数张王牌在手。
    • He is an ace mechanic. He can repair any cars. 他是一流的机械师,什么车都会修。
    29 corps [kɔ:z] pzzxv   第7级
    n.(通信等兵种的)部队;(同类作的)一组
    参考例句:
    • The medical corps were cited for bravery in combat. 医疗队由于在战场上的英勇表现而受嘉奖。
    • When the war broke out, he volunteered for the Marine Corps. 战争爆发时,他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
    30 paucity [ˈpɔ:səti] 3AYyc   第10级
    n.小量,缺乏
    参考例句:
    • The paucity of fruit was caused by the drought. 水果缺乏是由于干旱造成的。
    • The results are often unsatisfactory because of the paucity of cells. 因细胞稀少,结果常令人不满意。
    31 marine [məˈri:n] 77Izo   第7级
    adj.海的;海生的;航海的;海事的;n.水兵
    参考例句:
    • Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
    • When the war broke out, he volunteered for the Marine Corps. 战争爆发时,他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
    32 persistent [pəˈsɪstənt] BSUzg   第7级
    adj.坚持不懈的,执意的;持续的
    参考例句:
    • Albert had a persistent headache that lasted for three days. 艾伯特连续头痛了三天。
    • She felt embarrassed by his persistent attentions. 他不时地向她大献殷勤,使她很难为情。
    33 aspiring [əˈspaɪərɪŋ] 3y2zps   第7级
    adj.有志气的;有抱负的;高耸的v.渴望;追求
    参考例句:
    • Aspiring musicians need hours of practice every day. 想当音乐家就要每天练许多小时。
    • He came from an aspiring working-class background. 他出身于有抱负的工人阶级家庭。 来自辞典例句
    34 standardized ['stændəˌdaizd] 8hHzgs   第8级
    adj.标准化的
    参考例句:
    • We use standardized tests to measure scholastic achievement. 我们用标准化考试来衡量学生的学业成绩。
    • The parts of an automobile are standardized. 汽车零件是标准化了的。
    35 fixed [fɪkst] JsKzzj   第8级
    adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
    参考例句:
    • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet? 你们俩选定婚期了吗?
    • Once the aim is fixed, we should not change it arbitrarily. 目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。

    文章评论 共有评论 0查看全部

      会员登陆
      热门单词标签
    我的单词印象
    我的理解: